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Lucas-Preis

2014

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Anziehung und Abstoßung

Juden und Christen in den ersten Jahrhunderten

ihrer Begegnung

von

Peter Schäfer

Übersetzungen von Paul Silas Peterson

Herausgegeben von Jürgen Kampmann

Mohr Siebeck

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ISBN 978-3-16-153990-9 / eISBN 978-3-16-160792-9 unveränderte eBook-Ausgabe 2021

Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deut schen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte biblio graphi - sche Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar.

© 2015 Mohr Siebeck Tübingen.

Alle Rechte vorbehalten. All rights reserved.

Das Buch wurde von niemeyers satz in Schrattenberg/Österreich aus der Bembo gesetzt und von Gulde-Druck in Tübingen ge - druckt.

Peter Schäfer, geboren 1943; 1968 Promotion; 1973 Habilitation;

1983–2008 Professor für Judaistik an der Freien Uni versität Ber- lin; 1998–2013 Ronald O. Perel man Professor of Jewish Studies und Professor of Religion an der Princeton University; seit 2014 Direktor des Jüdischen Museums Berlin.

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Inhalt

Peter Schäfer Anziehung und Abstoßung /

Attraction and Repulsion Seite 6

Anmerkungen / Notes Seite 70

Jürgen Kampmann Ansprache bei der Verleihung des Dr. Leopold Lucas-Preises 2014 / Address at the Award Ceremony of the

2014 Dr. Leopold Lucas Prize Seite 76

Anmerkungen / Notes Seite 114 Die bisherigen Preisträger

Seite 119

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Attraction and Repulsion Jews and Christians

in the First Centuries of Their Encounter by

Peter Schäfer

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Anziehung und Abstoßung Juden und Christen

in den ersten Jahrhunderten ihrer Begegnung von

Peter Schäfer

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O

ne of the most important independent writings of Leopold Lucas, one which he wrote as a rabbi of the tradition-steeped Jewish congregation of Glogau, was the study published in 1910 titled The History of the Jews in the Fourth Century.1The webpage of the Faculty of Protestant Theology at the Uni - versity of Tübingen states correctly about this rela- tively short but very concise and informative study:

»The work has not been made obsolete to this day and it is a landmark for the study of the tense rela- tionship between Judaism and Christianity in the post-Constantine period. The balanced and objec- tive judgment of the author gives the study its lasting value.« The outstanding character of the study is exemplified by the fact that it made, for the first time in a systematic and comprehensive way, the writings of the church fathers fruitful for this indeed tense relationship between Jews and Christians. Further - more, the study did not draw upon detached theo- retical considerations but worked solely and directly from the original sources. I feel closely connected not only to this area of research, but also, in particu- lar, to this methodology; I thus feel greatly honored

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E

ine der wichtigsten selbständigen Schriften von Leopold Lucas, die er als Rabbiner der traditi- onsreichen jüdischen Gemeinde Glogau verfasste, war die 1910 veröffentlichte Studie Zur Geschichte der Juden im vierten Jahrhundert.1Mit Recht heißt es auf der Website der Evangelisch-Theologischen Fakul tät der Universität Tübingen über diese relativ kurze, aber höchst prägnante und informative Stu - die: »Das Werk ist bis heute nicht überholt und ein Markstein für die Erforschung des spannungsvollen Verhält nis ses zwischen Judentum und Christentum in der nachkonstantinischen Zeit. Das abgewogene sachliche Urteil des Verfassers verleiht der Studie ihren bleibenden Wert.« Das Besondere dieser Studie besteht darin, dass sie erstmals in systema - tischer und umfassender Weise die Schriften der Kirchenväter für dieses in der Tat spannungsvolle Verhältnis zwischen Juden und Christen fruchtbar macht, und zwar nicht in abgehobenen theore - tischen Erwägungen, sondern ausschließlich und direkt aus den Originalquellen erarbeitet. Ich fühle mich nicht nur diesem Forschungsgebiet, sondern gerade auch dieser Arbeitsweise eng verbunden und

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to receive a prize which is dedicated to the memory of Leopold Lucas.

Leopold Lucas’s book was a pioneering work in 1910, one which had a limited effect and was soon to be overtaken by the growing anti-Semitism and National Socialism. Of course, there were, now and again, dispersed individual studies on the relation- ship between Judaism and Christianity which included the church fathers,2 but most authors assumed that the separation of Christians and Jews happened once and for all sometime in the first or early second century C. E. (the English technical term for this is »The Parting of the Ways«, as was succinctly formulated in the title of a book by James J. D. Dunn from 19913) and that after this separation two different religions established themselves with increasingly intensifying mutual hostility. Accumu - lative resistance was formed against this old and long-lasting paradigm at the end of the twentieth century; a tentative climax was reached in a volume published in 2003 (edited by my Princeton students Adam Becker and Annette Reed) with the no less programmatic, indeed, provocative title The Ways that Never Parted.4It is the basic premise of this vol- ume that the theory about the allegedly early and final separation of the two religions follows an overly simplistic and methodologically highly questionable model. Instead of prematurely tying down rigid and

Attraction and Repulsion

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