(
HI-1063B April 1979
aze Ine •
VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINAL REFERENCE MAN UAL
Hazeltine
CorporationCompuler Peripheral EqUipmenl Greenlawn NY I 1740 (516) 549-8800
Telex 96-1435
HI-l063B SAFETY SUMMARY
WARNING I
Dangerous voltages (15,000 vdc and 115 vac) are present in the Video Display Terminal and may remain present in the monitor circuits after power is removed. Use caution when working on internal circuits. Do not work alone.
Use caution (eg, wear safety glasses) when handling the cath- ode-ray tube to avoid risk of implosion. The internal phos- phor coating is toxic. If the cathode-ray tube breaks and skin or eyes are exposed to this phosphor, rinse with water and consult a physician.
This manual is published and distributed by Hazeltine Corporation, Computer Terminal Equipment Product Line. The information presented herein may not reflect latest changes in the product. Confirmation and any required clarification of this
information can be obtained from Hazeltine.
Warning: This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance wl~ the instructions manual, mlilY cause 11;1·
terference to radio communications. As temporarily permitted by regulation it has not been tested for compliance with the limits for Class A computing devices pursuant to Sub- part J of Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference. Operation of this equipment in a residentilil area is likely to cause interference In which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct·the interference.
Section 1 2
3
4
5
6
CONTENTS
Introduction .
Installation . . • . . • • . • . . 2.1 Set-up and Connections. . . .
2.1.1 Interface Connection .~ . • 2.2.2 Power Cords. . . . . 2.2.3 Cleaning. . • . • . . . 2 . 2 Turn On and Warm Up . . . . .
2.2.1 Power Turn-On. . • . . . • 2 .2.2 Warm-Up. . . . Keyboard and Controls. . . . • . . . • . • 3.1 Front Panel Switches. . • . . . • 3.1.1 General. . • . • . . • . . . . 3.1.2 Front Panel Switches .
3.1.3 cursor Control Cluster.
Operation. . • . . . .
4.1 Introduction. . . . .
4.2 Operation in Full Duplex. . . . . 4.3 Operation in Half Duplex. • . • • 4.4 Scrolling • . . . • . . . • • . . . • . . 4.5 Operation in Format Mode • • . • • • . . • 4.6 Printer Buffer. . . • • . • . . . . • 4.6.1 Switch Controls. . . • . • 4.6.2 Print. • . • . . • . . • • 4.6.3 On-Line Print Modes . . • •
4.6.4 Printer Interface • .
4.7 Remote Commands. . • . . • . • . . • 4.7.1 General . . . . 4.7.2 Commands • • . . • .
4.8 Timing Considerations Communications Interface •
Page 1-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-2 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-12
4-1 4-1 4-1 4-1 4-2 4-2 4-7 4-7 4-8 4-9 4-10 4-13 4-13 4-14 4-24 5-1 5.1 ASCII . . • . • . . . • · . • 5-1 5.2 Asynchronous Data . . . • •
5.3 Full Duplex/Half Duplex.
5.4 EIA Interface . • . . . • . 5.5 Current Loop Interface . •
5.6 Hardwired Interface.
5.7 Data Sets . • . .
5.7.1 103A Modem . . . • . . . 5.7.2 202 Modem.
. .5-1 5-1
· . . 5-2 5-3
. . . .
5-4 . • • • 5-5· . • 5-5 5-5 Technical Summary. . .
. . .
6-1i
Appendixes I II III IV
Figure 2-1 3-1 3-2 4-1 5-1
Table 3-1
HI-l063B APPENDIXES
ASCII Character Code Chart for Hazeltine 1520. . . .
Cursor Address Chart. • • • •
Summary of Remote Commands • • • • • • • • Programming Example • • • • • • • • • • •
ILLUSTRATIONS
Hazeltine 1520 Terminal, Rear View • • • • Legend Plate (Under Access Panel) • • • • Keyboard Controls (for reference only). • • • Parallel Printer Interface. • . . • • Current Loop Interface • • • • • . • • .
TABLES
Transmitted Characters in Half and Full Duplex Operation • • • • • • • • • • • •
I-I I-I 11-1 111-1 IV-l
Page 2-2 3-2 3-2 4-12 5-4
Page 3-8
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION
The Hazeltine 1520 Video Display Terminal (also referred to as the Hazeltine 1520), is a product of advanced microprocessor technology, which offers quiet, reliable, .and economic opera- tion to the user. The expanded set of features, all standard on the Hazeltine 1520, are normally found only in CRT's of greater cost. Speed, silence, and flexibility, coupled with the operator-oriented features of the Hazeltine 1520 improve the efficiency of both the software and programmer in data input/output operations. The terminal can also be· made com- patible with European voltages and frequencies.
This manual describes the operation and features of the Hazeltine 1520. It provides programming and application in- formation for programmers and system designers. If addi-
tional technical assistance is needed, contact your Hazeltine representative.
Hazeltine Corporation
Computer Terminal Equipment Greenlawn, New York 11740 Tel: (516) 549-8800
Telex: 96-1435
1-1
HI-1063B SECTION 2 INSTALLATION 2.1 SET-UP AND CONNECTIONS
Following unpacking, place the unit so that free air circulates around the rear, base and top. Ensure that cables are free of kinks or tight bends.
2.1.1 Interface Connection
The standard Electronic Industries Association/Current Loop
(EIA/CL) connector (figure 2-1) located on the rear of the unit, provides the connection to the appropriate data set or the
acoustic coupler. The connector has provisions for either volt- age level (EIA RS232) or current loop interface. The Aux Out connector (figure 2-1) allows connection of a serial EIA receive- only device., The printer interface allows connection of either serial or parallel printers.
2.1.2 Power Cords
Power cords must be plugged into properly grounded power out- lets. Do not use adapters which would prevent the terminal unit from being properly grounded.
2.1.3 Cleaning
Dirt and smudges can be removed from the cabinet with any number of common household spray cleaners and a soft cloth. The face- plate should be cleaned only with a soft, damp cloth or tissue to avoid scratching.
2.2 TURN ON AND WARM UP
A display unit brought in from a substantially colder environ- ment should be allowed at least a one-hour warm up period to reach room temperature prior to power turn-on.
2.2.1 Power Turn-On
A power-on slide switch is located at the rear of the terminal.
When power is on, the POWER ON indicator located on the key-
board is l i t . Allow at least 15 seconds to elapse between power off and power on in the event of unit power recycling. If the
PRINTER
CONNECTOR_ ...
CIRCUIT BREAKER ON/OFF SWITCH
77J0109
Figure 2-1. Hazeltine 1520 Terminal, Rear View POWER ON indicator does not light, the terminal should be turned off. After 15 seconds depress the red circuit breaker located in the rear, next to the power switch, and again apply power to the terminal. If the POWER ON indicator still does not light, turn power off and call your authorized service rep- resentative.
2.2.2 Warm Up
Allow 30 seconds for display warm up. At the end of this period the terminal is ready to operate.
a. If extraneous data appears and/or the cursor is not displayed in the upper left corner (HOME), depress the RESET key
followed by the HOME and CLEAR keys located on the keyboard.
If after depressing the RESET and CLEAR keys, proper display/
operation is still not obtained, turn the power off, wait 30 seconds, and turn power on again. If proper operation is still not obtained, contact your authorized service representative.
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HI-1063B
b. If the cursor does not appear after the display has warmed up for a reasonable time (no more than three minutes>
and the power indicator is l i t , adjust the contrast control lo- cated under the access panel on the top of the keyboard (see section 3.1.1). If the cursor still does not appear, turn the . power off and contact your authorized service representative.
SECTION 3
KEYBOARD AND CONTROLS 3.1 FRONT PANEL SWITCHES
3.1.1 General
Twenty-three switches used for selecting the operating charac- teristics of the Hazeltine 1520 are accessible to the operator without having to open or remove power from the terminal. To gain access to these switches, remove the front access panel engraved with the POWER ON legend by lifting up the catches lo- cated on each side of the panel. Replacement of the panel is accomplished by placing i t in the recessed area with the power on indicator on the left, and gently pressing each catch into position. The function of each switch and function key is described in the paragraphs that follow. The legend plate is visible when the access panel is removed (see figures 3-1 and 3-2) •
3.1.2 Front Panel Switches a. Baud Rate
The communication speed is selected by sliding the switch next to the desired baud rate forward to the ON position.
Only one switch for each baud rate is allowed to be in the ON position. Eight speeds ranging from 110 baud to 19,200 baud are available. A ninth speed (600 baud) is available by placing the 1200 baud switch to the OFF (rear) position and all other switches to the ON position.
b. Parity
Four switches are supplied for selecting the parity compatible with the system. Slide the switch next to the desired parity of operation forward to the ON position. Only one switch for parity should be in the ON position. The four parity possi- bilities are:
EVEN Checks for even parity on received data and generates even parity on outgoing data.
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HI-1063B
...J !! LL. LL. LL. LL. (/)
n
...J0:Q..~ l.aJ
2 °
0l.aJ~U::::>O: ~ <tal> 0
I
I BAUO RATE Zo ~O-S!5LL.~l.aJ°
0:&...,..,
O 0 { J Z z oII
~ CONTRAST0
l.aJ 0 o...Jc:r9 ::::>0 l.aJ!;ic:rm
OOOOOx I.I.O U > U...J ~~
o OOON ...JI-...Jo UO:: ~
oooovQ)~·
, PARITY
,l!
~:J en
cno°
=~~~Notcn22 l.aJLL. l.aJ
Figure 3-1. Legend Plate (Under Access Panel)
HONE CLEAR BREAK
RESET+-
OIL IlL ~
t + n
7 8 9 4 5 6
2 3
fa , •
Figure 3-2. Keyboard Controls (for reference only)
ODD
1
Checks for odd parity on received data and generates odd parity on outgoing data.
The parity bit of each character trans- mitted is set to a one. No parity check
is done on received data.
The parity bit of each character trans- mitted is set to a zero. No parity check
is done on received data.
NOTE
If a character is received with a parity error when EVEN or ODD parity is selected, the char- acter will be replaced on the display with a PE symbol.
c. HALF DUP-FULL
(1) FULL (Duplex)
The rear position of this switch selects the full duplex mode of communications which is typically used when the communications system is capable of simultaneous two-way transmission. In this mode, data entered from the keyboard is sent directly to the computer system. Upon reaching the com- puter, the data is typically "echoed" back to the Hazeltine 1520 screen at the discretion of the program (ie, i t may not be de- sirable to echo back special codes, passwords, etc). If modems are used, they must be set for full duplex operation. Only re- ceived or "echoed" data is displayed or acted upon.
(2) HALF (Duplex)
The forward position of this switch selects the half-duplex mode of communications. In this mode, data entered from the keyboard is sent directly to the computer system and is treated as received data by the terminal via an internal connec- tion. Echoing, as in full duplex mode, is not required; if used, i t would likely cause each transmitted character to be displayed twice.
3-3
HI-I063B d. AUTO LF-CR
(I) AUTO LF (Automatic Line Feed)
In the forward position of this switch, all re- ceived carriage returns automatically cause the cursor to move to the first character position of the next line (new line func- tion). Received carriage return codes (ASCII CR column 0, row 13)
are only stored in the display memory in format mode. If
the cursor was on the last displayable character row, received carriage returns will cause the display to scroll (refer to sec- tion 4.4 for a description of scrolling). Received line feed characters (ASCII LF column 0, row 10) are ignored.
(2) CR (Carriage Return)
In the rear position of this switch, received carriage returns move the cursor to the first character position of the same line. The CR code is not stored in the display
memory. Received LF characters move the cursor down one line.
If the cursor was on the last displayable character row, re- ceived Line Feed characters will cause the display to scroll
(refer to section 4.4 for a description of scrolling). Re- ceived LF codes are not stored in the display memory.
e. U/L CASE-UP
(I) UP (Upper case)
The rear position of this switch selects only upper case operation. All lower alpha cha~acters generated from the keyboard are converted to upper case for transmission and display. All received lower case alpha characters are displayed as upper case. In this position, the ALL CAPS key is logically disabled.
(2) U/L CASE (Upper and lower case)
The forward position of this switch selects the full 128 character ASCII codes for transmission and 94 charac- ter alpha/numeric character set for display. In this position, the ALL CAPS key in the down position may be used for upper case operation.
f. STD VIDEO-REV (I) STD VIDEO
The forward position of this switch selects a display of white characters on a black background.
(2) REV (Reverse Video)
The rear position of this switch selects a display of black characters on a white background.
g. EIA-CUR LOOP
Both switches must be positioned for the same se- lection.
(I) EIA
The rear position of these switches selects EIA RS232 communications at the modern interface located on the rear panel.
(2) CUR LOOP
The forward position of these switches selects 20 rnA
current loop communications at the modern interface located on the rear panel.
h. ESC - ~
The remote commands of the Hazeltine 1520 as defined in section 4.5 require a lead-in code to flag the microprocessor that a remote command will follow. The ESC - ~ switch allows the selection of either the ESC code or the ~ code as the lead- in character. The forward position of the switch selects ESC and the rear position selects ~ (tilde).
i. FORMAT
The forward position of this switch overrides half and full duplex and selects format mode operation for keyboard entry and transmission. The format indicator is lit when the Hazeltine 1520 is set for format mode. In format mode data entered on the display can be edited before the contents of the display is
transmitted.
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HI-1063B
j. EOM (2 switches)
The two EOM (End of Message) switches select the character which will be inserted at the end of read cursor ad- dress, function, batch, line and PAGE transmissions to signal the end of message.
Inserted Character No Character CR
EOT ETX k. Wraparound
A OFF ON OFF ON
B OFF ON ON OFF
In the rear position this switch sets the terminal for wraparound mode. In wraparound mode, the cursor is auto- matically positioned to the first position of the next line when
a keyboard or I/O entry is made at the 80th position on the first 23 lines. On the 24th line "scrolling" and wraparound
occur for all entries except keyboard entry in format mode for which the cursor remains in the 80th position.
In the forward position this switch inhibits wrap- around from keyboard and I/O entries at the 80th position of any line. The cursor remains at the 80th position until moved by a carriage return or line feed.
1. Unused Switches
The switch located between CUR LOOP and ESCAPE (fig 3-l) is not used on the Hazeltine 1520.
m. Contrast Control
This control is located to the right of the switch array under the access panel. It allows a wide range of contrast to facilitate viewing ease of the high resolution display.
n. Keyboard
The cursor movement keys, tab key, and all keys and
3-6
key combinations generating ASCII codes operate as typamatic.
Depressing any of these keys for more than 0.75 seconds causes the character of function to repeat at an approximate rate of 15 times/second with transmission at the selected baud rate.
The typamatic feature is designed with a memory that allows the SHIFT and CTRL keys to be released without altering the data after the typamatic feature has been initiated.
The descriptions below define the operation of the particular key depression in format, half duplex or in full duplex mode if "echoing" is being performed by the computer.
Table 3-1 indicates the actual character(s} that is being transmitted. The last two columns of the table give a brief description of the operation described in detail below.
(I) Alphanumeric Cluster
The keys in this cluster generate for trans- mission the ASCII codes (see Appendix I) associated with the en- graved legends shown in figure 3-2. When used in conjunction with the CTRL and SHIFT keys, i t is possible to transmit all 128
codes in the ASCII chart.
(a) ESC (Escape)
When depressed, this key transmits the ESC code (ASCII ESC, column 1 row 11) which is the lead-in code for remote commands if the ESC - ~ switch is in the ESC position.
(b) RUB OUT (DEL)
When depressed, i t causes a character of all "one" bits to be transmitted (ASCII DEL, column 7, row 15).
Usually DEL's are used as "filler" characters when program exe- cution delays are required.
(c) RETURN
The operation of the key in half and full duplex with echo is governed by the AUTO LF-CR switch located
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HI-I063B
Table 3-1. Transmitted Characters in Half and Full Duplex Operation
Key Stroke ESC
RUB OUT (DEL) RETURN LINE FEED SHIFT LINE FEED BACK SPACE SHIFT BACK SPACE ALL CAPS
TAB BREAK RESET HOME CLEAR SHIFT CLEAR CONTROL CLEAR CONTROL-SHIFT CLEAR ALPHANUMERIC FUNCTION
SHIFT t (D/L)
,.
SHIFT ,. (I/L)
Format ESC DEL CR LF None BS DLE None None
(Break Signal) None None None None None None A/N ESC, A/N, End of Message Char.
None None None None None None
Half Duplex ESC DEL CR LF None BS None None HT
(Break Signal) None None None None None None A/N ESC, A/N, End of Message Char.
None None None None None None
Full Duplex ESC DEL CR LF LI, FF BS DLE None HT
(Break Signal) None LI, DC2 LI, FS LI, GS LI, SI LI, CAN A/N ESC, A/N, End of Message Char.
LI, FF LI, DC3 LI, VT LI, SUB BS DLE
LI = Lead In.
Operation in format half duplex or in full duplex if
"echoed"
Transmission Only Transmission Only See Description See Description Cursor Up Cursor Left Cursor Right See Description TAB
Transmission Only;
See Description See Description Cursor Home Clear Screen Clear Foreground Clear-End-of-Line Clear-End-of-Screen See Description See Description
Cursor Up Delete Line Cursor Down Delete Line Cursor Left Cursor Right
Operation in full duplex with no "echo"
Transmission O~ly
Transmission Only Transmission Only Transmission Only Transmission Only Transmission Only Transmission Only See Description Transmission Only Transmission Only;
See Description See Description Transmission Only Transmission Only Transmission Only Transmission Only Transmission Only Transmission Only Transmission Only
Transmission Only Transmission Only Transmission Only Transmission Only Transmission Only Transmission Only
077050
under the access panel. When the AUTO LF-CR switch is in AUTO LF, depressing the RETURN key transmits the carriage return (CR) code and causes the cursor to move to the first character posi- tion of the next line. If the cursor is on the bottom line, scrolling occurs (see Section 4.4). When the AUTO LF-CR switch is in CR, depressing the RETURN key transmits a CR code and causes the cursor to move to the beginning of the same line.
In format mode, depression of CR moves the cursor to the begin- ning of the next line and stores the CR for transmission. On the 24th line, the cursor goes to the beginning of the line and no scroll occurs.
(d) LINE FEED
Operation of this key in half and full duplex is governed by the position of the AUTO LF-CR switch.
With the switch in AUTO LF, depressing LINE FEED key transmits the line feed code but has no effect on the display or cursor position. With the switch in CR, depressing LINE FEED key
transmits the line feed code and causes the cursor to move down one line. If the cursor is on the bottom line, scrolling oc- curs (see Section 4.4). If the LINE FEED key is depressed in conjunction with the SHIFT key, the cursor moves up one line.
In format mode the depression of the line feed key will store the line feed code as a non-displayable character at the cursor position. The cursor will increment as with any other alpha- numeric character.
(e) ALL CAPS
Operates in conjunction with the lower case feature.
When in the up position, the keyboard operates as a standard typewriter. Typed characters are dis- played as lower case; upper case characters or symbols are displayed when the SHIFT key is used simultaneously with the character entry.
3-9
HI-1063B
In the down position, the keyboard operates like a TTY. Alpha characters are only displayed as upper case;
depressing other keys causes the transmission of the unshifted characters.
(f) BACK SPACE
When depressed in half duplex or in full duplex with echo, this key transmits the BS code (ASCII BS, column 0 row 8) and moves the cursor one position to the left.
When the BACK SPACE key is depressed in conjunction with the SHIFT key, the cursor moves one position to the right (non- destructive sp~ce - ASCII OLE, column 1 row 0). If the cursor were in the first position of a row, other than the HOME posi- tion, depressing the BACK SPACE key causes an up-wraparound to the last character position of the next higher row. If in
HOME, no action results. In format mode, depressing the BACK SPACE key stores the back space code as a non-displayable char- acter at the cursor position. The cursor increments as with any alphanumeric character.
(g) TAB/BACK TAB
When depressed in half or full duplex, this key transmits the HT code (ASCII HT, column 0 row 9) and moves the cursor to the first position of the next foreground field.
If a new foreground field is not present by the end of the 24th line, the cursor poes not move. In format mode the TAB function occurs but the HT code is not transmitted.
When SHIFT and TAB are depressed, a BACK TAB function is performed. BACK TAB moves the cursor to the
first position of the foreground field in which the cursor is located or if the cursor is in the first position of the foreground field or in a background position, to the first position of the preview foreground field. If no previous fore- ground field exists, the cursor does not move. TAB and BACK TAB operate in typamatic mode.
(h) FUNCTION
Depressing the function key conditions the terminal for a three-character transmission which has no effect on the display. Upon depressing the function key, the audible alarm sounds and the format indicator begins to blink. The blink continues until an ASCII entry is made causing the three- character function sequence (ESC, ASCII code, End of Transmission character) to be transmitted. This permits up to 128 user
defined functions. If the function key is erroneously depressed, a second depression terminates this feature.
(i) LOCAL
The depression of the local key, when the terminal is set for format· mode, prevents the received data from reaching the display screen. The local indicator on the key- board is illuminated whenever the terminal is placed in the local state. Local is normally used to allow an operator to prepare and edit a full display of data with the assurance that the CPU will be unable to destroy the prepared text. The local state is terminated by a redepression of the local key or trans- mission of the prepared text.
(2)
Standard Functions
Keys in this cluster provide commonly used functions.
(a) BREAK
Depressing this key generates a break sig- nal to the computer which is equivalent to the corresponding button on a conventional teletype terminal.
(b)
RESET
Depressing this,key blanks the display until the key is released. After reset, all subsequent re- ceived data is displayed in background intensity or as con- trolled by subsequent remote commands. The SEND KEY is condi- tioned for batch transmission of unprotected (foreground) data
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HI-I063B
and the transmit mode is determined by the operator switches.
This key is independent of mode setting.
(c) HOME
Depressing this key moves the cursor to the home position (upper left corner) •
(d) CLEAR
This key is used in conjunction with the SHIFT and CTRL keys to generate four different clear functions.
All of these clear to foreground spaces. The four are:
CLEAR
Clear Foreground
Clear End of Line
- depressing this key alone clears the total display; cursor goes to horne position. In format mode the cursor must be positioned at HOME before a clear will occur.
- depressing SHIFT and CLEAR keys clears all foreground displayed data; cursor goes to first unprotected position.
- depressing CTRL and CLEAR keys
clears all data from cursor position to end of line; cursor does not move.
Clear End of Screen - depressing CTRL, SHIFT, and CLEAR keys clears all data from the cursor to the end of screen; cursor does not move.
(3) Numeric Cluster
A separate numeric key cluster is provided for added operator convenience. These keys operate in exactly the sarne manner as the alphanumeric keys except that they are not affected by the SHIFT or CTRL keys.
3.1.3 CURSOR CONTROL Cluster
The four cursor control keys operate in format or half duplex mode as follows:
a. Up Cursor (t) - Depressing the Up cursor key causes the cursor to move up one line. If the cursor is on the first line of the display, i t does not move.
b. Down Cursor (+) - Depressing the Down cursor key causes the cursor to move down one line. If the cursor is on the bottom line of the display, i t does not move.
c. Right Cursor (+) - Depressing the right cursor key
causes the cursor to increment one
"x"
position and if at the 80th character position of the line, i t does not move.d. Left Cursor (+) - Depressing the left cursor key causes the cursor to decrement one "X" position and on the first character position of the line, i t does not move.
e. All cursor keys operate in typamatic.
f. Insert Line (I/L) - Depressing the SHIFT and I/L keys in format and half duplex mode causes an insert line function as defined in paragraph 4.5.2.p.
g. Delete Line (D/L) - Depressing the SHIFT and D/L keys in format and half duplex keys causes a delete line function as defined in paragraph 4.5.2.p.
h. SEND Key - Depressing the SEND key in Format mode initiates either batch, line or page transmission of unprotected only or unprotected/protected data as conditioned by remote
command (see paragraph 4.6). On power up and reset, the SEND key is conditioned for batch transmission of unprotected data.
Independently of the SEND key definition established by remote command, in Format mode, depressing the CTRL and SEND keys
initiates line transmit; depressing the CTRL, SHIFT, and SEND keys initiates page transmission. Depressing the SHIFT and SEND keys causes a print operation in any communication mode. All other combinations of SEND in Half or Full duplex cause the alarm to be sounded. See Section 4 "Operation" for Description of Transmit Modes.
3-13
SECTION 4 OPERATION 4.1 INTRODUCTION
The basic mode of operation for the Hazeltine 1520 Video Display Terminal is character-by-character (switch setting at HALF or FULL DUPLEX). Data which is entered via the keyboard is sent directly to the computer. A wide variety of editing and for- matting functions are available through the use of the various remote commands (see Section 4.6). As an example, most com- puter based software packages recognize special characters and have subroutines for backspacing and, in some cases, line and character replacement.
4.2 OPERATION IN FULL DUPLEX
The full duplex mode of communication is typically used when the communication system is capable of simultaneous two-way transmission. Data entered via the keyboard is routed directly to the computer without display. The display is comprised only of alphanumeric data "received" by or "echoed" back to the
terminal. Each display function key (ie, HOME, CLEAR, etc) generates a code that is transmitted to the computer, and, under computer control, is "echoed" back to the terminal. The ASCII code for each of these display function is included in paragraph 4.6.2.
4.3 OPERATION IN HALF DUPLEX
The Half Duplex mode of communication is used when the communica- tion system is not capable of simultaneous two-way transmission, or the "echoed" back operation is undesirable. Data keyed from the keyboard is transmitted and displayed simultaneously. The data displayed in processed as if i t were data transmitted by the computer. Display function keys do not generate codes in Half Duplex.
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HI-1063B
4.4 SCROLLING
If a displayable ASCII code is received at the last character position of the last displayable character row and wrap-
around operation is selected, the data moves up one row, the top row of data is removed, and the cursor moves to the first character position (left margin) of the last (bottom) charac- ter row. Data from the last character row is replaced with spaces. This type of manipulation and cursor movement opera- tion is referred to hereafter as scrolling and requires no fill characters at any baud rate. Scrolling also occurs when the cursor is on the bottom line and a line feed (ASCII LF) is received in CR operation or a carriage return (ASCII CR) is received in AUTO LF operation as selected by the AUTO LF-CR switch.
4.5 OPERATION IN FORMAT MODE
In the format mode .of operation, the terminal becomes a buf- fered editing terminal, allowing the operator to enter data with characters transmitted to the computer only after the SEND key is depressed. Thus, before any data is actually trans- mitted, the operator may review i t for errors, omissions and misplaced data, and take corrective action. After making the
corrections, the operator may initiate a serial buffered transmission of data to the computer by depressing the SEND key.
Selection of format mode is both switch selectable (as is half and full duplex) and computer controlled by remote command.
When format mode is enabled, the Format indicator located on the access panel will be illuminated. In format mode, back- ground data will be protected and foreground data will be un- protected. Protected data cannot be altered from the keyboard in format mode. Attempted keyboard entry at a protected posi- tion will activate the audible alarm and cause the cursor to tab to the first position of the next unprotected field. If there are no further unprotected fields, only the audible alarm will be activated. Keyboard entry can be made in unprotected
fields only and will be entered at the cursor position in fore- ground intensity (unprotected), displayed and the cursor will be incremented one position.
In Format mode, six forms of transmission are available. The first mode of transmission is batch and consists of a partial screen transmission. The second mode of transmission is page mode and results in the transmission of all transmittable data on the total 24 lines of the screen. The third mode of trans- mission is line transmission. In addition to these three modes of transmission, remote commands exist which enable the
computer to define transmitted data as either only unprotected or both protected and unprotected. Utilizing the five remote commands defined in paragraph 4.7, the SEND key is under CPU control as to which of the six transmit modes will be initi- ated by depression of the SEND key. On power up or reset, the Send key will be ,initialized to batch transmit of unpro- tected data only.
Batch Transmission. Batch transmission is initiated via a re- mote command or by depressing the SEND key in format mode. The
first operation is to post a block transmit symbol (I) at the cursor position i f the cursor is at an unprotected location. The key-
board becomes locked (except for reset which terminates all operations) and the cursor scans back until Horne or a previous xmit symbol is reached. This operation may take up to 200 ms.
Ifaxmit symbol is encountered, transmission begins on the next line. Once the beginning is located, data is transmitted without interruption between characters of fields. When the transmission reaches the posted xmit symbol, a new line func- tion takes place (except on the last line when the cursor re- turns to the beginning of the line and scroll does not take place) and a CR code (or specified End of Message character) is transmitted. The format light will blink for the duration of transmit.
4-3
HI-1063B
NOTE
If there is a CR or xmit symbol on the same line as, but prior to, the posted transmit
symbol, incorrect data may result.
Line Transmission. Line transmission is initiated via a remote command or by depressing the SEND key in Format mode if it has been set for line transmit by remote command. In line trans- mit the transmitted data field consists of all transmittable data as defined by remote command from the CPU from the begin- ning of the line on which the cursor is located to the last non-space character located on that line. No transmit symbol will be stored on the display. The final character to be transmitted is the end of message character as defined by the operation of switches on the front of the keyboard. With the exception of transmission of the 24th line, the cursor will be located at the first position of the following line at the end of transmission. Transmission of the 24th line will cause a scroll of the display if no protected character is located on the 24th line. If a protected character exists on the 24th line, the cursor will go to the beginning of the line at the end of transmission.
PAGE Transmission. Page Transmission is initiated via a remote command or by depressing the SEND KEY in .format mode if it has been set for page transmit by remote command. In page trans- mission, no transmit symbols are stored on the screen. The cursor will go to the home position at the start of trans-
mit and all data for transmission between home and the end of the 24th line will be sent. Data to the right of CRls will not be transmitted. At the end of transmission the cursor will be placed at the beginning of the 24th line. No scroll will occur.
The format light will bli-nk for the full transmission period.
Form Fill Applications. Form fill applications optimize the power of CRT terminals. In establishing the data string required to
place a form on the screen, the first decision to be made is whether
clearing to foreground or background spaces will minimize the string (use Clear screen or HOME & CLEAR TO END of SCREEN BACK- GROUND respectively. The following example uses clear screen.
Example:
Once the screen is cleared, all character positions are filled with foreground spaces. It is therefore not necessary to write blanks in the variable entry fields. Only the form or background fields need be generated. If the form is to be sent to the display from an external source, each background field must then be addressed to its screen location by using the cursor address commands. The cursor address sequence is lead-in code, cursor address code, x-coordinate, y-coordinate.
In the following example, i t is desired ·to generate a form on a system storage device using the keyboard of the Hazeltine 1520.
The intent is to play back this form from storage from time to time and once retrieved, fill i t in.
COLUMN
o
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 - - - 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 - - - 80Line 0 N A
M
E(l) P H 0 N E (2)lAD D RES S(3)
2 CIT Y(4) S T A T E (5)
3 COM MEN T S(6)
There are 80 columns starting with column zero and going up to column 79. There are 24 lines, zero through 23.
The above layout may be rewritten in tabular form as follows:
Field No. Field Title Column No. Line
I NAME 0 0
2 PHONE 45 0
3 ADDRESS 0 I
4 CITY 0 2
5 STATE 43 2
6 COMMENTS 0 3
4-5
No.
HI-I063B
The Cursor Address Chart indicates the necessary keystrokes to qenerate the ASCII charactere for a given screen location deter- mined by column and line number intersection. By referencing this chart, the above table can be expanded to appear as follows:
Field Title Column Keystroke Line Keystroke
NAME 0 c SP 0 c SP
PHONE 45 0 c SP
ADDRESS 0 c SP 1 c A
CITY 0 c SP 2 c B
STATE 43 + 2 c B
COMMENTS 0 c SP 3 C
c
cDepress the Control key while striking the character.
The user is now ready to key in the address of each field fol- lowed by the field title. Remember each address begins with a lead-in and cursor address character.
Field Number User T~pes These Characters
1 'V c
Q c SP c SP NAME
2 'V cQ c SP PHONE
3 'V cQ c SP c A ADDRESS
4 'V cQ c SP c B CITY
5 'V cQ + c B STATE
6 'V cQ c SP C
c
COMMENTSIf the Hazeltine 1520 was set to Half Duplex, the addressing of each field would have taken place while the user was keying in the format. If in format mode, all the keyed-in characters would appear in a continuous string and the actual formatting would only take place when this string was played back to the terminal.
4.6 PRINTER BUFFER
The Hazeltine 1520 contains a microprocessor-controlled printer buffer which allows data transfer to the H1520 from the CPU to be independent of the printer speed. Operationally, this means that data can be transferred to a slow printer at any
speed with no time outs or fill characters for carriage returns, line feeds, or tab's. The printer buffer will store up to 2K data characters and ensures that all data is transferred to the printer at the optimum speed of the printer. Data for printer must be limited to 2K blocks to ensure no loss of data. (See paragraph 4.7.2 ad, Send Status.) Three different modes of print are available.
Print. The printing of data on the H1520 display on the depres- sion of the SHIFT and PRINT keys.
On-line Print with Display. The printing of all H1520 received or transmitted data. Received data will be displayed as well as printed. On-line print can be selected by remote command or by a manual switch located on Hazeltine printers. See section 4.6.3 for a detail description of the on-line print operation.
On-line Print with No Display. Printing of only received data.
Transmitted data will not be printed. This mode can only be selected by remote command.
The printer buffer will support all Hazeltine printers and printers with Centronics parallel or serial interfaces. Selec- tion of operational mode will be made by dip switches located on the printer buffer logic board. The switches select parallel or serial operation and serial speed of 110, 300 or 1200 baud.
4.6.1 Switch Controls
Switches to select serial or parallel operation and printer speed are located on the right hand side of the printer buffer board located under the main logic board.
4-7
HI-l063B
Switch
Sl S2 S3
Parallel
Up Up
UpSerial 110 baud Up . Up Down
Serial 300 baud Up Down Down
Serial 1200 baud Down Down Down
Note
Sl - Is the switch closest to the front of the terminal X - Don't care
4.6.2 Print
S4 X X X X
Print Mode is activated by depressing the SHIFT and SEND keys located on the keyboard. A print symbol
(II)
is stored at the initial cursor position. In the PRINT mode the terminal reads out selected data to the printer interface. The data to be copied consists of all data, protected and unprotected, between the initial cursor position and the first character position of the line following the previous print symbol or between the initial cursor position and the beginning of the screen if there are no intervening print symbols. If any of the character lines contain a carriage return code, then only data to the left of the carriage return and the carriage return code reads out.4.6.2.1 Print Cycle
The print mode is executed as follows:
a. The Print Symbol, consisting of two transmit symbols, is posted, one at the initial cursor position and one symbol at the next adjacent character position. It is possible for the Print Symbol to wraparound.
b. The cursor moves to the first character position of the line following the previous print symbol or Home if there are no intervening Print Symbols.
c. From the starting point, all data is read out to the printer buffer at a very rapid rate independent of the printer rate. Transfer of data to the printer at the print rate is under
d. At the end of each character line the terminal generates a Carriage Return code followed by a Line Feed code before reading the first character of the following line. If the cursor encoun- ters a Carriage Return code in the Print Field, the terminal generates the Carriage Return code followed by a Line Feed code before the first character of the following line is read out.
Single transmit symbols are processed as carriage returns.
e. Readout continues until the cursor encounters the Print Symbol posted at the beginning of the cycle. Readout then stops and the cursor moves to the first character position of the
following line.
f. Print Symbol may wrap around (i.e., occupy the last character position on a line and the first character position of the following line). The cursor always begins and ends the Print Mode on the line beneath the second rectangle of the Print Symbol.
The Print Mode is disabled if there is no printer connected.
g. A carriage return and line feed is outputed to the printer in exchange for the print symbols posted at the beginning of the cycle.
4.6.3 On-Line Print Modes
Two modes of On-Line Print operation exist in the terminal. In on-line print, received and transmitted data is sent to a printer buffer at the speed of the I/O channel and processed to the
printer at the printer rate. The buffer is 2K characters in size to allow the buffer to store up to a full page of data for print- ing. All printer time delays are accommodated by the printer buffer (i.e., no time fill characters are required to prevent the loss of data). Carriage Returns and Line Feeds in received data to provide the desired printed format must be inserted by the
cpu.
4.6.3.1 On-Line Print With Display
On-Line Print With Display mode can be initiated by a remote
command (Lead In, /) or by the on-line switch on Hazeltine printers.
The printer on-line light located on the printer illuminates to indicate on-line operation.
4-9
HI-I063B
In On-Line Print With Display mode, all data transmitted and/or received by the terminal's Data I/O is transferred to the printer buffer as well as being displayed. In block, page, line or half duplex transmission mode, the terminal inserts to the printer buffer only a line feed code following each carriage return in the transmitted message. In full duplex transmission, the line feed character must be inserted from the keyboard with the
carriage returns. This mode of print operation is effective at I/O rates up to 9600 baud. All remote commands for the display using the ~ character for Lead In is filtered out of the data processed to the printer. ESC commands are processed to allow for the use of printer features offered by various printer
manufacturers. This mode of print is terminated by redepressing the on-line switch on the printer or sending an off-line print command (Lead In, ?)
4.6.3.2 On-Line Print Without Display
On-Line Print Without Display is initiated by remote command (Lead In, *) and is operational at speeds up to 19,200 baud.
This mode of on-line print sends only received data to the
printer buffer. The display recognizes only the status command.
All other commands and data are ignored. Full keyboard operation for data entry is enabled during on-line print operation but
transmission to the CPU can only be accomplished on a full duplex system or when the CPU is not sending to the printer buffer.
Filtering of Remote Commands, on-line light control and printer control are identical to On-Line Print With Display. On-Line
Print Without Display is terminated by remote command (Lead In, ?) or by depressing the reset button.
4.6.4 Printer Interface
The following signals are provided for Printer Interface. All signals are T2L compatible positive true, unless otherwise noted as described below:
Input Signals
False level 0.0 to O.B volts True level 2.0 to 5.0 volts Output Signals
False level 0.0 to 0.4 volts True level 2.4 to 5.0 volts
(1) Parallel Data Out - Seven bit ASCII encoded data. The parallel data out timing waveforms are as shown in fig- ure 4-1. Data remains unchanged for the entire duration of printer strobe.
(2) Printer Strobe - A 10-~s false pulse used to clock data from the terminal to a parallel printer.
(3) Parallel Printer Busy - When the printer busy input to the terminal is true, the data output is inhibited.
When printer busy goes false, the next character is out- put. The terminal is slaved to the printer busy signal.
(4) Acknowledge - A false signal on this line into the term- inal is used to indicate the printer has completed the input of a character into the printer or the end of a functional operation. This line must go low after each character or be held low for parallel printer operation.
(5) Paper Out - A low level to the terminal indicates the
printer is out of paper. Terminals with operating program H20S-00l-l0-0/H20S-20-0 (U22/U23) will sound an alarm if an attempt is made to print while the "out-of-paper" sig- nal is low and will not output the data to the printer.
Terminals with operating program H20S-00B-ll-0/H20S-00B -21-0 or H20S-00l-l0-l/H20S-00l-20-l (units manufactured after January 1979) ignore the "out-of-paper" signal.
(6) Printer On-Line Switch - A false signal on this line to the terminal will enable permanent on-line operation.
All received and transmitted data will be copied to the printer.
(7) Printer On-Line Light - Low signal on output indicates the printer is "On-Line". This signal is usable as a lamp driver. To set On-Line Light signal low (lamp on), the CPU sends a Lead-In followed by ASCII "/" or
"*".
To set On light signal high (lamp off), the CPU sends Lead Infollowed by ASCII "?".
(B) EIA Serial Data - If the H1520 is set for serial printer operation, an EIA RS232 data signal will be supplied on this line.
(9)EIA Serial Busy - When serial printer operation is selec- ted, if the serial printer busy input to terminal is EIA true (+5 V to +25 V), the data output is inhibited.
4-11
Pin The Pin
HI-1063B
D---.JATA
X'---(::'---_ _
I(C
I
I IPrinter Strobe
I *100 - - ,
I--
I ~S
I
~~ -II: =t ~
10~:'-
- - - : - - - -I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
rf"
printer_B_u_SY_-J_-LI _ _ _
-I1 ~15
liS :I
I
Acknowledge
II
*If Acknowledge is grounded, data access is initiated from drop in Printer Busy.
Figure 4-1. Parallel Printer Interface
If a character is being transferred to the printer the character will be completed before output is halted.
Interface Assi~nments
printer connector is a 25 pin DB25S assigned as follows:
1 GND 14 Data Bit 2
3 EIA Serial Data 15 Data Bit 3
6 +v 16 Data Bit 4
7 GND 17 Data Bit 5
8 +V 18 Data Bit 6
9 Parallel Printer Busy 19 Data Bit 7
10 Acknowledge 21 Printer On-Line Switch
11 Serial Printer Busy 22 Printer On-Line Light 12 Printer Strobe 24 Paper Out
13 Data Bit 1 V
=
+5 to 25 V EIA4.7 REMOTE COMMANDS 4.7.1 General
The remote command features of the Hazeltine 1520 provide the user with the capability to fully control the terminal via the CPU software. In order to call a terminal function from soft- ware, i t is necessary to precede the function code with a lead- in code (except as noted). The lead-in code (ASCII ~, column 7, row 14 - Decimal 126 or, if selected, ASCII ESC, column 1, row 14 - Decimal 27) alerts the terminal that a special function follows.
The lead-in code and the command following the lead-in code when received, is not stored in display memory and does not advance the cursor. If the code following the lead-in code is not one of the valid command codes (a second lead-in is invalid), that code
is not stored and the cursor does not advance.
NOTE
1. The command code must immediately follow the lead-in code without any intervening char- acters (including NUL or DEL).
2. Terminology: X represents the column on the screen 0 through 79
(0 ~ X <79)
y represents the row on the screen
o
through 23(0 ~ y ~23)
3. Appendix III summarizes the remote commands described below; Appendix IV gives a pro- gramming example using the cursor addressing remote command; the ASCII code chart is
shown in Appendix I.
4-13
HI-I063B 4.7.2 Commands
a. Home Cursor (lead-in required)
On receipt of the HOME CURSOR command (ASCII DC2, column 1, row 2 - Decimal 18), the cursor moves to the upper left corner of the display (coordinates
X = 0,
y
=
0). This has no effect on data displayed.b. Up Cursor (lead-in required)
On receipt of the UP CURSOR command (ASCII FF, column
0,
row 12 - Decimal 12), the cursor increments up one row without altering the display. If thecursor is located in the top row (Y=O), there is no cursor movement.
c. Down Cursor (lead-in required)
On receipt of the DOWN CURSOR command (ASCII VT, column 0, row 11 - Decimal 11), the cursor increments down one row without altering the display. If the cursor is located in the bottom row (Y=230), there is no cursor movement.
d. Left Cursor (no lead-in required)
On receipt of the LEFT CURSOR command (ASCII BS, column 0, row 8 - Decimal 8), the cursor moves back one character position and does not alter the display.
If the cursor is in the left-most column (X=O), it wraps backward to the row above and the right-most column (X=79). If the cursor is in the home posi- tion (X=Y=O), it does not move.
e. Right Cursor (no lead-in required)
On receipt of the RIGHT CURSOR command (ASCII DLE, column 1, row
a -
Decimal 16), the cursor ad- vances one character position to the right and does not alter the display (non-destructive space). The code is not stored in display memory. If the cursor is in the right-most column (X=79), i t wraps aroundcursor is in row 23 and column 79, there is
no cursor movement upon receipt of the command.
f. Address Cursor (lead-in required)
On receipt of the ADDRESS CURSOR command
(ASCII DC1, column 1, row 1 - Decimal 17), the cursor prepares to move to one of the 1920 character posi- tions as defined by the command format below:
ILead-in Code DCl x
YThe cursor coordinate system is the simple rectangu- lar system. The range of values for the X coordinate is 0 through 79 to access all 80 character positions on a line. Addresses above 79 access X=79. The range of values for the Y coordinate is 0 through 23. Addresses above ·23 access Y=23. The first character following the "Y" address is recognized and acted upon as a valid ASCII entry •
In order to address the columns x=o through X=79, the decimal codes a through 79 may be transmitted for X. The preferred alternate is to address columns X=O through X=30 by transmitting the decimal codes 96 through 126.
In order to address the rows y=o through Y=23, the decimal codes a through 23 may be transmitted for Y. The preferred alternate is to address rows Y=O through Y=23 by transmitting the decimal codes 32 through 55 or 64 through 87 or 96 through 119 for Y.
See Appendix II for the cursor address chart.
g. Read Cursor Address (lead-in required)
On receipt of the READ CURSOR ADDRESS command (ASCII ENQ, column 0, row 5 - Decimal 5), the terminal responds with the cursor address. The X coordinate
4-15
HI-1063B
position is followed by the Y coordinate followed by the selected EOM code. The X and Y coordinates transmitted can be found in Appendix II. The cur- sor position and the display is not altered. In the full-duplex mode of operation, the terminal is capable of receiving data during the transmission of the coordinates. In the half-duplex mode, the terminal is capable of receiving data after transmit- ting the EOM code.
h. Clear Screen (lead-in required)
On receipt of the CLEAR SCREEN command (ASCII FS, column 1, row 12 - Decimal 28), the screen is cleared to foreground spaces. The cursor moves to the home position (coordinates X=O, Y=O).
i. Clear Foreground (lead-in required)
On receipt of the CLEAR FOREGROUND command (ASCII GS, column 1, row 13 - Decimal 29), all foreground (high intensity) data are replaced with foreground spaces. The cursor moves to the home position (coordinates X=O, Y=O).
j.
Clear to End of Line (lead-in r~quired)On receipt of the CLEAR TO END OF LINE command (ASCII SI, column 0, row 15 - Decimal 15), all data from the cursor to the end of the line, including the character residing at the cursor position, are replaced by foreground spaces. The cursor does not move.
k. Clear to End of Screen (lead-in required)
On receipt of the CLEAR TO END OF SCREEN com- mand (ASCII CAN, column 1, row 8 - Decimal 24), all data from the cursor to the end of the screen
(coordinates X=79, Y=23), including the character residing at the cursor position, are replaced
by foreground spaces. The cursor does not move.
