Crossroads
Studies on the History of Exchange Relations in the East Asian World
縱横
東亞世界交流史研究
クロスロード
東アジア世界の交流史研究
크로스로드
東아시아世界의交流史研究
Vol. 16 (Oct. 2017) Special Issue
The “Indo-Pacific” Crossroads:
The Asian Waters as Conduits of Knowledge, People, Cargoes, and Technologies
OSTASIEN Verlag
The depiction of the Inner Audience Hall of a Japanese daimyō on the cover is taken from: The History of Japan, Giving An Account of the ancient and present State and Government of that Empire; of Its Temples, Palaces, Castles and other Buildings; of Its Metals, Minerals, Trees, Plants, Animals, Birds and Fishes; of The Chronology and Succession of the Emperors, Ecclesiastical and Secular; or The Original Descent, Religions, Customs, and Manuactures of the Natives, and of their Trade and Commerce with the Dutch and Chinese. Together with a Description of the Kingdom of Siam. Written in High-Dutch by Engelbertus Kaempfer, M.D. Physician of the Dutch Embassy of the Emperor's Court; and translated from his Original Manuscript, never before printed, by J. G.
Scheuchzer, F. R. S. and a Member of the College of Physicians, London. With the Life of the Author, and an Introduction. Illustrated with many Copper Plates (London: John Gaspar Scheuchzer, 1727), Vol. 2 [archive.org/details/historyofjapangi02kaem], Tab. 32.
The publication of this issue was supported by the Gerda Henkel Foundation and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) of Canada.
Editor in chief: Angela SCHOTTENHAMMER (Salzburg, Austria; McGill, Montreal, Canada) Co-Editors: Maddalena BARENGHI (Salzburg, Austria)
KOBAYASHI Fumihiko小林史彦 (New York, USA) LI Jinxiu 李锦锈 (Beijing, China)
LI Man 李漫 (Gent, Belgium) Achim MITTAG (Tübingen, Germany) PARK Hyunhee박현희 朴賢熙 (New York, USA) Barbara SEYOCK (Bochum, Germany) Reinhard ZÖLLNER (Bonn, Germany)
ISBN 978-3-946114-45-1 ISSN 2190-8796
© 2017. OSTASIEN Verlag, Gossenberg (www.ostasien-verlag.de) Herausgeber: Angela Schottenhammer
Endredaktion und Lektorat: Martin Hanke und Dorothee Schaab-Hanke Satz und Umschlaggestaltung: Martin Hanke
Druck und Bindung: Rosch-Buch Druckerei GmbH, Scheßlitz Printed in Germany
Crossroads 16 (Oct. 2017)
Table of Contents
Angela SCHOTTENHAMMER 83
Introductory Remarks: What Is the “Indo-Pacific”?
Ubaldo IACCARINO 99
“The Centre of a Circle”: Manila’s Trade with East and Southeast Asia at the Turn of the Sixteenth Century
Omri BASSEWITCH FRENKEL 121
Conquistadores or Merchants?
Spanish Plans for the Conquest of China, 1565–1586
CHENG Wei-chung 鄭維中 141
The Dutch Deserter Hugo Rozijn and His Activities in East Asian Waters during the Ming-Qing Transition
LEE Chi-lin 李其霖 161
The Development of Shipbuilding during the Qing Dynasty
Wim DE WINTER 195
Dining with the Daimyō:
Performative Intercultural Exchange and Border Thinking through Seventeenth-Century European-Japanese Banquets
Fabricio A. FONSECA 219
The Chinese Initiative for a Twenty-First Century
Maritime Silk Road: Opportunities and Challenges for Latin America Abstracts (in English, Chinese, Japanese and Korean) 249
Crossroads 16 (Oct. 2017)
Abstracts
Angela SCHOTTENHAMMER, Introductory Remarks:
What Is the “Indo-Pacific”
Since 2011, the term “Indo-Pacific” is being used more and more frequently in the global strategic and geo-political discourse. Although the term is not abso- lutely new, it has recently received increasing popularity, above all among US, Australian, and Japanese officials and politicians. The introduction briefly dis- cusses the actual meaning and implication of the recent usage of this term and introduces the articles of this special volume.
ᑵ൛ǴЇق
Ծ 2011 ԃаٰ, “ӑࡋ—ϼѳࢩ” ຒӧӄౚᏯౣکӦጔࡹݯ၉ᇟύ ޑ٬ҔຫٰຫᓎᕷǶᗨฅ೭ঁຒόࢂӄཥޑຒ༼Ǵՠന߈ڙډຫ
ٰຫӭޑ߆, Ѐځࢂऍ୯ǵᐞεճ٥کВҁޑ۔کࡹࣚΓγǶ ЇقϩᙁाፕॊΑ೭ೌᇟҔݤޑჴཀကک֖က, ٠ϟಏΑҁ ԛᒠޑፏЎകǶ
仂൛ǴЇق
Ծ2011ԃа䗂, “ӑࡋ—ϼѳࢩ” 便ӧӄౚ㥾ౣکӦ䷑ࡹݯ俏俟 ύޑ٬Ҕຫ䗂ຫ匂ᕷǶ㨏ฅ㤄㚚便όࢂӄཥޑ便䬗Ǵՠന߈ڙډ ຫ䗂ຫӭޑ㝔߆, Ѐځࢂऍ㡚ǵᐞεճ䜦کВҁޑ۔䠑کࡹࣚΓ γǶЇقϩ䳾ा侬ॊΑ㤄㛼俟Ҕݤޑ䯢㡵ཀ㚜ک֖㚜, Ԃϟ䶆 Αҁԛ僛ޑ俪ЎകǶ
Angela SCHOTTENHAMMER, ׇፕ
2011 ߤˉᣓŲżǣȲȈȶȐǶȔǢȂǮŽƯƋƍཇᗨƶŲǯȬȷ ȏȪ࿋Ʊ२ཥȶֳ੫ƲƠǒᘺᗿƲƑƋƭDžƠDžƠᦋቃƲ˽ཇ ƜǓƭƔƭƋǒųƚƵཇᗨƶƖઘƞƋljƵƮƶƱƋƓŲᝏŲ ᆌ֟ŲǩȷǸȇȨȩǡŲબଥƵ੫߹̒Nj੫ഋ۾ƵᢦƮŲᎇ Ɩ˽ǖǓٿLjƭƋǒųΕơŲƶƟLjƲŲƚƵߴᗿƮƶŲƚƵཇ ᗨƓŲᝏŲ۳ƲưƵǏƍƱࣾӱƯәࣾǙˉƭ˽ཇƜǓƭƋ ǒƒǙŲᅴѿƲᗰ઼ƞŲƚƵມϼӃƵߴᗿƯƠǒų
Abstracts 250
Angela SCHOTTENHAMMER, ㍲⪶
2011 ⎚ 㧊䤚 “㧎☚ 䗒㔲䞓” 㧊⧒⓪㣿㠊Ṗ⁖⪲⻢ 㩚⨋ · 㰖㩫䞯G
(ӦࡹᏢ) 㩗⏒㦮㏣㠦㍲㩦㩦▪ゞ⻞䧞㌂㣿♮㠊㢪┺. 㧊⓪㞚㭒
㌞⪲㤊 㣿㠊⓪ 㞚┞㰖Ⱒ 㾲⁒ ⹎ῃ, 䢎㭒, 㧒⽎ 㩫 ὖἚ㧦㢖 㩫䂮㧎㌂㧊㠦㍲Ⱔ㧊㌂㣿♮₆㔲㧧䟞┺. 㧊㍲⪶㠦㍲⓪Ⲓ㩖㧊 㣿㠊Ṗ 㾲⁒ 㔺㩲⪲ 㠊⟺ 㦮⹎㢖 㞪㔲⪲㖾 ㌂㣿♮ἶ 㧞⓪㰖⯒
Ṛ┾䧞㍺ⳛ䞮ἶ㧊䔏㰧䢎㠦㔺Ⰶ⏒ⶎ✺㦚㏢Ṳ䞮ἶ㧦䞲┺. Ubaldo IACCARINO, “The Centre of a Circle”: Manila’s Trade with East Asia and Southeast Asia at the Turn of the Sixteenth Century The commercial role of Manila made it a place of encounter for people from very different cultures worldwide. Writing in the late 1610s, the Spanish cos- mographer and arbitrista Hernando de los Ríos Coronel (c. 1559–1624) indi- cated Manila as the “centre of a circle” whose circumference included China, Japan, Indochina and insular India. Due to its favourable geographical position – as well as to political and economic factors – Manila created its wealth thanks to the commerce of such overseas merchants as the Chinese “Sangleys” from Fujian, the Portuguese shipowners of Macao and Nagasaki, the Japanese dai- myō of Kyūshū, as well as traders from Borneo, Siam and Cambodia. Ubaldo Iaccarino investigates foreign trade in the Philippines at the beginning of the seventeenth century, ٛulphurٛg the exchange of silver, gold, silks and cottons, porcelains, ٛulphur and quicksilver – as well as wax, honey, deer skins, turtles, etc., with the aim of clarifying the role of Manila as an entrepôt situated between the Americas, the East and Southeast Asia.
Ubaldo IACCARINO, “༝Ј”: ΜϤШइϐҬޑଭѭᆶܿ٥Ϸܿࠄ٥
ޑຩܰ
ଭѭޑӦՏǴ٬ѬԋࣁШࣚӚӦόӕЎϯङඳϐΓޑ࣬ၶ
ϐӦǶ1610 ԃж҃, ՋУӹۖᏢৎکҸຊΓষᅟࠄӭ·ቺ·ࢶථ·ٚ
༫ථਠ (1559–1624) ࡰр, ଭѭࢂ “༝Ј”, ځڬߏхࡴύ୯ǵВ ҁǵӑࡋЍٗکӑࡋဂǶҗܭځԖճޑӦՏ—аϷࡹݯک
ᔮӢન—ଭѭബΑ, ೭ளΪٰԾύ୯ ᅽࡌ “ਓ”Ǵᐞ ߐکߏޑဟУಭܿǴВҁ ΐԀޑεӜǴаϷٰԾஇᛥࢪǵᐁ ᛥکࢍჵޑຩܰǶUbaldo Iaccarino ࣴزΑΜΎШइ߃ࡓᇯ ޑჹѦຩܰ, ϩሌǵߎǵํᆞکාǵౠᏔǵ౷ᕘکНሌޑҬ
ܰǴаϷៃǵီᇋǵജҜǵੇᓫ, ҞޑࢂዂమଭѭբࣁঁՏ ܭऍࢪǵܿ٥کܿࠄ٥ϐ໔ޑᙯαෝޑբҔǶ
Abstracts 251
Ubaldo IACCARINO, “䡿Ј”: ΜϤШ䵣ϐҬޑ卺ѭᢳ䛵䜦Ϸ䛵ࠄ䜦
ޑ偍ܰ
卺ѭޑ䛳ӦՏǴ٬Ѭԋ䜀ШࣚӚӦόӕЎϯङඳϐΓޑ࣬ၶ
ϐӦǶ 1610 ԃж҃, ՋУӹۖ䗄ৎکҸຊΓষ㛲ࠄӭ·ቺ·ࢶථ·ٚ
䣙ථਠ (1559–1624) ࡰр, 卺ѭࢂ”䡿Ј”, ځڬ剟хࡴύ㡚ǵВ ҁǵӑࡋЍٗکӑࡋဂ䤱ǶҗΪځԖճޑӦՏ—аϷࡹݯک 䶈䬵Ӣન—卺ѭ䞫Α倷, 㤄ளΪ䗂Ծύ㡚ᅽࡌ “ਓ”Ǵᐞ 剫ک剟ޑဟУಭ䛵ǴВҁΐԀޑεӜǴаϷ䗂Ծஇ䷶ࢪǵᐁ
䷶کࢍჵޑ偍ܰǶ Ubaldo Iaccarino ࣴزΑΜΎШ䵣߃ࡓ䤊 ޑ㛱Ѧ偍ܰ, ϩ凜ǵߎǵ䛶䶱کාǵౠᏔǵ౷ᕘکН凜ޑҬ
ܰǴаϷ⤐ǵီᇋǵജҜǵੇ唩, Ҟޑࢂዂమ卺ѭբ䜀㚚Տ Ϊऍࢪǵ䛵䜦ک䛵ࠄ䜦ϐ剷ޑ傶αෝޑբҔǶ
Ubaldo IACCARINO,Ȩ㚻喘ύЈȩ: 16 Шइ喘傦ඤය嗿嗬嘊喕啴啻
喵ܿ嗃嗙嗃喒ܿࠄ嗃嗙嗃ຩܰ
嗿嗬嘊喘ࢲ喕喲喍喐ǵ嗿嗬嘊喙ǵ౦喔喵Шࣚ啵喳喘Γ莔 喘р㜘啮喘喒喔喍喉Ƕ 1610 ԃжࡕъǵ嗚嗻嗅嘔喘ӹۖፕৎ喑 啬喴ǵ17 Шइ嗚嗻嗅嘔喘ޗ㜘ׯॠޣ喑啬喵 Hernando de los Ríos
Coronel (1559–1624) 喙ǵ嗿嗬嘊喼ύ㡚ǵВҁǵ嗅嘔嗪嗘嗫ǵ嗅嘔
嗪喘喼֖喪Ȩ㚻喘ύЈȩ喒喁喐Ң喁喉Ƕ喇喘Ԗճ喔ӦޑՏ
喒ࡹݯޑ啴喲喝㱃㯹ޑाӢ喘啴啵啼喑ǵᅽࡌ࣪啵喳喘ύ㡚喘
ȨSangleysȩǵ嗿嗌嗋單ߏӧ喘嗾嘌嗩嗍嘌ΓಭЬǵΐԀ喘Вҁ
喘εӜ喔喓ǵ喨喉ǵ嗽嘌嗮嗋ǵ嗘嘄嘁ǵ嗌嘔嗽嗙嗃啵喳喘ੇѦ
ຩܰΓ喉喋喘啴啵啼喑ǵ嗿嗬嘊喙ǵ喼ബр喁喉Ƕ嗇嗱嘌 嗪嘘嗅嗃嗌嘋嘙嗯喙ǵ17 Шइ߃ᓐ喕啴啻喵嗶嗄嘋嗵嘔喘㟂Ѧຩ
ܰ喼ፓ㦞喁ǵៃǵ嗰嗢嘀嗥ǵ嗘嗌喘Ҝǵ嗌嘂喔喓喒ӕ䃫喕ǵሌǵ ߎǵ喒ᆟǵഏᏔǵ౷㲢喒Нሌ喘Ҭඤ喼ϩ喁喉Ƕ喇喘ϩ喕 䁥喃喵ҁക喘Ҟޑ喙ǵ17 Шइ߃喫喕嗃嘂嘋嗌ǵܿ嗃嗙嗃喒ܿࠄ 嗃嗙嗃喘໔喕Տ喃喵ނණӦ喒喁喐喘嗿嗬嘊喘אപ喼ܴዴ 喕喃喵啽喒喑啬喵Ƕ
Ubaldo IACCARINO, “㤦䡫⍺䔎㤢䋂㦮㭧㕂”: 16 ㎎₆㩚䢮₆ Ⱎ┦⧒㦮☯㞚㔲㞚㢖☯⋾㞚㔲㞚ⶊ㡃
㌗㠛䢲☯㦚䐋䟊Ⱎ┦⧒⓪㎎Ἒ㦮㍲⪲┺⯎ ⶎ䢪ῢ㦮㌂⧢✺㧊
㢖㍲ Ⱒ⋮ ᾦ⮮䞮⓪ 㧻㏢Ṗ ♮㠞┺. 1610 ⎚╖ 䤚㠦 䢲㟓䞲
㓺䗮㧎㦮㤆㭒⪶㧧Ṗ㧊Ⳇ arbitrista (17 ㎎₆㓺䗮㧎㦮Ṳ䡗Ṗ✺)㧎
Hernando de los Ríos Coronel (1559–1624) 㦖 Ⱎ┦⧒⯒ 㭧ῃ, 㧒⽎,
Abstracts 252
㧎☚㹾㧊⋮, 㧎☚㦮 ㎂㦚 㡆ἆ䞮⓪ “㤦䡫 ⍺䔎㤢䋂㦮 㭧㕂”㦒⪲
䚲䡚䟞┺. ⁎ 㥶Ⰲ䞲 㰖Ⰲ㩗 㥚䂮 㩫䂮 ἓ㩲㩗 㣪㧎 ▫㠦,
⽋Ị㎇㠦㍲ 㡺⓪ 㭧ῃ㦮 “Sangleys” ⧒⓪ ㌗㧎✺, Ⱎ䃊㡺㢖
⋮Ṗ㌂䋺㠦㍲ 䢲☯䞮⓪ 䙂⯊䒂Ṟ㧎 ㍶㭒✺, 䊦㓞㦮 㧒⽎㦮
┺㧊✺, ⽊⯊⍺㡺, 㔲㞪, 䃚⽊❪㞚㦮䟊㣎ⶊ㡃㌗㧎✺㦮㌗㠛䢲☯
▫㠦Ⱎ┦⧒⓪⯒㺓㿲䟊⌒㑮 㧞㠞┺. Ubaldo Iaccarino ⓪ 17
㎎₆㽞㦮䞚Ⰲ䞖㦮╖㣎ⶊ㡃㦚㫆㌂䞮Ⳋ㍲㦖, ⁞, ゚┾, Ⳋ䢪,
☚㧦₆, 㥶䢿, 㑮㦖 ⹖⧣, ∖, ㌂㔊 Ṗ㭓, Ệ㧊 ❇㦮 ⶒ䛞㦮 ᾦ䢮㦚 ㍳䟞┺. 㧊 ㍳㦚 䐋䟊 17 ㎎₆ 㽞㠦 㞚ⲪⰂ䃊 ╖⮯,
☯㞚㔲㞚㢖 ☯⋾㞚㔲㞚㦮 ㌂㧊㠦 㥚䂮䞮⓪ 䢪ⶒ 㰧㌆㰖⪲㍲㦮 Ⱎ┦⧒㦮㡃䞶㦚ⳛ䢫䧞䞮ἶ㧦䞲┺.
Omri BASSEWITCH FRENKEL, Conquistadores or Merchants?
Spanish Plans for the Conquest of China, 1565–1586
During the process of the Spanish colonization of the Philippines we can ob- serve a shift from a colonization concentrating on land control to one focused on trade, a shift that created various social tensions and disappointments. Con- trary to Spanish expectations, spices or precious metals were not abundant in the Philippines. In addition, the geographical dispersion and social organization of the local population made it hard to control. In this sub-chapter, Omri Bassewitch Frenkel argues that the Spanish plans for the invasion of China may have arisen out of Spanish society’s inability to adapt itself to the conditions of the Philippine Islands, and its failure to adopt new ideals of prestige and models of status.
Omri BASSEWITCH FRENKELǴ۴ܺޣ܈Γ? ՋУ۴ܺύ୯ޑीฝǴ1565–1586
ӧՋУ҇ϯࡓᇯޑၸำύ, ךॺёаᢀჸډ, วғΑவύ ΪβӦڋޑ҇ݯӛݙຩܰᙯᡂޑၸำ, ೭ᙯᡂԋΑӚ ᅿޗᆙکѨఈᆣǶᆶՋУޑයఈ࣬ϸ, ३܈ߎឦӧ
ࡓᇯ٠όᙦǶԜѦ, ӦΓαޑޗಔᙃکӦୱ܄ϩණک٬ځᜤ аڋǶӧҁЎύ, Omri Bassewitch Frenkel ᇡࣁ, ՋУΕߟύ୯ޑ
ीฝޑౢғǴёૈࢂҗܭՋУޗคݤௗڙࡓᇯޑ୯ǴԶ Ъؒૈ௦યᜢܭکӦՏޑཥۺǶ
Abstracts 253 Omri BASSEWITCH FRENKELǴ۴ܺޣ܈Γ?
ՋУ۴ܺύ㡚ޑ侓ӊǴ1565–1586
ӧՋУ҇ϯࡓ䤊ޑ㠤ำύ, ך䜹ёа佢ჸډ, 䠁ғΑ㚸ύ ΪβӦڋޑ҇䶘ݯӛ䛱ݙ偍ܰ傶䠃ޑ㠤ำ, 㤄傶䠃ԋΑӚ ᳪޗ㜘䴿䦄کѨఈ䶣ǶᢳՋУޑයఈ࣬ϸ, ३܈偊ߎ㳩ӧ
ࡓ䤊ԂόώǶԜѦ, 㜾ӦΓαޑޗ㜘䵽䶀کӦୱ܄ϩණک٬ځ劵 аڋǶӧҁЎύ, Omri Bassewitch Frenkel 侖䜀, ՋУΕߟύ㡚ޑ 侓㣣ޑ䜨ғǴёૈࢂҗΪՋУޗ㜘㛐ݤௗڙࡓ䤊ޑ㡚ǴԶ Ъ㠀ૈߍ䵬䞄Ϊ䩯کӦՏޑཥۺǶ
Omri BASSEWITCH FRENKEL,嗔嘔嗎嗚嗠嗪嘙嘌ǵ喨喉喙ǵΓ?
ύ㡚۴ܺ喘喉喫喘嗚嗻嗅嘔喘ी㣣,1565–1586
嗶嗄嘋嗵嘔喘嗚嗻嗅嘔҇Ӧϯ喘ၸำ喑ǵβӦЍଛ喕ข㧀喼㜾 喐喉҇Ӧϯ啵喳ǵຩܰ喕ข㧀喼㜾喐喉҇Ӧϯ喢喘౽Չǵ喎 喨喴ǵ䃫莔喔ޗ㜘ޑᆙ喒Ѩఈ喼Ї啷ଆ啽喁喉౽Չ喼ـ喵啽喒 啶喑啷喵Ƕ嗚嗻嗅嘔喘යࡑ喒喙㟂ྣޑ喕ǵ嗶嗄嘋嗵嘔喑喙ǵ嗚 嗲嗅嗚單ߎ㳩喙⛓喑喙喔啵喍喉Ƕ у啲喐ǵӦБΓα喘Ӧ
ޑϩණ喒ޗ㜘ޑᄬԋ喙ǵ嗶嗄嘋嗵嘔喼Ѝଛ喃喵啽喒喼֚ᜤ喕喁 喉Ƕ啽喘ക喑喙ǵOmri Bassewitch Frenkel 喙ǵύ㡚ߟౣ喘喉喫喘嗚 嗻嗅嘔喘ी㣣喙ǵ嗶嗄嘋嗵嘔ፏ喘㠎ݩ喕㟕喃喵啽喒啶喑啷 喔啮喒啮啰٣ǵ喨喉ǵ࠶ߞ喢喘ཥ喉喔ۺ喒ଯ啮ޗ㜘ޑӦՏ喼 ڗ喵啽喒啶喑啷喔啵喍喉٣啵喳ғ喂喐啮喵ǵ喒ፕ喂喐啮喵Ƕ
Omri BASSEWITCH FRENKEL, 㩫⽋㧦⡦⓪㌗㧎? 㓺䗮㧎㦮㭧ῃ㩫⽋Ἒ䣣, 1565–1586
㓺䗮㧎㧊 䞚Ⰲ䞖㦚 㔳⹒㰖䢪䞮⓪ ὒ㩫㠦㍲ 䏶㰖 㰖⺆⪲䎆 ⶊ㡃㦒⪲ 㽞㩦㦚 㩚䢮䞮Ⳋ㍲ ┺㟧䞲 ㌂䣢㩗 ₊㧻ὒ 㔺ⰳṦ㦚
⩂㧒㦒䋺Ợ♮㠞┺. 㓺䗮㧎㧊₆╖䟞▮ộὒ⓪╂Ⰲ䞚Ⰲ䞖㠦㍲
䛣䞲 䟻㔶⬢㢖 ‖⁞㏣㦚 㺔㦚 㑮 㠜㠞┺. ⡦䞲 㰖 㧎ῂ㦮 㰖Ⰲ㩗㌆ὒ㌂䣢㩗ῂ㎇➢ⶎ㠦䞚Ⰲ䞖㦚㑮㤪䞮Ợ㰖⺆䞶㑮 㠜⓪❲⩞ⰞṖ㧞㠞┺. ⽎ἶ㠦㍲ Omri Bassewitch Frenkel ⓪㭧ῃ㦚 䂾⨋䞮⩺⓪㓺䗮㧎㦮 Ἒ䣣㧊㓺㓺⪲䞚Ⰲ䞖㦮㌗䢿㠦㩗㦧䞶㑮 㠜㠞ἶⳛ㎇ὒ㔶⳾◎㦚㥚䞲㌞⪲㤊㧊⎦㦚㑮㣿䞮㰖ⴑ䟞₆
➢ⶎ㠦゚⫅♲ộ㧊⧒ἶ㭒㧻䞲┺.
Abstracts 254
CHENG Wei-chung (ᎄᆢύ), The Dutch Deserter Hugo Rozijn and his Activities in East Asian Waters during the Ming-Qing Transition This contribution shifts to Taiwan as another crossroad of human encounter.
In 1662, Taiwan was taken over from its former ruler, the VOC (Dutch East India Company), by the Chinese warlord Zheng Chenggong 䝣ᡆࣕ (1624–
1662). One of the deserters during the siege of the Dutch castle Zeelandia on Taiwan, Hugo Rozijn, survived under the Zheng regime, for more than twenty- one years. He established a family and was hired as a translator and medical practitioner. Later when the Zheng regime fell to the Manchu attack in 1683, Hugo Rozijn was released and returned to Batavia as a ship’s surgeon. He then served on the VOC’s ship again, applying his knowledge in local languages and herbs, sailing from Batavia to Japan, China and the coast of Bengal in the 1690s.
His interesting life story is introduced here in detail.
ᎄᆢύǴܴమਔයޑើΫޣߘ݀·ᛥᜅϷځӧܿ٥Нୱޑࢲ
೭ጇЎകፕᆵբࣁΓᜪᎁၶޑќঁΜӷၡαǶ1662 ԃ, ᆵ
ύ୯ᎄԋф (1624–1662) வځݯޣើܿӑࡋϦљ (VOC) Ћ ύௗᆅǶӧើࠤޑើࠤൕൎװࡕ, ߘ݀·ᛥᜅԋΑӭծ ύޑঁǴԂӧᎄԋфݯΠॴӸΑຬၸΒΜԃǶдԋΑৎ, ٠
ငࣁᙌکᙴғǶࡕٰ, ᎄМࡹӧ 1683 ԃޑᅈమࡹ۬װᔐΠው
௳, ߘ݀·ᛥᜅញܫ, ٠߇ӣډЃၲᆢ٥ǴԋΑঁಭޑѦࣽᙴ ғǶԜࡕдӆԛӧϦљޑಭܺא, ၮҔдჹӦᇟقکᛰޑޕ
, ӧΜΎШइΐΜԃжǴவЃၲᆢ٥ૐՉډВҁ, ύ୯کۏу
ੇ۞Ƕ೭ጇЎകϟಏΑдԖ፪ޑғࢲࡺ٣Ƕ
儒䶭ύǴܴమ㟭යޑ䞃Ϋޣߘ݀·䷶偳Ϸځӧ䛵䜦Нୱޑࢲ㜥
ืᥟۭᆄ
㤄ጇЎക侚侬Ѡ㵈բ䜀Γ㧵ᎁၶޑќ㚚ΜӷၡαǶ 1662 ԃ, Ѡ㵈
ύ㡚儒ԋф (1624–1662) 㚸ځ䶘ݯޣ䞃䛵ӑࡋϦљ (VOC) Ћ ύௗᆅǶӧ䮔䞃ࠤޑ䞃ࠤൕ䡼װӟ, ߘ݀·䷶偳ԋΑ㜚ӭծ ύޑ㚚ǴԂӧ儒ԋф䶘ݯΠ۩ӸΑຬ㠤ΒΜԃǶдԋΑৎ, Ԃ
င䜀ᙌ促ک㞉ғǶӟ䗂, 儒Мࡹ䩯ӧ 1683 ԃޑ䭣మࡹ۬װ䞤Π䭙 债, ߘ݀·䷶偳儫ܫ, Ԃ߇ӣډЃ㠣䶭䜦ǴԋΑ㚚ಭޑѦࣽ㞉 ғǶԜӟдӆԛӧϦљޑಭܺא, 僱Ҕд㛱㜾Ӧ俟قک亦ޑޕ 侸, ӧΜΎШ䵣ΐΜԃжǴ㚸Ѓ㠣䶭䜦ૐՉډВҁ, ύ㡚کۏу
ੇ۞Ƕ㤄ጇЎകϟ䶆ΑдԖ፪ޑғࢲࡺ٣Ƕ
Abstracts 255 ᎄᆢύ, 嗋嘊嘔嗡Γ㱏وծHugo Rozijn喒ܴమ۴ܺਔ喘ܿ嗃嗙嗃 Нୱ喕啴啻喵۶喘ࢲ
ҁക喕啴啮喐ǵข㧀喼ǵȨΓ໔喒喘р㜘啮ȩ喒啮啰ǵ喬啰喎 喘嗐嘎嗚嘘嘎嘙嗪喒喁喐Ѡ㵈喢౽Չ喃喵Ƕ 1662 ԃǵѠ㵈喘Ѝଛ 喙ǵϡ喘ݯޣ喑啬喍喉VOC (嗋嘊嘔嗡ܿ嗅嘔嗪㜘ޗ) 啵喳ύ㡚 喘ݓ㩲ᎄԋф (1624–1662) 喕Ї啷㻘啶営喉ǶѠ㵈喘嗋嘊嘔嗡喘嗝 嘙嘊嘔嗨嗄嗃ࠤх㞝䧝ύ喘Ϋޣ喘1ΓǵHugo Rozijn 喙 21 ԃа
喕喹喉喍喐ᎄࡹ䃰Π喑ғ啷ۯ喝喉Ƕ ۶喙ৎ喼喋ǵᙌ佾ޣ 喒㞉ৣ喒喁喐喹営喉Ƕ 喇喘ࡕǵᎄࡹ䃰啶 1683 ԃ喕㵋Ԁװ䃕喕 ပ喋喉喒啷ǵ嗳嘆嘙嗕嘘嘎嘙嗝嘔喙ှܫ啿営ǵಭಬ㤑ಭѦࣽ㞉 喒喁喐嗱嗠嗴嗃喕㟟喍喉Ƕ 喇喁喐ǵ۶喙ǵܿ嗅嘔嗪㜘ޗ喘ಭ喕 ӆ喝㤑喴ǵӦϡ喘قᇟ單嗰嘙嗷喘ޕ喼٬啮喔啶喳ǵ1690 ԃж 喕嗱嗠嗴嗃啵喳Вҁǵύ㡚ǵ嗺嘔嗍嘌ੇ۞喨喑ૐੇ喁喉Ƕᑫښ
ు啮۶喘Γғނᇟ喼ǵ啽喘ക喕啴啮喐ǵ၁ಒ喕ಏϟ喃喵Ƕ
CHENG Wei-chung (ᎄᆢύ), ⍺▲⧖✲㧎䌞㡗⼧ Hugo Rozijn ὒⳛ㼃 (ܴమ) 㩫⽋㔲₆☯㞚㔲㞚㑮㡃㠦㍲㦮⁎㦮䢲☯
㧊 㧻㠦㍲⓪㽞㩦㦚 “㧎Ṛὒ㦮Ⱒ⋾” 㧊⧒⓪⡦ ┺⯎䋂⪲㓺⪲✲
⪲㍲㦮 ╖Ⱒ㦒⪲ 㧊☯䞲┺. 1662 ⎚ ╖Ⱒ㦮 㰖⺆⓪ 㤦⧮ 䐋䂮㧦
㡖▮ VOC (⍺▲⧖✲☯㧎☚䣢㌂) 㠦㍲㭧ῃⶊ㧻㩫㎇Ὃ (ᎄԋф,
1624–1662) 㦒⪲⍮㠊Ṫ┺. ╖Ⱒ㠦㧞▮ ⍺▲⧖✲㦮 Zeelandia ㎇㦚
䙂㥚䟞㦚➢䌞㡗䞲⼧㌂ 㭧㦮䞲 ⳛ㧎 Hugo Rozijn 㦖 21 ⎚⍮Ợ
㩫㎇Ὃ㩫ῢ䞮㠦㍲㌳㫊䟞┺. ⁎⓪Ṗ㫇㦚⚦ἶ䐋㡃ὖὒ㦮㌂⪲
ἶ㣿♮㠞┺. 㧊䤚㩫㎇Ὃ㩫ῢ㧊 1683 ⎚㠦Ⱒ㭒Ὃỿ㠦䕾⺆䟞㦚
➢, 䦊ἶ⪲㩶㦖䟊♮㠊㣎ὒ㦮㌂⪲㍶㔏㍶䞮㡂䌖゚㞚⪲
☢㞚㢪┺. ⁎䤚⁎⓪☯㧎☚䣢㌂㦮⺆⯒┺㔲䌖ἶ䡚㰖㦮㠎㠊㢖 㟓㽞㠦╖䞲㰖㔳㦚㌂㣿䞮Ⳋ㍲ 1690 ⎚╖㠦䌖゚㞚㠦㍲㧒⽎, 㭧ῃ, ⼋Ṟ 䟊㞞₢㰖 䟃䟊䟞┺. 䦻⹎⪲㤊⁎㦮 㧎㌳ 㧊㟒₆⯒㧊 㧻㠦㍲㌗㎎䞮Ợ㏢Ṳ䞲┺.
LEE Chi-lin (ځᓄ), The Development of Shipbuilding during the Qing Dynasty
Lee Chi-lin eventually sheds more light on an interesting special case, Qing dynasty (1644–1911) shipbuilding. This case is particularly interesting, because the Qing are generally conceived as not having been interested in maritime space, consequently absolutely neglecting areas, such as shipbuilding. Lee Chi- lin concentrates on the eighteenth century, that is, on a time when China had
Abstracts 256
supposedly already retreated from the seas. He introduces various types of ships and analyses the politics according to which the Manchus established their shipyards. The chapter also pays particular attention to the construction of warships.
ځᓄ, ፕమжಭޑว
ځᓄ, ፕΑঁԖ፪ޑਸਢٯ, మж (1644–1911) ޑಭǶ ೭ঁਢٯձԖཀࡘǴӢࣁమරᇡࣁࢂჹੇࢩޜ໔όགᑫ
፪ޑǴӢԜдॺֹӄ۹ౣΑಭሦୱǶдᜢݙޑࢂΜΖШइ, ջ ύ୯ࡪᇥςவੇӣᄖΚໆޑਔࢤǶځᓄϟಏΑόӕᜪࠠ
ޑಭಬ, ϩΑᅈࢪΓࡌಭቷޑࡹǶҁകᗋձᜢݙΑᏯᝮޑ ࡌǶ
ځᓄ, 侬మжಭ䛳ޑ䠁
ืᥟ勧ᆄځᓄ, 侚侬Α㚚Ԗ፪ޑਸਢٯ, మж (1644–1911) ޑ
ಭ䛳Ƕ㤄㚚ਢٯ㞄ԖཀࡘǴӢ䜀మර侖䜀ࢂ㛱ੇࢩޜ 剷όག䞅፪ޑǴӢԜд䜹ֹӄ۹ౣΑಭ勷ୱǶд䞄ݙޑࢂΜ ΖШ䵣, ջύ㡚ࡪ俦ς䶈㚸ੇӣᄖΚໆޑ㟭ࢤǶځᓄϟ䶆Α όӕ㧵ࠠޑಭಬ, ϩΑ䭣ࢪΓࡌಭᢨޑࡹǶҁക㤆㞄䞄ݙ Α㥾乣ޑࡌǶ
ځᓄ, మරಭ喘䱆
ҁക喕啴啮喐ǵځᓄ喙ǵε㥐ᑫښు啮ǵձ喔٣ٯ喑啬喵మ ර (1644–1911) 喘ಭ喕ข㧀喼啬喐喵Ƕ 啽喘٣ٯ喙ǵ喕ᑫښు
啮喬喘喒喔喵Ƕ喔喆啵喒啮啰喒ǵ喕ǵమ喙ੇࢩޜ໔喕ᑫښ 喼喍喐啮喔喍啵喍喉ǵ喒ق啰喲啰喕ǵ喕ǵԵ啲喳営喐啴 喴ǵ喇営喰啲喕ǵಭ喔喓喘ϩഁ喙ǵཷ喗คຎ啿営喐啷喉啵喳 喑啬喵Ƕځᓄ喙 18 Шइ喕ǵ喃喔喹喋ύ㡚啶ǵࡽ喕ੇ啵喳ࡕଏ 喁喐啮喉ਔය喕ข㧀喼啬喐喵Ƕ ۶喙䃫莔喔嗠嗅嗸喘ಭ喼ಏϟ喁ǵ 㵋ԀΓ喉喋啶ಭ܌喼ҥ喁喉ࡹݯ㠎ݩ喼ϩ喃喵Ƕ 啽喘ക喑 喙ǵ喕ǵैᝮࡌ喼ݙຎ喃喵Ƕ
㧊₆ⰒG(ځᓄ), 㼃⋮⧒㫆㍶㠛 (ಭ) 㦮㩚
㧊 㧻㠦㍲㧊₆Ⱂ㦖 ⰺ㤆 䦻⹎⫃ἶ 䔏⼚䞲 ㌂⪖㧎 㼃⋮⧒G(1644–
1911) 㢫㫆 㔲₆㦮 㫆㍶㠛㠦 㽞㩦㦚 ⰴ㿮┺. 㧊 ㌂⪖⓪ 䔏䧞
䦻⹎⪲㤊ộ㧎◆, ⁎㧊㥶⓪㧒㩗㦒⪲㼃㫆⓪䟊㌗㴓㠦ὖ㕂㦚 Ṗ㰖㰖 㞠㞚 ῗ⁏㩗㦒⪲ 㫆㍶㠛ὒ ṯ㦖 ὖ⩾ 㟒⯒ 㔶ἓ 㝆㰖
Abstracts 257 㞠㞮┺ἶṚ㭒♮㠞₆➢ⶎ㧊┺. 㧊₆Ⱂ㦖 18 ㎎₆, 㯟㭧ῃ㧊㧊⹎
䟊㌗㦒⪲䎆 䤚䑊䟞┺ἶ 㞢⩺㰚 㔲₆㠦 㽞㩦㦚 ⰴ㿮┺. ⁎⓪
┺㟧䞲㫛⮮㦮㍶㦚㏢Ṳ䞮ἶⰢ㭒㧎✺㧊㫆㍶㏢⯒㍺Ⱃ䞮Ợ♲ 㩫䂮㌗䢿㦚㍳䞲┺. 㧊㧻㠦㍲⓪䔏䧞ῆ䞾Ị㫆⯒㭒㔲䞲┺. Wim DE WINTER, Dining with the Daimyō:
Performative Intercultural Exchange and Border Thinking through Seventeenth Century European-Japanese Banquets
Wim De Winter looks at cultural interactions between Europeans and Japa- nese in seventeenth-century Japan. This sub-chapter provides vivid examples of encounters between Europeans and Japanese, discusses the crucial role of specif- ic ceremonies and symbolic behaviour – banquets as tokens of hospitality were, for example, part and parcel of such intercultural encounters – and various visions of the “Others”.
Wim DE WINTERǴکεӜଆӞ:
17ШइӧВҁቺοޑኻࢪΓکВҁΓՉޑၸำຎ
Wim De Winter ፕΑӧΜΎШइޑВҁ, ኻࢪΓکВҁΓޑЎϯ
Ҭ۳ǶҁЎᖐрΑኻࢪΓکВҁΓϐ໔࣬ၶޑғٯη, ፕΑ
ۓሺԄکຝቻ܄ՉࣁޑᜢᗖբҔ—КӵǴբࣁӳ࠼ᇞޑ, ೭ ᅿЎϯҬ۳ޑѸाϩ—کჹ “дޣ” ޑόӕ࣮ݤǶ
Wim DE WINTERǴکεӜଆӞ卅:
17 Ш䵣ӧВҁቺοޑ㢺ࢪΓکВҁΓ僳Չ㜘ޑ㠤ำ佦
Wim De Winter 侚侬ΑӧΜΎШ䵣ޑВҁ, 㢺ࢪΓکВҁΓޑЎϯ
Ҭ۳ǶҁЎ䜁рΑ㢺ࢪΓکВҁΓϐ剷࣬ၶޑғ㜥ٯη, 侚侬Α
ۓ䜷Ԅکຝ۴܄Չ䜀ޑ䞄刔բҔ—КӵǴբ䜀ӳ࠼䪌דޑ㜘, 㤄 ᳪЎϯҬ۳ޑѸाϩ—ک㛱 “дޣ” ޑόӕ࣮ݤǶ
Wim DE WINTER, εӜ喒喘१٣:
17 Шइ㾇οВҁ喕啴啻喵嘉嘙嘎嗤嗲Γ喒ВҁΓ啶рৢ喁喉ৢ
喼೯喁喐喘ሺԄ嘘ሺ㝣ޑ喔ЎϯҬࢬ喕喎啮喐
嗇嗄嘁嘘嗨嘘嗇嗄嘔嗠嘙喙ǵ17 ШइВҁ喕啴啻喵嘉嘙嘎嗤嗲Γ 喒ВҁΓ喘ЎϯҬࢬ喼Եჸ喃喵Ƕ 啽喘ക喑喙ǵ嘉嘙嘎嗤嗲Γ喒 ВҁΓ喒喘р㜘啮喘ᗲܴ喔ٯ喼ගٮ喁ǵۓ喘ሺԄ單ຝ㾈ޑ喔 Չ喘ख़ा喔אപ喼ᄽ善喵ǵٯ啲喚ǵ౦Ўϯ໔喘р㜘啮喘ᕉ
Abstracts 258
喒喔喵࠼Γ喼喬喐喔喃喁喵喁喒喁喐ৢ單Ȩдޣȩ喕䁥喃喵啮 喷啮喷喔ှ優喔喓喼ፕ善喵Ƕ
Wim DE WINTER, ┺㧊㢖㦮㔳㌂:
17 ㎎₆☚䈶Ṗ㢖㧒⽎㠦㍲㦮㥶⩓㧎ὒ㧒⽎㧎㧊㺎㍳䞲㡆䣢㠦㍲
㧊⬾㠊㰚㦮⪖㩗㧎ⶎ䢪ᾦ⮮㠦ὖ䞮㡂G
Wim De Winter⓪ 17 ㎎₆㧒⽎㠦㍲㧊⬾㠊㰚㥶⩓㧎ὒ㧒⽎㧎㦮
ⶎ䢪 ᾦ⮮⯒ἶ㺆䞲┺. 㧊 㧻㠦㍲⓪㥶⩓㧎ὒ㧒⽎㧎ὒ㦮Ⱒ⋾㦮
㌳㌳䞲㡞⯒ 㩲Ὃ䞮ἶ䔏㩫 㦮㔳ὒ㌗㰫㩗㧎䟟☯—㡞⪲㍲㏦┮
╖㩧㦮 䚲䡚㦒⪲㍲㦮 㡆䣢⓪ ⁎⩂䞲 ┺ⶎ䢪Ṛ㦮 Ⱒ⋾㦮 㧒䢮㧊㠞┺—㦮㭧㣪㎇, “䌖㧦” 㠦╖䞲┺㟧䞲䟊㍳㦚⏒䞲┺. Fabricio A. FONSECA, The Chinese Initiative for a Twenty-first Century Maritime Silk Road: Opportunities and Challenges for Latin America The inclusion of leaders from Latin America in the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, on May 2017, and the admission of some Latin American countries as prospective non-regional members of the Asian Infra- structure Investment Bank, demonstrate the Chinese government’s intention to look at the region as a natural extension of the Twenty-first Century Maritime Silk Road. This paper analyzes the implications for Latin America derived from the possible expansion of the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), taking also into consideration the evolution of the initiative, some of the motivations be- hind it, and its gradual institutionalization. A brief historical analysis is also in place to demonstrate the potential of transformation offered by China, after centuries of bilateral trade being carried mainly through the intermediation of Western powers. Despite offering important opportunities for economic coop- eration and growth, the expansion of the new maritime silk road into the region still needs to address different challenges at all levels and has considerable room for improvement.
Fabricio A. FONSECA, ύ୯ಃΒΜШइੇํᆞϐၡޑঀ:
ऍޑᐒၶᆶࡷᏯ
2017 ԃ 5 Дύ୯ᗎፎऍࢪሦᏤΓୖу୯ሞӝբޑၡፕ
Ꮭ, ٠ௗય٤ऍࢪ୯ৎբࣁ٥ࢪ୷ᘵࡼၗሌՉޑୱ ԋ, ೭߄ܴύ୯ࡹ۬Ԗཀஒ၀ӦຎࣁಃΒΜШइੇํᆞϐ ၡޑԾฅۯ՜ǶҁЎϩΑύ୯ၡঀᘉǴϷځჹऍ ޑቹៜ, ԂԵቾډ၀ঀޑᄽᡂǵځङࡕޑᐒ, аϷѬᅌޑڋ ࡋϯǶ൳ঁШइаٰǴύ୯ऍᚈᜐຩܰЬा೯ၸՋБӈமޑҸ
Abstracts 259 ϟԶՉǴҁЎΨᙁाӦ೯ၸᐕўϩٰҢύ୯܌ගٮޑᙯࠠ
ወΚǶᏃᆅၡঀࣁᔮӝբکቚߏගٮΑख़ाޑᐒ, ՠ ஒཥޑੇํᆞϐၡᘉεډ၀ୱǴϝฅሡाӧӚঁቫԛय़ჹό ӕޑࡷᏯ, ٠ԖࡐεޑׯᎩӦǶ
Fabricio A. FONSECA, ύ㡚ಃΒΜШ䵣ੇ䛶䶱ϐၡޑঀ侠:
ऍޑᤵၶᢳࡷ㥾
2017 ԃ 5 Дύ㡚ᗎ俩ऍࢪ勷䤐Γ㡌у㡚劤ӝբޑ䥨ၡ侬 䢋, Ԃௗ䵬٤ऍࢪ㡚ৎբ䜀䜦ࢪ୷䲈侰ࡼ偙凜Չޑ㛂ୱ ԋ䠑, 㤄߄ܴύ㡚ࡹ۬Ԗཀ㩲俗Ӧ㛂佦䜀ಃΒΜШ䵣ੇ䛶䶱ϐ ၡޑԾฅۯ՜ǶҁЎϩΑύ㡚䥨ၡঀ侠䧣䦄ǴϷځ㛱ऍ ޑቹ㥀, ԂԵ仵ډ俗ঀ侠ޑᄽ䠃ǵځङӟޑ㜥ᤵ, аϷѬ䭍僳ޑڋ ࡋϯǶΗ㚚Ш䵣а䗂Ǵύ㡚ऍ㛇㝨偍ܰЬा೯㠤ՋБӈ㳾ޑҸ ϟԶ僳ՉǴҁЎΨ䳾ाӦ೯㠤㛅ўϩ䗂Ңύ㡚܌ගٮޑ傶ࠠ
䃽ΚǶ㝀ᆅ䥨ၡঀ侠䜀䶈䬵ӝբکቚ剟ගٮΑख़ाޑᤵ㜘, ՠ 㩲ཥޑੇ䛶䶱ϐၡ䧣εډ俗㛂ୱǴϝฅሡाӧӚ㚚䤞ԛय़㛱ό ӕޑࡷ㥾, ԂԖࡐεޑׯ僳էӦǶ
Fabricio A. FONSECA, 21 Шइੇࢩ嗘嘌嗐嘎嘙嗪喘喉喫喘ύ㡚喘嗅
嗬嗘嗃嗢嗷Ǻύࠄԯ喘ᐒ㜘喒ፐᚒ
2017 ԃ 5 Д喕໒啿営喉㡚ሞڐΚ喘喉喫喘Ȩ㩿ၡȩ嗶嗊嘙
嘊嘁喕嘊嗧嘔嘘嗃嘂嘋嗌喘ࡰᏤޣ喼֖喫喵啽喒喒ǵ嗃嗙嗃嘘嗅 嘔嗶嘊ၗሌՉ喘㩲䗂喘ߚӦୱ嘂嘔嗱嘙喒喁喐ύࠄԯፏ㡚喘
喼ᇡ喫喵啽喒喙ǵύ㡚ࡹ۬啶ǵ 21 Шइ喘ੇࢩ嗘嘌嗐嘎嘙嗪喘 Ծฅ喘ۯߏӦ喒喁喐ǵ啽喘Ӧୱ喼ـ喔喁喐啮喵啽喒喼ܴ喳啵喕 Ң喁喐啮喵Ƕҁക喑喙ǵࡰᏤΚ喘໒ǵ喇喘ङࡕ喕啬喵ᐒǵ 啴喲喝৪莔喕Չ喁喐啮喵ڋࡋϯ喼Եቾ喁喔啶喳ǵύ㡚喘Ȩ
㩿ၡᄬགྷȩBelt and Road Initiative (BRI) 喘㢞ε喘ёૈ܄啵喳Ꮴ啷 р啿営喵嘊嗧嘔嘘嗃嘂嘋嗌喢喘ቹៜ喼ϩ喃喵Ƕ൳Шइ喕喬喹 喉喵Β㡚໔ຩܰ啶Ь喕Ջ㢺ፏ㡚喘Ҹϟ喼೯喂喐Չ喹営喉ࡕ喕ǵ ύ㡚啶ගٮ喃喵㥐ॠ喘ёૈ܄喼Ң喃喉喫喕ǵ㾹ўޑϩ喬ǵᙁ ߡ喕Չ啰Ƕ㱃㯹ڐΚ喒ԋߏ喘喉喫喘ख़ा喔ᐒ㜘喼ගٮ喁喐啮喵 喕喬啵啵喹喳善ǵཥ喁啮ੇ嗘嘌嗐嘎嘙嗪啶啽喘Ӧୱ喢㢞ε喃 喵啽喒喕䁥喁喐ǵ啬喳喰喵嘍嗺嘌喑౦喔喵ፐᚒ喕ڗ喴ಔ喪Ѹा
啶啬喴ǵׯ๓喃喣啷էӦ啶啵喔喴啬喵喘喑啬喵Ƕ
Abstracts 260
Fabricio A. FONSECA, 21 ㎎₆䟊㟧㔺䋂⪲✲㠦╖䞲㭧ῃ㦮㭒☚ῢ: 㭧⋾⹎㦮₆䣢㢖☚㩚
2017⎚ 5㤪㠦 Ṳ㾲♲ ῃ㩲 䡧⩻㦚 㥚䞲 “㧒╖㧒⪲G(㩿ၡ)”
䙂⩒㠦⧒䕊 㞚ⲪⰂ䃊㦮Ⰲ▪✺㦚 䙂䞾䞮ἶ㞚㔲㞚㧎䝚⧒䒂㧦 㦖䟟㦮 㧶㩫㩗 㰖㡃 ῂ㎇㤦㦒⪲ ⳝⳝ 㭧⋾⹎ ῃṖ⯒ 㧎㩫䞲
㌂㔺㦖㭧ῃ㩫Ṗ 21 ㎎₆䟊㟧㔺䋂⪲✲㦮㧦㡆㩗㡆㧻㍶㌗㠦㍲
㧊 㰖㡃㦚 㭒㔲䞮ἶ 㧞㦢㦚 ⳛ䧞 ⽊㡂㭒ἶ 㧞┺. 㧊 㧻㠦㍲⓪
㭧ῃ㦮㧒╖㧒⪲ῂ㌗G(BRI) 㦮 䢫╖Ṗ⓻㎇㦒⪲䎆☚㿲♲⧒䕊
㞚ⲪⰂ䃊㦮㦮⹎⯒㍳䞮⓪◆, ⁎⩂䞲㭧ῃ㭒☚ῢ㦮㩚ἓ⪲㢖
⁎ ⛺㠦 㑾㠊㧞⓪ ⳝ Ṗ㰖 ☯₆, ⁎ộ㦮 㩦㩚㩗㧎 㩲☚䢪⯒
ἶ⩺䞲┺. Ṛ┾䞲㡃㌂㩗㍳㦚䐋䟊㑮㎎₆㠦Ỏ㼦㍲ῃṖ㦮 㭧㨂⯒䐋䟊㟧ῃṚ㠦ⶊ㡃㧊㧊⬾㠊㰚䤚㠦㭧ῃ㧊㩲㔲䞲⼖䡗㦮 Ṗ⓻㎇㦚⽊㡂㭚ộ㧊┺. ἓ㩲䡧⩻ὒ㎇㧻㦚㥚䞲㭧㣪䞲₆䣢⯒
㩲Ὃ䞮ἶ㧞㦢㠦☚ῂ䞮ἶ㌞⪲㤊䟊㌗㔺䋂⪲✲Ṗ㧊㰖㡃㦒⪲
䢫╖䞮⓪ộ㦖⳾✶㑮㭖㠦㍲ 㩲₆♮⓪┺㟧䞲ⶎ㩲✺㦚⏒䞮ἶ Ṳ㍶䟊㟒䞶㡂㰖ṖⰤ㧊㧞┺.
