1 Supplementary data
The role of nanoparticles in mediating element deposition and transport at hydrothermal vents
Amy Gartmana*, Alyssa J. Findlayb,1, Mark Hanningtonc,d, Dieter Garbe-Schönberge, John W.
Jamiesonf, Tom Kwasnitschkac
a*. Corresponding author; US Geological Survey, PCMSC, 2885 Mission St., Santa Cruz, California, 95060, USA; agartman@usgs.gov
b. Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
1. Present Address: Center for Geomicrobiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark; afindlay@bios.au.dk
c. GEOMAR – Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 1-3 Wischhofstr., 24148 Kiel, Germany; mhannington@geomar.de; tkwasnitschka@geomar.de
d. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON Canada, K1N 6N5
e. Institute of Geosciences, Kiel University, Ludewig-Meyn-Strasse 10, 24118 Kiel, Germany;
dgs@gpi.uni-kiel.de
f. Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John’s, NL, Canada A1B 3X5; jjamieson@mun.ca
Mg Si Ca K Na Cl Br
AVS+
CRS Fe Mn Cu Zn Pb Ag Au As Bi Te Ba Sr
Mg 1.00
Si -0.92 1.00
Ca -0.73 0.90 1.00
K -0.72 0.90 0.95 1.00
Na -0.48 0.72 0.93 0.90 1.00
Cl -0.69 0.79 0.66 0.79 0.63 1.00
Br -0.41 0.53 0.38 0.60 0.42 0.90 1.00
AVS +CR
S -0.84 0.72 0.66 0.64 0.50 0.47 0.19 1.00
Fe -0.93 0.94 0.83 0.76 0.60 0.65 0.31 0.73 1.00
Mn -0.96 0.97 0.86 0.82 0.65 0.73 0.41 0.80 0.98 1.00
Cu -0.09 0.23 0.38 0.40 0.53 0.33 0.29 0.05 0.17 0.19 1.00
Zn -0.78 0.83 0.78 0.70 0.58 0.65 0.36 0.50 0.88 0.88 0.42 1.00
Pb -0.62 0.68 0.64 0.60 0.47 0.56 0.38 0.33 0.73 0.72 0.49 0.94 1.00
Ag -0.58 0.59 0.59 0.52 0.40 0.49 0.30 0.36 0.66 0.67 0.41 0.90 0.96 1.00
Au 0.37 -
0.19 -
0.05 -
0.07 0.16 0.11 0.23 -0.30 -
0.27 -0.22 0.52 0.00 0.16 0.23 1.00
As -0.73 0.79 0.78 0.72 0.64 0.71 0.43 0.48 0.84 0.84 0.53 0.97 0.92 0.86 0.07 1.00
Bi 0.10 -
0.07 -
0.05 0.10 0.15 0.11 0.19 -0.04 -
0.13 -0.15 0.53 -
0.20 -
0.20 -
0.38 -
0.03 -
0.03 1.00
Te 0.07 -
0.03 -
0.02 0.13 0.18 0.13 0.20 -0.01 -
0.10 -0.12 0.54 -
0.17 -
0.18 -
0.36 -
0.04 -
0.01 1.00 1.00
Ba -0.54 0.73 0.75 0.75 0.67 0.65 0.52 0.27 0.69 0.69 0.59 0.87 0.93 0.86 0.30 0.87
- 0.10
- 0.08
1.
00
Sr -0.66 0.73 0.66 0.50 0.47 0.40 0.07 0.48 0.86 0.77 0.05 0.73 0.61 0.55
- 0.04 0.67
- 0.26
- 0.24
0.
59 1.00
Supplementary Table 1. Pearson correlations for element concentrations in fluids, including major and minor metals and total sulfur (AVS + CRS). Correlations of > 0.63 have > 95%
confidence of significance.
Supplementary figure 1. SEM from sample boiling 2, illustrating the presence of what appears to be a broken piece of chimney, possibly chalcopyrite based on element ratios obtained from EDS.
3 Supplementary figure 2. Stereomicroscope image of inner conduit of the boiling chimney,
sample number 1918 R-3.
Supplementary figure 3. Diffractograms from hydrothermal black smoke precipitates, with representative patterns for common minerals.
5 Supplementary figure 4. TEM micrographs and diffraction. (A) and diffraction (B) indicating that barite particles extend into the nanoscale, although morphology and size are unclear because particles were embedded in resin and sectioned. C includes more barite (lower left) as well as a non-diffracting aluminosilicate, illustrating further diversity of mineral phases. (D) is ZnS from sample boiling 2; (E) is an overview of Figure 4 A and B in the main text; (F) is the diffraction pattern corresponding to (E) and (G) is the diffraction pattern corresponding to Figure 4C in the main text.
A B
C
B
D
E F
G
7 Supplementary figure 5. X-ray diffractogram of synthetic nano-ZnS, enabling pattern
comparison to nano-ZnS in powder XRD.
