Youth unemployment and inactivity
Acomparison of school-to-work transitions and labour market outcomes in four Nordic countries
Karsten Albsek, Rita Asplund, Erling Barth, Lena Lindahl, Kristine von Simson and Pekka Vanhala
TemaNord 2015:548
Contents
Introduction 7
Increasing focus on school-to-work transitions 7
Key features of the study. 10
Structure and content of the present report 12 1. Performance of young people - an international perspective 17
1.1 Setting the stage 17
1.2 Snapshot of recent Nordic comparative studies 20 1.3 The Nordic story told by international comparative indicators 21 2. General description of post-compulsory-school activities 37
2.1 The national datasets used 37
2.2 Main activities of young people - the overall pattern 41 2.3 Non-completers - an introductory view 65 2.4 Individual school-to-work profiles - a general picture 76 3. School-to-work trajectories: country-specific Cluster results 89 3.1 The Cluster analysis method - a brief outline 89 3.2 Country-specific Cluster results: all young people 98 3.3 Country-specific Cluster results: non-completers 113 4. School-to-work trajectories: common Nordic Cluster results 129 4.1 Common Nordic trajectories and Clusters: all young people 130 4.2 Common Nordic trajectories and Clusters: non-completers 136 5. Non-completers' school-to-work trajectories: stylized Cluster results 147
6. Labour market outcomes as young adults 171
6.1 Main activities beyond age 21 - all young people 171 6.2 Main activities beyond age 21 - young men vs. young women 181 6.3 Main activities beyond age 21 - completers vs. non-completers 190 6.4 Main activities beyond age 21 - late completion vs. non-completion 210 7. Labour market outcomes in view of background 223
7.1 Gender and labour market outcomes 223
7.2 Cohort and labour market outcomes 227
7.3 Family background and labour market outcomes 232 7.4 Early pathways through education and labour market outcomes 241
8. Summary and discussion 273
References 279
Sammanfattning 285
Appendix: Descriptions of national datasets used 293
Finland 294 293
Norway 295
Sweden 296
