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The Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of the Lichen Cladonia foliacea and Its (Ð)-Usnic Acid, Atranorin, and Fumarprotocetraric Acid Constituents

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The Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of the Lichen Cladonia foliacea and Its (Ð)-Usnic Acid, Atranorin, and Fumarprotocetraric Acid Constituents

Meral Yılmaz

a

, Ays¸en Özdemir Türk

a,

*, Turgay Tay

b

, and Merih Kıvanc¸

a

a Anadolu University, Department of Biology, 26470 Eskis¸ehir, Turkey.

Fax: +90 22 23 20 49 10. E-mail: aturk@anadolu.edu.tr

b Anadolu University, Department of Chemistry, 26470 Eskis¸ehir, Turkey

* Author for correspondence and reprint requests

Z. Naturforsch.59 c,249Ð254 (2004); received August8/September 17, 2003

The antimicrobial activity of the chloroform, diethyl ether, acetone, petroleum ether, and ethanol extracts of the lichenCladonia foliaceaand its (Ð)-usnic acid, atranorin, and fumar- protocetraric acid constituents against 9 bacteria and fungi has been investigated. The ex- tracts and pure compounds alone were found active against the same bacteria and the same yeasts.Bacillus cereus,Bacillus subtilis,Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus faecalis,Proteus vulgaris,Listeria monocytogenes,Aeromonas hydrophila,Candida albicans, andCandida gla- bratagrowth were inhibited. In addition, the MICs of the extracts, (Ð)-usnic acid, atranorin and fumarprotocetraric acid were determined.

Key words: Cladonia foliacea, Antimicrobial Activity, Lichen Compound

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