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Furthermore, the pyridinium bromide salts were found to catalyze tetrahydropyranyl protection of alcohol

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Academic year: 2021

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Abstract-Kurzzusammenfassung

In this work, a new principle in noncovalent organocatalysis was established by using electron-deficient pyridinium salts as catalysts. First, alkylation of α-halo ethers with silyl ketene acetals were shown to be catalyzed by the pyridinium tetraphenylborate salts.

Extensive mechanistic investigations and kinetic experiments revealed that these salts act as anion-binder in this reaction and captured the chloride ion via Coulombic interaction. The halide-binding abilities of these salts were also evident from the X-ray crystal structures of the pyridinium halide salts and were confirmed from the binding constant measurement.

Furthermore, the pyridinium bromide salts were found to catalyze tetrahydropyranyl protection of alcohol. This finding was extended to the glycosylation of protected glycals.

Excellent yield and anomeric selectivity were observed with a catalyst loading of as low as 1 mol%. Mechanistic investigations and control experiment indicated an unprecedented mode of activation: addition of alcohol to the 2-position of the pyridinium salt was found to be the most likely reason for the catalytic activity.

In dieser Arbeit wird eine neuartige, nicht-kovalente Organokatalyse vorgestellt, in der elektronenarme Pyridiniumsalze als Katalysatoren verwendet werden. Als erstes wird gezeigt, dass die Alkylierung von α-halogenierten Ethern mit Silylketenacetalen von Pyridiniumtetraphenylboratsalzen katalysiert wird. Ausgiebige mechanistische Untersuchungen, sowie kinetische Experimente zeigten, dass diese Salze als Anionen- Binder wirken. Sie fangen die Chlorid-Ionen durch Coulombwechselwirkungen ein. Die Fähigkeit zur Halogenidbindung wurde auch durch Röntgenkristallstrukturanalyse der Pyridiniumhalogenidsalze offensichtlich und durch Messung der Bindungskonstanten bestätigt.

Des Weiteren wurde herausgefunden, dass die Pyridiniumbromidsalze auch die Tetrahydropyranyl-Schützung von Alkoholen katalysieren. Diese Erkenntnis wurde auch auf die Glycosylierung von geschützten Glycalen ausgeweitet. Ausgezeichnete Ausbeuten und anomere Selektivitäten wurden noch bei Katalysatorbeladungen von bis zu 1 mol%

beobachtet. Mechanistische Untersuchungen und Kontrollexperimente deuteten eine bislang unbekannte Art der Aktivierung an: Die Addition des Alkohols an die Position 2 des Pyridiniumsalzes liegt höchstwahrscheinlich der katalytischen Aktivität zu Grunde.

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