IIASA COLLABORATIVE PROCEEDINGS SERIES
EUTROPHICATION OF SHALLOW LAKES:
MODELING
AND MANAGEMENT
IlASA COLLABORATIVE PROCEEDINGS SERIES
LARGE-SCALE LINEAR PROGRAMMING Proceedings of an IlASA Workshop
G.B. Dantzig, M.A.H. Dernpster, and M J . Kallio, Edimn
THE SHINKANSEN PROGRAM: TRANSPORTATION, RAILWAY, ENVIRON- MENTAL, REGIONAL, AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ISSUES
A. Strauak, Edimr
HUMAN SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS: SPATIAL PATTERNS AND TRENDS Selected Papers from an IlASA Conference
T. Kawarhirna and P. Koreelli, Editors RISK: A SEMINAR SERIES H. Kunreuther, Editor
THE OPERATION OF MULTIPLE RESERVOIR SYSTEMS Proceedings of an lnternational Workshop, Jodlowy Dwor. Poland 2 . Kaczrnarek and J. Kindler, Editon
NONPOINT NITRATE POLLUTION OF MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY SOURCES: ISSUES OF ANALYSIS AND CONTROL
Proceedings of an IlASA Task Force Meeting K.-H. Zwirnrnann, Editor
MODELING AGRICULTURAL-ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES IN CROP PRODUCTION
Proceedings of an IlASA Task Force Meeting G. Golubev and I. Shvytov, Editon
LIQUEFIED ENERGY GASES FACILITY SITING: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS
H. Kunreuther, J. Linnerooth, and R. Sterner, Editors ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS IN GLOBAL MODELING Proceeding of the 7th IIASA Symposium on Global Modeling G. Bruckrnann, Editor
PROGRESS IN NONDIFFERENTIABLE OPTIMIZATION E.A. Nurminski, Editor
INNOVATION POLICY AND COMPANY STRATEGY H. Maier and J. Robinson. Editors
THE KINK1 INTEGRATED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Y. Sawaragi and A. Straszak, Editon
EUROPEAN AND UNITED STATES CASE STUDIES IN APPLICATION OF THE CREAMS MODEL
V. Svetlosanov and W.G. Knisel, Editors
MULTIOBJECTIVE AND STOCHASTIC OPTIMIZATION Proceedings of an IlASA Task Force Meeting
M. Grauer. A. Lewandowski, and A.P. Wierzbicki. Editors
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS A Selection of Papers Presented at a Conference held in Srnolenice, CSSR G. Golubev, Editor
INPUT-OUTPUT MODELING
Proceedings of the Third I IASA Task Force Meeting M. Grassini and A. Srnyshlyaev, Editors
EUTROPHICATION OFSHALLOW LAKES: MODELING AND MANAGEMENT.
THE LAKE SALATON CASE STUDY Proceedings of an International Workshop L. SornlyMy. S. Herodek, and J. Fischer, Editors
EUTROPHICATION OF SHALLOW LAKES:
MODELING
The Lake Balaton Case Study Proceedings of a Workshop Organized by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, IIASA, the Hungarian National Water Authority, and the Hungarian Committee for Applied Systems Analysis,
29 August-3 September 1982, Veszprbm, Hungary
Edited by L. Somly6dy
in collaboration with S. Herodek and J. Fischer
IN'TERNA'TIONAL INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS Laxenburg, Austria
1983
International Standard Book Number 3-7045-0065-8
Volumes in the IlASA Collaborative Proceedings Series contain papers offered at l l ASA professional meetings, and are designed t o be issued promptly, with a minimum of editing and review.
The views or opinions expressed in this volume do not necessarily represent those of the lnstitute or the National Member Organizations that support it.
Copyright O 1983 International lnstitute for Applied Systems Analysis A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
PREFACE
Man-made e u t r o p h i c a t i o n o f l a k e s c a u s e d c o n s i d e r a b l e w a t e r q u a l i t y problems i n many c o u n t r i e s d u r i n g t h e p a s t 10-15 y e a r s . The I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e f o r A p p l i e d Sys- tems A n a l y s i s / I I A S A / i n i t i a t e d a program on s t u d y i n g t h e e u t r o p h i c a t i o n o f s h a l l o w l a k e s . The phenomenon o f e u t r o - p h i c a t i o n i s more i r r e g u l a r in c h a r a c t e r and l e s s s a t i s -
f a c t o r i l y u n d e r s t o o d f o r s h a l l o w w a t e r b o d i e s t h a n t h a t f o r d e e p l a k e s . The r e s e a r c h was f o c u s s e d on Lake B a l a t o n a s t h e s u b j e c t o f a c a s e s t u d y . T h e r e were t h r e e main c o n - s i d e r a t i o n s which promoted t h e s e l e c t i o n o f Lake B a l a t o n a s c a s e s t u d y :
/ i / f a i r l y h i g h amount of d a t a was a v a i l a b l e a l r e a d y a t t h e b e g i n n i n g , d u e t o the p r e c e d i n g Hungarian
r e s e a r c h a c t i v i t i e s ,
/ i i / t h e l a k e p o s s e s s e s t h e " t y p i c a l " p r o p e r t i e s o f s h a l l o w l a k e s i n many r e s p e c t s ,
/ i i i / s e r i o u s economic i n t e r e s t s a r e a s s o c i a t e d t o t h e s o l u t i o n o f t h e e u t r o p h i c a t i o n problem o f Lake B a l a t o n a n d s o s e v e r a l " p r a c t i c a l " q u e s t i o n s had t o b e answered, i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e p u r e " s c i e n t i f i c "
i s s u e s .
The f o l l o w i n g i n s t i t u t i o n s w e r e i n v o l v e d i n t h e c o o p e r a t i v e r e s e a r c h : IIASA, t h e Hungarian Academy o f
S c i e n c e s , t h e N a t i o n a l Water A u t h o r i t y a n d t h e r e s e a r c h
