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Globale Schwefelemissionen (Tg S p.a.; nach verschiedenen Autoren, zitiert in Warneck 1988)

Quelle Eriksson (1960)

Robinson

& Robbins (1970)

Kellog et al. (1972)

Friend (1973)

Granat et al. (1976)

Ryabosh apko (1983)

Möller (1984)

Warneck (1988)

Hougton et al.

(1990) Anthropogen 39 73 50 65 65 101 75 103 80 anthropogenes

Sulfat partikulär

90 12

Biomasseverbrennung (SO

2

)

7 Ozeane / Seaspray

partikulär (DMS)

44 44 44 44 44 140 175 150 40 Böden und Pflanzen

(H

2

S, DMS)

10

Vulkane (H

2

S, SO

2

) - - 1,5 2 3 28 2 7 10

Mineralstaub 0,2 20

Biogen gesamt 90

Biogen, Ozeane 190 30 48 27 24 35 36 Biogen, Böden 77 68 58 5 17 35 7

Summe 350 215 185 217 144 342 322 306 147

Eriksson E. (1960): The yearly circulate of chloride and sulfur in nature: meteorological, geochemical and pedological implications, Part II. Tellus 12, 63-109.

Friend J.P. (1973): The general sulfur cycle. In: Chemistry of the lower atmosphere (S.I. Rasool, ed.), 177-201. Plenum Press, New York.

Granat L., Hallberg R.O. & Rhode H. (1976): The global sulfur cycle. In: Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur – global cycles (B.H.

Svensson & R. Söderlund, eds.). SCOPE Report 7, Ecol. Bull. (Stockholm) 22, 89-134.

Kellog W.W., Cadle R.D., Allen E.R., Lazrus A.L., Martell E.A. (1972): The sulfur cycle. Science 175, 587-596.

Möller D. (1984): On the global natural sulfur emission. Atmos. Environ. 18, 29-39.

Robinson E. & Robbins R.C. (1970): Atmospheric background concentrations of carbon monoxide. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 174, 89-95.

Ryaboshapko A.G. (1983): The atmospheric sulfur cycle. In: The global biogeochemical sulfur cycle (M.V. Ivanov & J.R. Freney, eds.). SCOPE 19, 203-296.

Warneck P. (1988): Chemistry of the natural atmosphere. Int. Geophysics Series vol. 41.

Hougton J.T. et al. 1990 (in Krupa S.V., 1997): Air Pollution, people and plants. APS Press St. Paul, Minnesota, USA).

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Globale Stoffflüsse und Speicher von Schwefel (Tg bzw. Tg p.a.)

Bereich Speicher Fluss

Land Vorrat in der lebenden Vegetation 10.000 Vorrat im Oberboden 20.000 Vorrat im Gestein 7.000.000.000

Abgabe an die Atmosphäre aus Vulkanen 5 Abgabe an die Atmosphäre als Staub 8 Abgabe an die Atmosphäre aus

biologischer Aktivität

4 Abgabe an die Atmosphäre aus

menschlicher Aktivität

90

Bergbau 150

Austrag durch Flüsse in das Meer 200

Meer Vorrat 1.300.000.000

Abgabe an die Atmosphäre aus Meersalz 144 Abgabe an die Atmosphäre aus biolgischer

Aktivität

16 Abgabe an die Atmosphäre aus

vulkanischer Aktivität

5 Abgabe an das Sediment 135

Atmosphäre Deposition auf das Land 90 Deposition auf das Meer 180

Transport zum Land 20

Transport zum Meer 80

Nentwig W., Bacher S., Beierkühnlein C., Brandl R., Grabherr G. (2004): Ökologie. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Gustav Fischer.

Schlesinger W.H. (1997): Biogeochemistry. Academic Press, San Diego.

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Umsatz an Schwefelverbindungen (Tg S p.a.)

Prozess Tg S p.a.

Bakterielle dissimilatorische Sulfatreduktion

Küstenzone 70

Schelfsedimente 190

Tiefensedimente 290

Assimilatorische Sulfatreduktion

Landpflanzen 100 - 200

Meeresalgen 300 - 600

Anthropogene SO

2

-Emission Ca. 100

Gesamte biogene gasförmige S-Emission Ca. 50 Gesamte natürliche gasförmige S-Emission Ca. 70

Aus: Möller D. (2003): Luft. De Gruyter Berlin, New York.

Andrae M.O. (1990): Ocean-atmosphere interaction in the global biogeochemical sulfur cycle. Marine Chem. 30, 1-29.

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