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Photochemistry and Photophysics of

Coordination Compounds

E d i t e d b y

H. Yersin and A.Vogler

W i t h 1 4 5 F i g u r e s a n d 3 8 T a b l e s

Springer-Verlag

Berlin Heidelberg New York

London Paris Tokyo

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Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium

on the Photochemistry and Photophysics of Coordination Compounds Elmau/FRG, March 29-April 2,1987

Priv.-Doz. Dr. Hartmut Yersin

Institut fur Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universitat Regensburg

Universitatsstr. 31, 8400 Regensburg, F R G Prof. Dr. Arnd Vogler

Institut fur Anorganische Chemie, Universitat Regensburg 8400 Regensburg, F R G

Unhr.-Bibliofhek Regensburg

ISBN 3-540-17808-2 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 0-387-17808-2 Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg

This work is subject to copyright. A l l rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provi- sions of the German Copyright Law of September 9,1965, in its version of June 24,1985, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law.

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1987 Printed in Germany

T h e use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protec- tive laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Printing and Binding: Druckhaus Beltz, Hemsbach/Bergstr.

2152/3140-543210

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PREFACE

The " S e v e n t h I n t e r n a t i o n a l Symposium on t h e P h o t o c h e m i s t r y and P h o t o - p h y s i c s o f C o o r d i n a t i o n Compounds" was h e l d i n t h e c h a r m i n g Schloft Elmau l y i n g i n a h i d d e n v a l l e y o f t h e B a v a r i a n A l p s above G a r m i s c h - P a r t e n k i r c h e n , F e d e r a l R e p u b l i c o f Germany, f r o m M a r c h 29 t o A p r i l 2, 1987.

A b o u t n i n e t y p a r t i c i p a n t s f r o m s e v e n t e e n c o u n t r i e s i n c l u d i n g a b o u t t h i r t y n o n - E u r o p e a n s c i e n t i s t s a s f a r away as J a p a n and A u s t r a l i a came t o g e t h e r f o r t h i s symposium. F o r t y - f i v e o r a l and t w e n t y - f i v e p o s t e r c o n t r i b u t i o n s were p r e s e n t e d . T h e s e p r e s e n t a t i o n s and t h e o p p o r t u n i t y f o r many f o r m a l and i n f o r m a l d i s c u s s i o n s s t i m u l a t e d an i n t e n s e s c i e n t i - f i c i n t e r a c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e p a r t i c i p a n t s .

T h i s m e e t i n g f o l l o w e d p r e v i o u s s y m p o s i a h e l d i n Muhlheim 1974 ( K o e r n e r v o n G u s t o r f ) , F e r r a r a 1976 ( C a r a s s i t i , S c a n d o l a ) , K o l n 1978 ( W a s g e s t i a n ) , M o n t r e a l 1980 ( S e r p o n e ) , P a r i s 1982 ( G i a n o t t i ) and London 1984 ( H a r r i m a n ) . The main f i e l d s c o v e r e d by t h i s 7th Symposium were p h o t o - r e d o x p r o c e s s e s , o r g a n o m e t a l l i c p h o t o c h e m i s t r y , and p r o p e r t i e s o f m e t a l c e n t e r e d e x c i t e d s t a t e s . F u r t h e r m o r e , s p e c i a l c o m p l e x e s s u c h as

2+

[ R u ( b p y ) ^ ] a n d r e l a t e d compounds as w e l l as C r ( I I I ) - c o m p l e x e s were d i s c u s s e d e x t e n s i v e l y . M o r e o v e r , a s e r i e s o f p o t e n t i a l a p p l i c a t i o n s s u c h as s o l a r e n e r g y c o n v e r s i o n and s t o r a g e ( e . g . w a t e r s p l i t t i n g ) and p h o t o r e s i s t t e c h n o l o g y were i m p o r t a n t s u b j e c t s o f t h i s m e e t i n g . T h u s , i t was shown a g a i n t h a t t h e r a p i d l y e x p a n d i n g f i e l d o f e x c i t e d - s t a t e c h e m i s t r y and p h y s i c s o f c o o r d i n a t i o n compounds h a s become an i m p o r t a n t p a r t o f i n o r g a n i c c h e m i s t r y .

The o r g a n i z a t i o n o f t h i s symposium was made p o s s i b l e f i n a n c i a l l y t h r o u g h t h e g e n e r o s i t y o f D e u t s c h e F o r s c h u n g s g e m e i n s c h a f t , Fonds d e r C h e m i s c h e n I n d u s t r i e , BASF AG, B a y e r AG, BMW AG, CIBA-GEIGY AG, CYANAMID GMBH , D e g u s s a AG , HOECHST AG , DR. SEITNER-Me(Jtechnik, S i e m e n s AG, and Wacker-Chemie GmbH.

R e g e n s b u r g , J u l y 1987

A r n d V o g l e r and Hartmut Y e r s i n

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

T o p i c 1: M e t a l - C e n t e r e d E x c i t e d S t a t e s

P o l a r i z e d L u m i n e s c e n c e o f £ p t ( C N ) 2 b i p y ] S i n g l e C r y s t a l s - M a g n e t i c F i e l d a n d T e m p e r a t u r e E f f e c t s

( J . B i e d e r m a n n , M. W a l l f a h r e r , G. G l i e m a n n ) 3 L i g h t - I n d u c e d E x c i t e d S p i n S t a t e T r a p p i n g i n I r o n ( I I ) C o m p l e x e s .

( S . D e c u r t i n s , P. G t i t l i c h , A. H a u s e r , H. S p i e r i n g ) 9 I n f r a r e d L u m i n e s c e n c e S p e c t r o s c o p y o f V3+ D o p e d C s2N a Y X g ( X = C l , B r )

( C . R e b e r , H.U. G i i d e l ) 17 R e c e n t P r o g r e s s i n U r a n y l P h o t o - P h y s i c s

( R . R e i s f e l d , C.K. J ^ r g e n s e n ) 21 E f f e c t s o f M a c r o c y c l i c a n d C r y p t a n d L i g a n d s o n P h o t o p h y s i c s o f E u ^+

I o n s

( N . S a b b a t i n i , S. P e r a t h o n e r , L . De C o l a ) 25 T o p i c 2: P h o t o p h y s i c s a n d P h o t o c h e m i s t r y o f C r ( I I I ) C o m p l e x e s ,

L i g a n d F i e l d A n a l y s i s o f t h e D o u b l e t E x c i t e d S t a t e s i n C h r o m i u m ( I I I ) T r i s c h e l a t e d C o m p l e x e s

( A . C e u l e m a n s , N. B o n g a e r t s , L . G . V a n q u i c k e n b o r n e ) 31 Q u e n c h i n g o f T h r e e P h o t o a q u a t i o n M o d e s o f a C h r o m i u m ( I I I ) A c i d o a m m i n e ^

( A . D a m i a n i , P. R i c c i e r i , E . Z i n a t o ) 35 S t e r e o c h e m i c a l C o n s t r a i n t s o n t h e E x c i t e d S t a t e B e h a v i o r o f C h r o -

m i u m ( I I I )

( J . F . E n d i c o t t , C.K. R y u , R.B. L e s s a r d , P . E , H o g g a r d ) 39 E x c i t e d S t a t e B e h a v i o r a s a P r o b e o f G r o u n d - S t a t e I o n - P a i r I n t e r a c -

t i o n s i n C h r o m i u m ( I I I ) - P o l y p y r i d y l C o m p l e x e s

(M.Z. H o f f m a n , N. S e r p o n e ) 43 C o u n t e r i o n E f f e c t s o n D o u b l e t S p l i t t i n g s o f C h r o m i u m ( I I I ) C o m p l e x e s

( P . E . H o g g a r d , K.-W. L e e ) 49 S p e c t r u m - S t r u c t u r e C o r r e l a t i o n s i n H e x a c o o r d i n a t e d T r a n s i t i o n M e t a l

C o m p l e x e s

( T . S c h o n h e r r ) 55 M u l t i p h o t o n - I n d u c e d P i c o s e c o n d P h o t o p h y s i c s o f C h r o m i u m ( I I I ) - P o l y -

p y r i d y l C o m p l e x e s

( N . S e r p o n e , M.Z. H o f f m a n ) 61 T o p i c 3: E x c i t e d S t a t e P r o p e r t i e s o f T r i s - 2 , 21- B i p y r i d i n e R u t h e n i u m ( I I )

a n d R e l a t e d C o m p l e x e s

On t h e O r b i t a l N a t u r e o f t h e L u m i n e s c e n t E x c i t e d S t a t e o f O r t h o m e t a l - a t e d T r a n s i t i o n M e t a l C o m p l e x e s

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(V. B a l z a n i , M. M a e s t r i , A. M e i a n d r i , D. S a n d r i n i , L . C h a s s o t ,

C. C o r n i o l e y - D e u s c h e l , P. J o l l i e t , U. M a e d e r , A. v o n Z e l e w s k y ) 71 C o r r e l a t i o n s B e t w e e n O p t i c a l a n d E l e c t r o c h e m i c a l P r o p e r t i e s o f R u ( I I ) -

P o l y p y r i d i n e C o m p l e x e s : I n f l u e n c e o f t h e L i g a n d S t r u c t u r e

( F . B a r i g e l l e t t i , A. J u r i s , V . B a l z a n i , P. B e l s e r , A. v o n Z e l e w s k y ) 79 T o w a r d s a D y n a m i c M o d e l f o r t h e R u ( b p y ) 32 + S y s t e m

(M.A. C o l l i n s , E . K r a u s z ) 85 B r o a d - B a n d E m i s s i o n a n d Z e r o - P h o n o n L i n e s o f S i n g l e - C r y s t a l

[ R u ( b p y ) 3 " ] ( P F g ) 2 _ A C o m p a r i s o n

( E . G a l l h u b e r , G. H e n s l e r , H. Y e r s i n ) 93 M a g n e t i c - F i e l d E f f e c t s a n d H i g h l y R e s o l v e d V i b r o n i c S t r u c t u r e o f

[ R u ( H .

( b p y ) 3] 2 +

H. Y e r s i n , E . G a l l h u b e r , G. H e n s l e r ) 101 H i g h l y R e s o l v e d O p t i c a l S p e c t r a o f [ 0 s ( b p y )3]2+ D o p e d i n t o

p R u ( b p y )3] X2

(G. H e n s l e r , E. G a l l h u b e r , H. Y e r s i n ) 107 E x c i t e d S t a t e B e h a v i o r s o f R u t h e n i u m ( I I ) C o m p l e x e s a s S t u d i e d b y T i m e

R e s o l v e d a n d T e m p e r a t u r e a n d S o l v e n t D e p e n d e n t E m i s s i o n S p e c t r a

( S . T a z u k e , H.-B. K i m , N. K i t a m u r a ) 113 T h e L o w e s t E x c i t e d S t a t e s o f [ R u ( 2 , 2 ' - B i p y r a z i n e ) ( 2 , 21- B i p y r i d i n e )2]2+

( H . K o b a y a s h i , Y. K a i z u , K. S h i n o z a k i , H. M a t s u z a w a ) 119 Q u e n c h i n g o f E x c i t e d R u ( b p y ) 3 w i t h M e t h y l v i o l o g e n a t Low T e m p e r a -

t u r e s

( C z . S t r a d o w s k i , M. W o l s z c z a k ) 1 2 5 K i n e t i c s o f t h e C h e m i l u m i n e s c e n t O x i d a t i o n o f A q u e o u s B r " b y

R u ( b i p y r )33+

( L . E l - S a y e d , D. S a l k i n S w a i m , W.K. W i l m a r t h , A.W. A d a m s o n ) 129 S y n t h e s i s a n d P h o t o p h y s i c a l S t u d i e s o f O r t h o - M e t a l a t e d P d ( I I ) Com-

p l e x e s I n c l u d i n g Two N o v e l P d ( I I ) / R h ( I I I ) D i m e r s

( C . A . C r a i g , F . 0 . G a r c e s , R . J . W a t t s ) 1 3 5 P h o t o p r o p e r t i e s o f O r t h o - M e t a l a t e d I r ( I I I ) a n d R h ( I I I ) C o m p l e x e s

( K . A . K i n g , F. G a r c e s , S. S p r o u s e , R . J . W a t t s ) 141 G r o u n d a n d E x c i t e d S t a t e I n t e r a c t i o n s i n M u l t i m e t a l S y s t e m s

( J . D . P e t e r s e n ) 147 P h o t o p h y s i c a l a n d P h o t o c h e m i c a l P r o p e r t i e s o f R u t h e n i u m ( I I ) M i x e d -

L i g a n d C o m p l e x e s : P r e c u r s o r s t o H o m o n u c l e a r a n d H e t e r o n u c l e a r M u l t i - m e t a l C o m p l e x e s C o n t a i n i n g R u t h e n i u m ( I I ) , P l a t i n u m ( I I ) , R h e n i u m ( I ) a n d R h o d i u m ( I I I )

( D . P . R i l l e m a , H.B. R o s s ) 151 G r o u n d - a n d E x c i t e d - S t a t e A c i d - B a s e E q u i l i b r i a o f ( 2 , 2 ' - B i p y r i d i n e ) -

T e t r a c y a n o r u t h e n a t e ( I I )

(M.T. I n d e l l i , C.A. B i g n o z z i , A. M a r c o n i , F. S c a n d o l a ) 159 T o p i c 4: P h o t o r e d o x P r o c e s s e s

K i n e t i c s a n d M e c h a n i s m o f P h o t o c h e m i c a l F o r m a t i o n o f a. P y r a z i n e B r i d g e d F e ( I I ) P r o t o p o r p h y r i n I X P o l y m e r i c C o m p o u n d

( C . B a r t o c c i , A. M a l d c t t i , R. A m a d e l l i , V. C a r a s s i t i ) 167

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C h a r g e - T r a n s f e r S t a t e s a n d T w o - P h o t o n P h o t o c h e m i s t r y o f C u ( N N )2 +

S y s t e m s

(R.M. B e r g e r , A.K. I c h i n a g a , D.R. M c M i l l i n ) 171 P h o t o i n d u c e d M u l t i e l e c t r o n R e d o x R e a c t i o n s i n t h e [ P t C - d g ] ^ " / A l c o h o l

S y s t e m : V i s i b l e L i g h t R e d u c t i o n o f P l a t i n u m C e n t e r s

( A . B . B o c a r s l y , R . E . C a m e r o n , M. Z h o u ) 177 D y n a m i c a n d S t a t i c O u t e r - S p h e r e a n d I n n e r - S p h e r e Q u e n c h i n g P r o c e s s e s

( L . C h e c c h i , C. C h i o r b o l i , M.A. R a m p i S c a n d o l a , F . S c a n d o l a ) 181 P h o t o c h e m i s t r y a n d S p e c t r o s c o p y o f I o n P a i r C h a r g e T r a n s f e r C o m p o u n d s

( H . H e n n i g , D. R e h o r e k , R. B i l l i n g ) 185 B a c k w a r d E l e c t r o n T r a n s f e r w i t h i n G e m i n a t e R a d i c a l P a i r F o r m e d i n t h e

E l e c t r o n T r a n s f e r Q u e n c h i n g

( T . O h n o , A . Y o s h i m u r a ) 189 P h o t o c h e m i s t r y o f C o p p e r C o m p l e x e s a n d i t s C a t a l y t i c A s p e c t s

( J . S y k o r a ) 193 I n t r a m o l e c u l a r E x c i t e d S t a t e E l e c t r o n T r a n s f e r f r o m N a p h t h a l e n e t o

C o b a l t ( I I I ) *

( A . H . O s m a n , A. V o g l e r ) 197 P h o t o c h e m i s t r y o f C o o r d i n a t i o n C o m p o u n d s o f M a i n G r o u p M e t a l s .

R e d u c t i v e E l i m i n a t i o n o f T h a l l i u m ( I I I ) C o m p l e x e s

( A . P a u k n e r , H. K u n k e l y , A. V o g l e r ) 2 0 5 T o p i c 5: O r g a n o m e t a l l i c P h o t o c h e m i s t r y

P h o t o p h y s i c s a n d P h o t o c h e m i s t r y o f T u n g s t e n C a r b y n e C o m p l e x e s

( A . B . B o c a r s l y , R.E. C a m e r o n , A. M a y r , G.A. M c D e r m o t t ) 213 T h e P h o t o i s o m e r i z a t i o n a n d P h o t o s u b s t i t u t i o n R e a c t i o n s o f t h e R u t h e -

n i u m C l u s t e r H R u3 (CO) * o( / * - C 0 C H3)

( A . E . F r i e d m a n , P.C. F o r d ) 217 M u l t i p l e E m i s s i o n f r o m (r\5" C5H r) Re (CO) 2L (L = a S u b s t i t u t e d P y r i d i n e )

C o m p l e x e s i n R o o m - T e m p e r a t u r e S o l u t i o n

(M.M. G l e z e n , A . J . L e e s ) 221 P h o t o c h e m i c a l l y I n d u c e d C - C - B o n d F o r m a t i o n i n t h e C o o r d i n a t i o n S p h e r e

o f T r a n s i t i o n M e t a l s

( C . G . K r e i t e r , K. L e h r ) 2 2 5 T r i p l e t Q u e n c h i n g b y M e t a l C a r b o n y l s

(M. K u c h a r s k a - Z o n , A . J . P o e ) 231 P h o t o e x c i t a t i o n o f W ( C 0 ) 6 S o l u t i o n s C o n t a i n i n g c X - D i i m i n e L i g a n d s .

K i n e t i c s a n d M e c h a n i s m o f C h e l a t i o n f o r a S e r i e s o f P h o t o p r o d u c e d W ( C O )5( t f - D i i m i n e ) I n t e r m e d i a t e s

( A . J . L e e s , M . J . S c h a d t , L . C h a n ) 2 3 5 K i n e t i c s a n d M e c h a n i s m o f C-H A c t i v a t i o n F o l l o w i n g P h o t o e x c i t a t i o n

o f (*r]5-C5H5) I r (CO) 2 i n H y d r o c a r b o n S o l u t i o n s *

( D . E . M a r x , A . J . L e e s ) 239 I d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f H2- , D2-, N 2 ~ B o n d e d I n t e r m e d i a t e s i n t h e C r ( C 0 )6

P h o t o c a t a l y z e d H y d r o g e n a t i o n R e a c t i o n s

(A. O s k a m , R.R. A n d r e a , D . J . S t u f k e n s , M.A. V u u r m a n ) 243

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S p e c t r o s c o p y a n d P h o t o c h e m i s t r y o f N i (CO) 2 ( o t - D i i m i n e ) C o m p l e x e s

( P . C . S e r v a a s , D . J . S t u f k e n s , A. O s k a m ) 247 F e ( C O ) 3 ( R - D A B ) , a C o m p l e x w i t h Two C l o s e - L y i n g R e a c t i v e E x c i t e d

S t a t e s

( D . J . S t u f k e n s , H.K. v a n D i j k , A. O s k a m ) 253 T h e P h o t o c a t a l y t i c M e t a t h e s i s R e a c t i o n o f O l e f i n s

( T . S z y m a n s k a - B u z a r , J . J . Z i o ^ k o w s k i ) 2 5 9 P h o t o c h e m i c a l G e n e r a t i o n o f N i n e t e e n - E l e c t r o n O r g a n o m e t a l l i c C o m p l e x e s

a n d T h e i r U s e a s R e d u c i n g A g e n t s i n M i c e l l a r S y s t e m s

(D.R. T y l e r , V. M a c K e n z i e , A . S . G o l d m a n ) 263 P r o b i n g O r g a n o m e t a l l i c P h o t o c h e m i c a l M e c h a n i s m s w i t h Q u i n o n e s :

P h o t o l y s i s o f M n2( C O ) «

( A . V l t f e k , J r . ) I " 2 6 7 L a s e r F l a s h P h o t o l y s i s o f P h o s p h i n e - S u b s t i t u t e d D i m a n g a n e s e C a r b o n y l

C o m p o u n d s

( K . Y a s u f u k u , N. H i r a g a , K. I c h i m u r a , T. K o b a y a s h i ) 271 T o p i c 6: M e t h o d s , A p p l i c a t i o n s , a n d O t h e r A s p e c t s

E l e c t r o n T r a p p i n g i n C o l l o i d a l T i 0 2 P h o t o c a t a l y s t s : 20 p s t o 10 n s K i n e t i c s

( C . A r b o u r , D.K. S h a r m a , C.H. L a n g f o r d ) 2 7 7 T h e R a d i a t i o n S e n s i t i v i t y o f S e l e c t M e t a l C h e l a t e P o l y m e r s :

M e c h a n i s t i c C h a n g e s a t H i g h e r E n e r g i e s

(R.D. A r c h e r , C . J . H a r d i m a n , A . Y . L e e ) 2 8 5 T e m p e r a t u r e D e p e n d e n t E m i s s i o n o f C o p p e r P o r p h y r i n s i n L i q u i d S o l u t i o n

(M. A s a n o , 0. O h n o , Y. K a i z u , H. K o b a y a s h i ) 291 P r e s s u r e E f f e c t s o n N o n r a d i a t i v e D e a c t i v a t i o n f r o m M e t a l C o m p l e x

E x c i t e d S t a t e s i n S o l u t i o n

( P . C . F o r d , J . D i B e n e d e t t o ) 2 9 5 H e t e r o g e n e o u s P h o t o c a t a l y s i s b y M e t a l S u l f i d e S e m i c o n d u c t o r s

( H . K i s c h , W. H e t t e r i c h , G. T w a r d z i k ) 301 I n o r g a n i c P h o t o i n i t i a t o r s f o r P h o t o l i t h o g r a p h i c A p p l i c a t i o n s

( C . K u t a l , C.G. W i l l s o n ) 3 0 7 P h o t o c h e m i c a l B e h a v i o u r o f L u m i n e s c e n t D y e s i n S o l - G e l a n d B o r i c

A c i d G l a s s e s

(R. R e i s f e l d , M. E y a l , R. G v i s h i , C.K. J 0 r g e n s e n ) 3 1 3 I n d u s t r i a l A p p l i c a t i o n s o f O r g a n o m e t a l l i c P h o t o c h e m i s t r y

(A. R o l o f f , K. M e i e r , M. R i e d i k e r ) 317 S y n t h e s i s a n d C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f a / ^ - o x o - d i r u t h e n i u m C o m p l e x a s a

P r e c u r s o r t o a n E f f i c i e n t W a t e r O x i d a t i o n C a t a l y s t

( F . P . R o t z i n g e r , S. M u n a v a l l i , P. C o m t e , J . K . H u r s t , M. G r a t z e l ) .. 323 T h e A p p l i c a t i o n o f D i f f u s e R e f l e c t a n c e L a s e r F l a s h P h o t o l y s i s t o

M e t a l P h t h a l o c y a n i n e s i n a n O p a q u e E n v i r o n m e n t

( F . W i l k i n s o n , C . J . W i l l s h e r ) 327 Q u e n c h i n g o f S i n g l e t O x y g e n b y C o b a l t C o m p l e x e s

( T . V i d o c z y , S. N e m e t h ) 331

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R e c e n t A d v a n c e s i n I n o r g a n i c a n d O r g a n o m e t a l l i c P h o t o l i t h o g r a p h y *

( R . E . W r i g h t ) 3 3 5 A u t h o r I n d e x 339

C o n t r i b u t i o n s m a r k e d w i t h a n a s t e r i x (#) a r e d e d i c a t e d t o

P r o f . A.W. A d a m s o n b y h i s f o r m e r g r a d u a t e s t u d e n t s a n d p o s t d o c t o r a l a s s o c i a t e s .

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T O P I C 1

M e t a l - C e n t e r e d E x c i t e d S t a t e s

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POLARIZED LUMINESCENCE OF ( P t ( C N )2b i p y ) SINGLE CRYSTALS-MAGNETIC FIELD AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS

J.Biedermann, M . W a l l f a h r e r , and G.Gliemann

I n s t i t u t f U r P h y s i k a l i s c h e und T h e o r e t i s c h e Chemie, U n i v e r s i t a t Regensburg, 8400 Regensburg, FRG

A B S T R A C T

T h e p o l a r i z e d l u m i n e s c e n c e o f s i n g l e c r y s t a l [ P t ( C N ^ b i p y ] i s r e p o r - t e d . On r a i s i n g t h e t e m p e r a t u r e f r o m 1 . 9 K t o 7 K o r i n c r e a s i n g t h e m a g n e t i c f i e l d f r o m 0 t o 1 T t h e E l a - p o l a r i z e d e m i s s i o n b a n d ( E : e l e c t r i c f i e l d v e c t o r , a : c r y s t a l l o g r a p h i c a a x i s ) i s b l u e s h i f t e d b y - 1 7 5 cm . A t e m p e r a t u r e i n c r e a s e t o 2 9 5 K o r a m a g n e t i c f i e l d i n - c r e a s e t o 6 T r e d u c e s t h e e m i s s i o n l i f e t i m e b y a f a c t o r o f - 1 0 ^ a n d

2

- 1 0 , r e s p e c t i v e l y .

E X P E R I M E N T A L

T h e a n h y d r o u s r e d m o d i f i c a t i o n o f [ P t ( C N >2^ipy3 w a s s y n t h e s i z e d b y a p r o c e d u r e d e s c r i b e d b y B i e l l i [ 3 1 - [ P t ( C N )pb i p y ] b e l o n g s t o t h e g r o u p

N N:

z, b

F i g . 1. P a r t o f t h e p r o p o s e d c o l u m n a r s t r u c t u r e o f t h e r e d m o d i f i c a t i o n o f [ P t ( C N )2b i p y ] , s c h e m a t i c. [ 1 , 2 ]

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o f p l a n a r d - t r a n s i t i o n m e t a l c o m p l e x e s w h i c h f o r m q u a s i - o n e d i m e n - s i o n a l c o l u m n s i n t h e s o l i d s t a t e w i t h s h o r t P t - P t d i s t a n c e s , s e e F i g . 1. T h e a p p a r a t u s a n d m e t h o d s f o r t h e p o l a r i z e d e m i s s i o n m e a s u r e - m e n t s a n d f o r t h e m a g n e t i c f i e l d s t u d i e s a r e d e s c r i b e d i n R e f . [ 4 ] .

R E S U L T S

T e m p e r a t u r e B e h a v i o r o f t h e P o l a r i z e d E m i s s i o n

F i g u r e 2 p r e s e n t s t h e p o l a r i z e d e m i s s i o n s p e c t r a o f s i n g l e c r y s t a l [ P t (CN )2b i p y ] a t T = 1.9 K. T h e e n e r g i e s o f t h e E l a a n d E||a e m i s s i o n

F i g . 2 . E|[a a n d E l a p o l a r i z e d e m i s s i o n s p e c t r a o f

[ P t ( C N ^ b i p y ] s i n g l e c r y s t a l a t T=1.9 K ( *e x= 3 6 4 n m ) .

F i g . 3. T e m p e r a t u r e d e p e n - d e n c e o f t h e w a v e n u m b e r s V|| a n d o f t h e e m i s s i o n m a x i m a o f a [ P t ( C N ^ b i p y ] s i n g l e c r y s t a l ^ex = 36zf nm ) . m a x i m a v s . t e m p e r a t u r e a r e p l o t t e d i n F i g . $. B e l o w 20 K t h e E||a e m i s s i o n m a x i m u m d o e s n o t d e p e n d o n t e m p e r a t u r e . A b o v e 20 K i t i s b l u e s h i f t e d m o n o t o n i c a l l y a n d t h e i n t e n s i t y I„ d e c r e a s e s w i t h i n c r e a s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e . W i t h i n t h e t e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e 1.9 K ^ T ^ 295 K, t h e l i f e - t i m e T it i s s h o r t e r t h a n 3 n s . B e t w e e n 1.9 K a n d 7 K t h e E l a e m i s s i o n

II _ 1

m a x i m u m i s b l u e s h i f t e d b y - 1 7 5 cm a n d t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g i n t e n s i t y 1^ i n c r e a s e s b y a f a c t o r o f - 2 0 . A b o v e T > 7 K t h e e n e r g y o f t h e E l a e m i s s i o n i n c r e a s e s m o n o t o n i c a l l y a n d t h e i n t e n s i t y 1^ b e c o m e s w e a k e r w i t h i n c r e a s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e . T h e l i f e t i m e a t T = 1.9 K i s 2 ms , I t b e c o m e s s h o r t e r b y a f a c t o r o f

u p t o 295 K.

•10^ w h e n t h e t e m p e r a t u r e i n c r e a s e s

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P o l a r i z e d E m i s s i o n i n t h e P r e s e n c e o f M a g n e t i c F i e l d s

T h e e n e r g y a n d t h e i n t e n s i t y o f t h e E l a e m i s s i o n m a x i m u m a t 1 . 9 K a s f u n c t i o n s o f t h e s t r e n g t h o f a m a g n e t i c f i e l d H l a i s p r e s e n t e d i n F i g . 4 a n d 5 , r e s p e c t i v e l y . B e t w e e n 0 a n d 1 T a b l u e s h i f t o f

15100 -

L [T] 5 H 6 ^ IT] 5 H 6

F i g . 4. M a g n e t i c f i e l d d e p e n d e n c e o f t h e w a v e n u m b e r v^ o f t h e E l a e m i s s i o n m a x i m u m o f a [ P t C C N ) ^

( b i p y ) ] s i n g l e c r y s t a l a t T=1 .9 K U =364 nm ) . H l a .

e x ^

F i g . 5 . I n t e n s i t y I o f t h e E l a e m i s s i o n o f a [ P t ( C N ) ^ ( b i p y )]

s i n g l e c r y s t a l i n d e p e n d e n c e o f m a g n e t i c f i e l d s t r e n g t h a t T= 1 . 9 K ( *e x= 36 Z + n™ ) • Hla-

- 1 7 5 cm i s o b s e r v e d . A b o v e H = 1 T t h e s p e c t r a l p o s i t i o n o f t h e E l a e m i s s i o n r e m a i n s c o n s t a n t , i n d i c a t i n g a s a t u r a t i o n e f f e c t ( F i g . 4 ) . T h e r e l a t i v e i n t e n s i t y I ( H ) / I ^ ( H= 0 ) i n c r e a s e s b e t w e e n 0 a n d 4 T b y a f a c t o r o f - 2 8 r e a c h i n g a c o n s t a n t v a l u e a t 4 T ( F i g . 5 ) . A p p l i c a t i o n o f a m a g n e t i c f i e l d o f s t r e n g t h H = 6 T y i e l d s a r e d u c t i o n o f t h e

2 i,

l i f e t i m e b y a f a c t o r o f - 1 0 . T h e E||a e m i s s i o n i s f o u n d t o b e n o t i n f l u e n c e d b y m a g n e t i c f i e l d s .

D I S C U S S I O N

T h e o b s e r v e d p r o p e r t i e s c a n b e d e s c r i b e d b y a s y s t e m o f i n t e r a c t i n g c o m p l e x e s o f C ^v s y m m e t r y . T h e e n e r g i e s o f t h e e l e c t r o n i c s t a t e s a r e d e s c r i b e d b y a v a l e n c e b a n d a n d a c o n d u c t i o n b a n d g e n e r a t e d b y a n i n t e r c h a i n c o u p l i n g o f t h e m o l e c u l a r s t a t e s P t 5 d a n d P t 6 p ^ / C N tc* , r e s p e c t i v e l y . [5 ] T a k i n g e l e c t r o n c o u p l i n g a n d s p i n - o r b i t c o u p l i n g i n t o a c c o u n t , t h e r e s u l t i n g g r o u n d s t a t e h a s s y m m e t r y A ( A ) a n d t h e

5

l o w e s t e x c i t e d s t a t e s c a n b e c l a s s i f i e d a c c o r d i n g t o .A^ ,B^( ) a n d

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The E l a e m i s s i o n o r i g i n a t e s f r o m ( s e l f - t r a p p e d ) s t a t e s A ^ . A ^ B ^ o f ^B^

p a r e n t a g e , w h i c h a r e p o s i t i o n e d b e l o w t h e l o w e r e d g e o f t h e c o n d u c t i o n b a n d . T h e s e s t a t e s a r e s h o w n a t t h e l e f t h a n d s i d e ( I a n d I I ) o f F i g . 6. A t 1.9 K t h e e m i s s i o n b e l o n g s t o t h e t r a n s i t i o n A^ -> A'^ w h i c h

F i g

t r a n s i t o n s

6. P r o p o s e d e n e r g y - l e v e l d i a g r a m o f [ P t ( C N ) ^ ( b i p y ) ] a n d r a d i a t i v e ( s c h e m a t i c ) . s p i n - o r b i t c o u p l i n g n e g l e c t e d ( s y m m e t r y C2 v ) , I I : s p i n - o r b i t c o u p l i n g i n c l u d e d ( s y m m e t r y ) , I I I : m a g n e t i c f i e l d H||z ( s y m m e t r y C ), I V : m a g n e t i c f i e l d H||y ( s y m m e t r y C ).

i s o n l y v i b r o n i c a l l y a l l o w e d . A t t e m p e r a t u r e s > 1.9 K t h e h i g h e r s p i n - o r b i t c o m p o n e n t s A^ a n d b e c o m e t h e r m a l l y r e p o p u l a t e d a n d e m i t

i n t o t h e g r o u n d s t a t e , r e s u l t i n g i n a b l u e r e - d u c t i o n o f t h e l i f e t i m e . T h e b l u e s h i f t i s o n t h e o r d e r o f o n e v i b r a - t i o n a l q u a n t u m . The E||a e m i s s i o n c o r r e s p o n d s t o t h e s i n g l e t - s i n g l e t d i r e c t l y ( n o n - v i b r o n i c a l l y

-1

s h i f t o f - 1 7 5 cm , a n i n c r e a s e o f t h e e m i s s i o n i n t e n s i t y a n d a

t r a n s i t i o n B' ( s h o r t l i f e t i m e T ., < 3 n s ) .

T h e r i g h t h a n d s i d e o f F i g . 6 p r e s e n t s t h e e n e r g y l e v e l s o f [ P t (CN ^ b i p y ] i n a h o m o g e n e o u s m a g n e t i c f i e l d H l a . F o r H||z a n d H||y t h e m a g n e t i c f i e l d l o w e r s t h e s y m m e t r y C ^v t o t h e s u b g r o u p C^ ( c a s e I I I ) a n d Cg ( c a s e I V ) , r e s p e c t i v e l y . A c o n s e q u e n c e o f t h e s y m m e t r y l o w e r i n g i s a m a g n e t i c f i e l d i n d u c e d i n t e r a c t i o n o f t h e e x c i t e d s t a t e s A^ a n d A j j / B^ - E S ] A s a r e s u l t o f t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g m i x i n g o f t h e s e s t a t e s , a new a d d i t i o n a l r a d i a t i v e c h a n n e l f r o m t h e l o w e s t e x c i t e d s t a t e

A/A"(A^) i n t o t h e v i b r a t i o n a l l y n o n - e x c i t e d g r o u n d s t a t e A / A ' ( A j j ) i s

o p e n e d . T h i s e x p l a i n s t h e m a g n e t i c f i e l d i n d u c e d b l u e s h i f t a n d t h e l i f e t i m e d e c r e a s e o f t h e E l a e m i s s i o n a t 1.9 K.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We w o u l d l i k e t o t h a n k t h e F o n d s d e r C h e m i s c h e n I n d u s t r i e a n d t h e D e u t s c h e F o r s c h u n g s g e m e i n s c h a f t f o r s u p p o r t o f o u r w o r k .

R e f e r e n c e s :

[ 1 ] T e x t o r , M., O s w a l d , H. R., R o n t g e n o g r a p h i s c h e u n d s p e k t r o s k o p i s c h e U n t e r s u c h u n g e n a n z w e i M o d i f i k a t i o n e n v o n D i c h l o r o - 2 , 2 ' - d i p y r i d y l - p l a t i n ( I I ) . Z. a n o r g . a l l g . Chem. 4 0 7 , 2 4 4 ( 1 9 7 4 ) .

[ 2 ] B i e d e r m a n n , J . , W a l l f a h r e r , M. , G l i e m a n n , G., M a g n e t i c - f i e l d a n d t e m p e r a t u r e e f f e c t s o n t h e o p t i c a l p r o p e r t i e s o f d i c y a n o - 2 , 2 ' - b i p y r i d y l - p l a t i n u m ( I I ) s i n g l e c r y s t a l s . J . o f L u m i n e s c e n c e ( 1 9 8 7 ) i n p r e s s .

[ 3 ] B i e l l i , E . , G i d n e y , P.M., G i l l a r d , R.D., H e a t o n , B . T . , S p e c t r o s - c o p i c s t u d i e s o n some c o m p o u n d s ( i n c l u d i n g d i m o r p h i c s o l i d s ) o f p l a t i n u m ( I I ) w i t h 2 , 2 ' - b i p y r i d y l a n d i t s a n a l o g e o u s . J . C. S.

D a l t o n 4, 2 1 3 3 (1 9 7 ^ ) •

[ 4 ] H i d v e g i , I . , Ammon, W. v . , G l i e m a n n , G., M a g n e t i c f i e l d e f f e c t s o n t h e l u m i n e s c e n c e o f q u a s i - o n e - d i m e n s i o n a l c r y s t a l s M [ P t ( C N ) ] • y H20 . J . Chem. P h y s . 7 6 , 4 3 6 1 ( 1 9 8 2 ) ; Ammon, W. v . , H i d v e g i , I . , G l i e m a n n , G., M a g n e t i c f i e l d e f f e c t s o n t h e l u m i n e s c e n c e o f L n2L P t ( C N )435- y H20 s i n g l e c r y s t a l s . J . Chem. P h y s . 8 0 , 2 8 3 7

( 1 9 8 4 ) .

[ 5 ] G l i e m a n n , G., Y e r s i n , H ., S p e c t r o s c o p i c p r o p e r t i e s o f t h e q u a s i o n e - d i m e n s i o n a l t e t r a c y a n o p l a t i n a t e ( I I ) c o m p o u n d s . S t r u c t u r e a n d B o n d i n g 6 2 , 8 7 ( 1 9 8 5 ) .

[ 6 ] G l i e m a n n , G., M a g n e t i c f i e l d e f f e c t s o n t h e l u m i n e s c e n c e o f t r a n - s i t i o n m e t a l c o m p l e x e s . C o m m e n t s I n o r g . Chem. 5., 2 6 3 ( 1 9 8 6 ) .

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LIGHT-INDUCED EXCITED SPIN STATE TRAPPING IN I RON(II) COMPLEXES

S . D e c u r t i n s , P . G u t l i c h , A.Hauser, and H . S p i e r i n g

I n s t i t u t f u r Anorganische Chemie und A n a l y t i s c h e Chemie, Johannes G u t e n b e r g - U n i v e r s i t a t , 6500 M a i n z , FRG

In t h e c o u r s e o f our s t u d i e s on t h e t h e r m a l l y induced h i g h s p i n (HS) low s p i n ( L S ) t r a n s i t i o n i n i r o n ( I I ) complexes / l / , ^ l gin t^G aP Proximat- i011 °f ^ sym- metry, we have observed i n 1984 a new p h o t o p h y s i c a l e f f e c t /2/: I f , a t s u f f i c i e n t l y low t e m p e r a t u r e , t h e s o l i d s p i n c r o s s o v e r complex i s i r r a d i a t e d w i t h green l i g h t i n t o t h e + ^ l i g a n d f i e l d a b s o r p t i o n band, t h e thermodynamica.ily s t a b l e LS s t a t e can be c o n v e r t e d t o the m e t a s t a b l e HS s t a t e and trapped w i t h p r a c t i c a l l y i n - f i n i t e l i f e t i m e . We have c a l l e d t h i s unusual phenomenon " L i g h t - I n d u c e d E x c i t e d Spin S t a t e T r a p p i n g ( L I E S S T ) " .

The f i r s t example, where we have seen t h e LIESST e f f e c t , i s [ F e ( p t z ) ^ ] ( B F ^ ^ ( p t z = 1 - p r o p y l t e t r a z o l e ) /2/. T h i s c o o r d i n a t i o n compound i s known t o e x h i b i t t h e r - m a l l y - i n d u c e d s p i n t r a n s i t i o n w i t h h y s t e r e s i s of c a . 7 K w i d t h around 130 K /3,4/.

The t r a n s i t i o n from the HSC^T^) s t a t e t o t h e LS(^A.) s t a t e i s accompanied by a d r a - m a t i c c o l o r change from w h i t e t o p u r p l e . A c c o r d i n g l y , t h e s i n g l e - c r y s t a l a b s o r p t i o n s p e c t r a o f t h i s complex a r e q u i t e d i f f e r e n t i n t h e two s p i n s t a t e s as can be seen from F i g . 1 /5/. At 273 K, t h e r e i s o n l y one a b s o r p t i o n band around 12250 cm ^ a r i s i n g from t h e q u i n t e t - q u i n t e t t r a n s i t i o n ~* E i n the HS m o l e c u l e s . At 8 K t h i s a b s o r p t i o n band has c o m p l e t e l y d i s a p p e a r e d i n f a v o u r of two s i n g l e t - s i n g l e t t r a n s i t i o n s , c e n t e r e d a t 18400 and 26650 cm \ c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o ^A, + *T. and

1 1 i i

T^ i n t h e LS m o l e c u l e s . A f t e r b l e a c h i n g t h e c r y s t a l w i t h w h i t e l i g h t f o r c a . 2 min one sees a g a i n t h e t y p i c a l HS a b s o r p t i o n spectrum. Around 10 K, t h e trapped

2 7 3 K b. b.

8 K b. b.

8 K o.b.

10 15 20 25 30 x 103 cm"1

F i g . 1: S i n g l e - c r y s t a l a b s o r p - t i o n s p e c t r a ( u n p o l a r i z e d ) o f

[ F e ( p t z )6] ( B F4)2 b e f o r e b l e a c h - i n g (b.b.) a t 273 K and 8 K,and a f t e r b l e a c h i n g (a.b.) f o r 2min w i t h w h i t e l i g h t ( t u n g s t e n lamp) a t 8 K (from / 5 / ) .

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m e t a s t a b l e HS s t a t e does not decay t o any n o t i c e a b l e e x t e n t w i t h i n s e v e r a l days, e x c l u d i n g any t u n n e l l i n g p r o c e s s e s . Back r e l a x a t i o n t o the t h e r m o d y n a m i c a l l y s t a b l e LS(^A-^) s t a t e o c c u r s o n l y i f the t e m p e r a t u r e i s r a i s e d t o 50-55 K. I f the sample i s heated f u r t h e r , one f i n a l l y o b s e r v e s the w e l l e s t a b l i s h e d t h e r m a l l y - i n d u c e d LS HS t r a n s i t i o n around 130 K.

We have f o l l o w e d the LIESST e f f e c t i n [ F e ( p t z ) ^ ] ( B F ^ )2 a l s o by magnetic s u s c e p t i - b i l i t y measurements /5/ and ~^Fe Mossbauer s p e c t r o s c o p y /2/. F i g u r e 2 shows a sequence o f Mossbauer s p e c t r a of [ F e ( p t z ) ^ ] ( B F ^ )2 f o r the l i g h t - i n d u c e d LS HS c o n v e r s i o n a t 15 K (a •> b ) , the t h e r m a l l y i n d u c e d back r e l a x a t i o n HS -> LS around 50-55 K ( c , d ) , and the t h e r m a l l y i n d u c e d LS •> HS c o n v e r s i o n around 130 K (e f ) . The HS s t a t e p r o - duced by LIESST has the same Mossbauer p a r a m e t e r s as the t h e r m o d y n a m i c a l l y s t a b l e HS s t a t e above 130 K (compare s p e c t r a b and f i n F i g . 2 ) .

0>

OS 100

90 80 100 95 90 85 100 95 90 85

1' T 1

f

I (J

-2

100 90 80 100

80 100

0 2 4 v / m m s- 1

0 2 4 v / m m s "1

F i g . 2: Mossbauer s p e c t r a of [ F e ( p t z )6] ( B FA)2. (a) B e f o r e b l e a c h i n g ( m e a s u r i n g t e m p e r a t u r e

M 15 K ) ; (b) a f t e r b l e a c h i n g f o r 1 h a t 15 K (T = 15 K ) ; ( c ) a f t e r b l e a c h i n g t o 50-55 K and c o o l i n g t o = 15 K; (d) a f t e r second h e a t i n g t o 50-55 K and c o o l i n g t o = 15 K; ( e ) a f t e r subsequent h e a t i n g t o

f t e r 148 K) 97 K ( TM = 97 K ) ; ( f ) a f t e r h e a t i n g t o 148 K ( T ^

( f r o m 111).

The mechanism of LIESST can be e x p l a i n e d on the b a s i s o f F i g . 3: I r r a d i a t i n g the c o l d

X" - \ g and \ s - \ ( s . F i g . 1).

sample i n d u c e s s p i n - a l l o w e d t r a n s i t i o n s A,

l g ^8 ^ ^-5 i

The e x c i t e d s p i n - s i n g l e t s t a t e s a r e s h o r t - l i v e d and can decay back t o the ground s t a t e w i t h i n nanoseconds. There i s , however, an a l t e r n a t i v e decay p a t h , f a v o u r e d by

3 s p i n - o r b i t c o u p l i n g , which l e a d s t o a p o p u l a t i o n o f the s p i n t r i p l e t s t a t e s T..

3

and T? ( i n t e r s y s t e m c r o s s i n g ) . These a g a i n decay v i a i n t e r s y s t e m c r o s s i n g , e i t h e r t o the A1 5 t ground s t a t e or t o the m e t a s t a b l e T0 s t a t e . There i s no r a d i a t i v e de-

l g 5 1 2 g5

cay path from the Tn t o the A. s t a t e , and the T0 (HS) s t a t e remains t r a p p e d

lg l g 2g

w i t h p r a c t i c a l l y i n f i n i t e l i f e t i m e as l o n g as the t e m p e r a t u r e i s s u f f i c i e n t l y low so t h a t the energy b a r r i e r between the ^T^g a n d t h e Aig p o t e n t i a l s u r f a c e s , w h i c h a r e w e l l s e p a r a t e d by the l a r g e d i f f e r e n c e i n the m e t a l - l i g a n d bond l e n g t h o f c a . 0.2 8 between the two s p i n s t a t e s /6/, i s not t h e r m a l l y overcome. But the t r a p p e d HS s t a t e can be pumped back t o the LS s t a t e by i r r a d i a t i n g w i t h r e d l i g h t ( o f c a .

5 5

850 nm) i n t o the T0 -> E a b s o r p t i o n band /7/.

The \2 1A-^ r e l a x a t i o n k i n e t i c s was examined t o pure [ F e ( p t z ) ^ ] ( B F ^ ) ^ c r y s t a l s as w e l l as f o r mixed c r y s t a l s [ F e ^ n ^ ^ p t z ^ ] ( B F ^ )2 u s i n g o p t i c a l s p e c t r o s c o p y /8/.

I t was shown t h a t (a) f o r x & 0.1 a s i n g l e - i o n t r e a t m e n t of both the s p i n e q u i l i -

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F i g . 3: P o t e n t i a l s u r f a c e diagram a c c o r d i n g t o e x p e r i m e n t a l and c a l c u l a t e d e n e r g i e s o f the l i g a n d f i e l d s t a t e s o f [ F e ( p t z ) ] ( B F , )?

(from r e f . / 5 / ) . N U C L E A R C O O R D I N A T E

brium ( w i t h A H ^ = H^g-H^g = 510(12) cm AS.

HL = SH g- Sl s = 5.1(2) cm /K a t T = 100K and t h e Tn •> r e l a x a t i o n of t h e l i g h t - i n d u c e d t r a p p e d HS s t a t e ( w i t h A r r h e n i u s a c t i v a t i o n energy E° = 810(30) cm ^ and f r e q u e n c y f a c t o r A £z 10"Vs) i s a p p r o p r i a t e

a

and ( b ) w i t h i n c r e a s i n g x c o o p e r a t i v e e f f e c t s become more and more important f o r both the HS ^ LS e q u i l i b r i u m and t h e r e l a x a t i o n o f t h e trapped HS s t a t e . These s t a t e m e n t s become apparent from F i g s . 4-7.

F i g . 4: R e l a t i v e i n t e n s i t y o f t h e

^A^ * T j t r a n s i t i o n v s . temperature f o r (*) [ F e ( p t z )6] ( B F4)2 and ( o ) [ F exZn i_x( pt Z)6] ( B FA)2 ( x ~ 0 . 1 ) (from / 8 / ) . The a b r u p t t r a n s i t i o n f o r the pure i r o n complex i s t y p i c a l f o r a f i r s t - o r d e r phase t r a n s i t i o n due t o c o o p e r a t i v e e f f e c t s and agrees w i t h the r e s u l t s from Mossbauer and magne- t i c s u s c e p t i b i l i t y measurements / 4 / . For t h e d i l u t e m a t e r i a l c o o p e r a t i v e e f f e c t s a r e l e s s i m p o r t a n t , and t h e s p i n c o n v e r s i o n c u r v e can be i n t e r - p r e t e d as a c o n t i n u o u s LS +-+ HS e q u i -

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11 f J / //

till/ '/ 'X mi/ y <r

— e x p e r i m e n t o l ~ e x p o n e n t i o l f i t

1 - e "kt

1 1 1 J t 750 1000 I f 1 '

1 w t 1 I *

1 ' t [ s e c ]

k = A e 0 B A - 1 05/ s e c

* 1. s e r i e s

* 2.

o 3. ••

\ *

* * ~

EQ= 810(30) c m '1

i 1 i 1 i

*

I 1 I 1

l i b r i u m w i t h AG = G^g-G^g = ^HS~^LS~~

-T(SH S -SL S > = A HH L -T A SH L -kBT l n KH L= - - kBT I n [ d - YL S) / YL S] ( Y ^ - mole f r a c t i o n o f LS m o l e c u l e s ) .

0.014 0.015 1/T t l / K l

F i g . 5: ( a ) N o r m a l i z e d \ 2 ~* r e~ l a x a t i o n c u r v e s f o r

[ F exZ n1_x( p t z )6] ( B F4)2 (x~? 0.1) a t v a r i o u s t e m p e r a t u r e s .

(b) A r r h e n i u s p l o t I n k v s . 1/T. As shown, an e x p o n e n t i a l f i t

Y ^g( t ) = l - e x p ( - k t ) d e s c r i b e s w e l l t h e r e l a x a t i o n c u r v e s i n t h e d i l u t e m a t e r i a l ( x ^ O . l ) w i t h c o n s t a n t a c t i v a t i o n energy E ° = 810(30) cm *

5 - 1

and f r e q u e n c y f a c t o r 10 s ( f r o m / 8 / ) .

— e x p e r i m e n t a l

— c a l c . w i t h l i n e a r f . t o f E0(vL S)

2000

0 0

1—

1 t [ s e e l b)

'e c a l c . f r o m e x p e r i - u ^ • v ^ m e n t a l r e l a x a t i o n

U? c u r v e s

G>

- -

- - l i n e a r r e g r e s s i o n ~~

= E ! + v A En

1 .

F i g . 6: ( a ) N o r m a l i z e d T2 r e - l a x a t i o n c u r v e s f o r pure

[ F e ( p t z ) ^ ] ( B F ^ )2 a t v a r i o u s tempera- t u r e s . The s i g m o i d a l ( r a t h e r than ex- p o n e n t i a l ) form o f t h e decay c u r v e s i s due t o c o o p e r a t i v e e f f e c t s . The a c t i v a t i o n energy E ^ i s now a l i n e a r f u n c t i o n o f Y^g as shown i n ( b ) . The

0.00 0.50

LS 1 .00

s o l i d l i n e i n ( b ) was o b t a i n e d from a s i m u l t a n e o u s f i t o f t h e f i v e measured decay c u r v e s o f F i g . 6a. The broken l i n e r e s u l t s from a l i n e a r r e g r e s s i o n ( s l o p e A E ^ = -164 cm ^; i n t e r c e p t E ° = 797 cm"1) ( f r o m / 8 / ) .

a

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F i g . 7: (a) Normalized ~^T2 ~+ r e - l a x a t i o n c u r v e s at a p p r o x i m a t e l y the same temperature f o r v a r i o u s c o n c e n t r a t i o n s of F e ( I I ) i n the mixed c r y s t a l s [ F exZ n1_x( p t z )6] ( B F4)2. Trie decay c u r - ves f o l l o w a s i m p l e f i r s t - o r d e r law o n l y i n the d i l u t e systems, but show more and more s i g m o i d a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s w i t h i n c r e a s i n g i r o n c o n c e n t r a t i o n due t o c o - o p e r a t i v e e f f e c t s . The a c t i v a t i o n e n e r - gy t u r n s out t o be a f u n c t i o n of Y j g and x a c c o r d i n g t o

Ea( YL S 'x )

+ YLg (AE ( x ) ) as shown i n F i g . 7b (from / 8 / ) .

0.00 0.50 I .00

AE^(x) has been found t o depend l i n e a r l y on x; t h i s s u p p o r t s our s u g g e s t i o n t h a t the c o o p e r a t i v e e f f e c t s a r e of e l a s t i c and thus long-range r a t h e r than of e l e c t r o n i c o r i g i n . The s o - c a l l e d " l a t t i c e expansion model" /9/ based on long-range e l a s t i c i n - t e r a c t i o n s a r i s i n g from the d r a s t i c volume change (^S~^LS^ ^S we^ s u i t e d t o e x p l a i n t h e s e o b s e r v a t i o n s .

The LIESST e f f e c t has a l s o been seen i n o t h e r i r o n ( I I ) s p i n c r o s s o v e r compounds, such as [ F e ( 2 - p i c )3] C l2- E t O H ( 2 - p i c = 2 - a m i n o m e t h y l p y r i d i n e ) /10/ (see F i g . 8 ) , t F e ( p h e n )2( N C S )2] /10.11/ (see F i g . 9 ) , and [ F e ( 2 - Y - p h e n )3] X2 (Y = CH3, X2 = ClO^;

Y = CH3, X = B P h4; Y = CH30, X2 = ( C l O ^ - F ^ O ) /12/.

E x t e n s i v e s t u d i e s on the LIESST e f f e c t a r e c u r r e n t l y g o i n g on i n our l a b o r a t o r y , p a r t i c u l a r l y towards p o s s i b l e a p p l i c a t i o n i n o p t i c a l s t o r a g e .

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100 05 00 05 00 75 100 98 96

\

94 92 90 O 100 w 90

• r—1 96

6 94

ry) 92 92 cd 90 100 100 90 ,_; 96 OJ 94 92 100 90 96 94 92 90 80

a o

•rH 00 00

00

CD 100.0

99.5 99.0 98.5 98.0 97.5

100.0 99.5 99.0 98.5 98.0

F i g . 8: Mossbauer s p e c t r a o f [ F e ( 2 - p i c )3 ] C 12 EtOH r e c o r d e d a t

= 4.2 K (A) b e f o r e b l e a c h i n g ,

(B) a f t e r b l e a c h i n g w i t h w h i t e l i g h t f o r l h , and (C,D,E) warming up t o 30-32 K f o r a s h o r t t i m e and c o o l i n g back t o 4.2 K i n t h r e e c y c l e s .

The o u t e r two l i n e s r e f e r t o t h e q u a d r u - p o l e d o u b l e t o f t h e HS s t a t e , t h e i n n e r two l i n e s t o t h a t o f the LS s t a t e (from AO/).

F i g . 9: Mossbauer s p e c t r a o f T F e ( p h e n )2( N C S )z] r e c o r d e d a t

Tx. = 6 K b e f o r e and a f t e r M

b l e a c h i n g w i t h w h i t e l i g h t f o r 1 h (from / 1 0 / ) .

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Acknowledgement

F i n a n c i a l s u p p o r t from t h e B u n d e s m i n i s t e r i u m f u r Forschung und T e c h n o l o g i e (Grant No. NT 2723 7 ) , t h e Deutsche F o r s c h u n g s g e m e i n s c h a f t , t h e S t i f t u n g Volkswagenwerk, and t h e Fonds der Chemischen I n d u s t r i e i s g r a t e f u l l y acknowledged.

We w i s h t o thank P r o f e s s o r H . U . Gudel (Bern) f o r f r u i t f u l c o o p e r a t i o n .

R e f e r e n c e s

111 G i i t l i c h , P. I n S t r u c t u r e and Bonding; S p r i n g e r - V e r l a g : B e r l i n , 1.981;

V o l . 44, p. 83

HI D e c u r t i n s , S. ; G i i t l i c h , P.; K o h l e r , C.P.; S p i e r i n g , H. ; Hauser, A.

Chem. Phys. L e t t . 1984, 105, 1

13/ F r a n k e , P.L.; Haasnoot, J.G.; Zuur, A.P. I n o r g . Chim. A c t a 1982, 59, 5 /4/ M i i l l e r , E.W. ; E n s l i n g , J . ; S p i e r i n g , H . ; G i i t l i c h , P. I n o r g . Chem. 1983,

22, 1074

/5/ D e c u r t i n s , S. ; G i i t l i c h , P.; H a s s e l b a c h , K.M.; Hauser, A.; S p i e r i n g , H.

I n o r g . Chem. 1985, 24, 2174

16/ M i k a m i , M.; Konno, M.; S a i t o , Y. Chem. Phys. L e t t . 1979, 63, 566 HI Hauser, A. Chem. Phys. L e t t . 1986, _124, 543

18/ Hauser, A.; G i i t l i c h , P.; S p i e r i n g , H. I n o r g . Chem. 1986, 25, 4245 19/ S p i e r i n g , H. ; M e i s s n e r , E. ; Koppen, H. ; M i i l l e r , E.W. ; G i i t l i c h , P.

Chem. Phys. 1982, 68, 65

/10/ D e c u r t i n s , S. ; G i i t l i c h , P.; K o h l e r , C P . ; S p i e r i n g , H. J . Chem. Soc.

Chem. Commun. 1985, 430

/ l l / H e r b e r , R.; Casson, L.M. I n o r g . Chem. 1986, 25, 847 /12/ P o g a n i u c h , P.; G i i t l i c h , P. I n o r g . Chem. 1987, 26, 455

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INFRARED LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY OF V3 +DOPED Cs2NaYX6 (X=C1,Br)

C.Reber and H.U.Glide!

I n s t i t u t f u r anorganische Chemie, U n i v e r s i t a t B e r n , 3000 Bern 9, SWITZERLAND

1. I n t r o d u c t i o n

T h e l u m i n e s c e n c e p r o p e r t i e s o f V3 + h a v e r e c e i v e d v e r y l i t t l e i n t e r e s t . T h e p r e s e n t w o r k r e p r e s e n t s t h e f i r s t s t u d y o f e x a c t l y o c t a h e d r a l V X ^ ~

( X = C l , B r ) u n i t s w h i c h w e r e o b t a i n e d by d o p i n g t h e e l p a s o l i t e l a t t i c e s C s 2 N a Y C l ^ w i t h V 3 + anc[ g r o w i n g s i n g l e c r y s t a l s by t h e B r i d g m a n t e c h - n i q u e . S y n t h e s i s , c r y s t a l g r o w t h a n d t h e s t r u c t u r e o f t h e h o s t l a t t i c e s a r e d e s c r i b e d i n t h e l i t e r a t u r e ( M o r s s e t a l 1 9 7 0 ; M e r m a n t e t a l 1 9 7 9 ) . V ^ + h a s a 3 d ^ e l e c t r o n c o n f i g u r a t i o n a n d t h e r e f o r e ^ T ^ g a s g r o u n d s t a t e i n On s y m m e t r y . T h e l o w e s t e n e r g y e x c i t e d s t a t e i s e i t h e r ^ T 2 g o r ^^2%' d e p e n d i n g o n t h e l i g a n d f i e l d s t r e n g t h . I n b o t h s i t u a t i o n s l u m i n e s c e n c e i n t h e n e a r i n f r a r e d r e g i o n i s e x p e c t e d , e i t h e r a s s h a r p l i n e s ( ^ T 2 o ~*

^ T i g ) o r a s a b r o a d e m i s s i o n b a n d ( ^ T 2 g ^ T ^ g ) . S u c h t r a n s i t i o n m e t a l s y s t e m s a r e i n v e s t i g a t e d a s p o s s i b l e s o l i d s t a t e l a s e r m a t e r i a l s ( I m - b u s c h e t a l 1 9 8 5 ) .

I n t h e t i t l e c r y s t a l s we a r e i n t h e c r o s s o v e r r e g i o n b e t w e e n s h a r p - l i n e s i n g l e t a n d b r o a d - b a n d t r i p l e t e m i s s i o n . T h i s s i t u a t i o n i n t h e e x c i t e d s t a t e m a k e s t h e l u m i n e s c e n c e s p e c t r o s c o p y p a r t i c u l a r l y i n t e r e s t i n g a n d i n f o r m a t i v e . F r o m s t u d i e s o f t h e t e m p e r a t u r e d e p e n d e n c e o f t h e l u m i n e s - c e n c e a n d d e c a y p r o p e r t i e s a r a t h e r d e t a i l e d p i c t u r e o f t h e r e l e v a n t e x c i t e d s t a t e s i s o b t a i n e d . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e s p i n - o r b i t s p l i t t i n g o f t h e g r o u n d s t a t e c a n be d e t e r m i n e d . I n n o n - c u b i c c r y s t a l s l u m i n e s c e n c e s p e c t r o s c o p y o f d ^ i o n s s u c h a s T i ^ + o r V ^ + i s a n e x c e l l e n t p r o b e o f t h e g e o m e t r i c d i s t o r t i o n s , b e c a u s e t h e l o w - s y m m e t r y s p l i t t i n g s o f ^ T ] g c a n be r e s o l v e d . T i ^ + i n M g C l 2 p r o v i d e s a n i c e e x a m p l e o f t h i s ( J a c o b - s e n e t a l 1986 ) .

2. E x p e r i m e n t a l r e s u l t s

T h e l u m i n e s c e n c e s p e c t r u m o f C s 2 N a Y C lD: V ^+ i s p r e s e n t e d i n F i g . 1 a t t h r e e t e m p e r a t u r e s . A t 2K r i c h f i n e s t r u c t u r e i s o b s e r v e d . T h e r e i s a p r o n o u n c e d c h a n g e o f t h e s p e c t r u m w i t h t e m p e r a t u r e , a b o v e 100K a b r o a d b a n d b e c o m e s d o m i n a n t . I n c o n t r a s t , C s 2 N a Y B r ^

:V3 +

s h o w s b r o a d b a n d l u m i - n e s c e n c e a l r e a d y a t t h e l o w e s t t e m p e r a t u r e s ( p e a k e n e r g y 7500cm""* a t A . 2 K ) .

I n F i g . 2 t h e t e m p e r a t u r e d e p e n d e n c e o f t h e l u m i n e s c e n c e d e c a y t i m e s i s s h o w n . A l l t h e d e c a y c u r v e s a r e s i n g l e e x p o n e n t i a l s . I n t h e c h l o r i d e h o s t t h e d e c a y t i m e i s 1 7 . 2 m s e c a t 2 1 K , a n d i t d r o p s by n e a r l y t w o o r - d e r s o f m a g n i t u d e o n i n c r e a s i n g T t o 2 7 0 K . I n c o n t r a s t , t h e d e c a y t i m e i n t h e b r o m i d e l a t t i c e i s o n l y 2 2 8 y s e c a t 1 6 K , s i m i l a r t o t h e c h l o r i d e v a l u e s a t h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e s , a n d i t d r o p s by o n l y a f a c t o r o f 3 on w a r - m i n g t o 2 5 0 K . 3. D i s c u s s i o n

a ) L o w - t e m p e r a t u r e l u m i n e s c e n c e s p e c t r u m o f C s 9 N a Y C l ^

T h e r i c h f i n e s t r u c t u r e i n t h e l u m i n e s c e n c e s p e c t r u m o f C s 2 N a Y C l 6 : V 3 + a t 2K ( F i g . 1 ) t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e n a r r o w o v e r a l l w i d t h o f t h e s p e c t r u m c l e a r l y i n d i c a t e a * T 2 g ^ l g t r a n s i t i o n . T h e o b s e r v e d p e a k s c a n be a s s i g n e d a s e l e c t r o n i c o r i g i n s t o t h e s p i n - o r b i t s p l i t c o m p o n e n t s o f t h

T'i g g r o u n d s t a t e a n d a s v i b r o n i c t j u a n d 12 u o r i g i n s b u i l t on t h e s e .

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F i g u r e 1 L o w - t e m p e r a t u r e s i n g l e c r y s t a l l u m i n e s c e n c e s p e c t r a o f C s2N a Y C l6: V3+ ( 0 . 0 5 m o l e % ) . T h e f i n e s t r u c t u r e i s a s s i g n e d i n t e r m s o f e l e c t r o n i c t r a n s i t i o n s t o t h e s p i n - o r b i t s p l i t g r o u n d s t a t e c o m p o n e n t s a n d v i b r o n i c o r i g i n s i n v o l v i n g u n g e r a d e m o d e s o f t h e V C 1 ^ ~ u n i t a s i n - d i c a t e d i n t h e 2K s p e c t r u m . B u i l t on t h e v i b r o n i c o r i g i n s w e a k a i g s i - d e b a n d s a r e i n d i c a t e d .

A l t h o u g h t h e r e i s a n o v e r l a p o f e l e c t r o n i c o r i g i n s a n d v i b r o n i c s i d e - b a n d s a n u n a m b i g o u s a s s i g n m e n t o f t h e b a n d s i s p o s s i b l e by u s i n g a l l t h e o b s e r v e d t r a n s i t i o n s . T h e l o w e s t - e n e r g y c o m p o n e n t s o f t h e ^ T | g g r o u n d s t a t e a r e t h e T2g a n d E g s p i n o r s t a t e s , w h i c h a r e d e g e n e r a t e i n f i r s t o r d e r . O u r s p e c t r a s h o w t h a t t h e y a r e s e p a r a t e d by 9 . 3 c m- 1, w i t h E g l o w e r i n e n e r g y , a s c o u l d be s h o w n w i t h MCD ( N e u e n s c h w a n d e r 1 9 8 1 ) a n d m a g n e t i c s u s c e p t i b i l i t y m e a s u r e m e n t s . T h e T j a n d A-^g o r i g i n s l i e a t e n e r g i e s o f 1 3 2 . 6 c m "1 a n d 2 0 1 . 0 c m "1, r e s p e c t i v e l y . F r o m t h e s e s p l i t t i n g s we d e t e r m i n e a s p i n - o r b i t c o u p l i n g p a r a m e t e r £ o f 1 3 0 c m "1. T h i s i s 62'%

o f t h e f r e e i o n v a l u e , a n d we c o n c l u d e t h a t t h e r e i s no J a h n - T e l l e r e f f e c t i n t h e g r o u n d s t a t e .

T h r e e v i b r o n i c s i d e b a n d s w i t h e n e r g y d i s p l a c e m e n t s o f 3 1 8 c m- 1, 1 8 6 c m- 1 a n d 1 2 8 c m- 1 a r e o b s e r v e d on a l l t h e e l e c t r o n i c o r i g i n s . T h e g r o u n d s t a t e v i b r a t i o n a l e n e r g i e s o f t iu , t i u a n d t 2u m o d e s i n t h e same h o s t l a t t i c e d o p e d w i t h C r3+ a r e 3 2 2 c m-" , 1 8 7 c m- 1 a n d 1 2 0 c m "1, r e s p e c t i v e l y ( K n o c h e n - m u s s e t a l 1 9 ^ 6 ) . T h e v i b r o n i c s i d e b a n d s i n o u r s p e c t r u m c a n t h u s be a s s i g n e d a s t iu, t i u a n d t 2 u v i b r o n i c o r i g i n s . T h e s e m o d e s a r e i n t e r n a l V C l ^ " m o d e s ( L e n t z 1 9 7 4 ) . A g r o u p o f r e l a t i v e l y b r o a d a n d w e a k b a n d s , w h i c h i s d i s p l a c e d by a p p r o x i m a t e l y 3 0 0 c m "1 f r o m t h e i n t e n s e g r o u p o f v i b r o n i c o r i g i n s , c o n s i s t s o f a i e s i d e b a n d s .

(29)

F i g u r e 2 T e m p e r a t u r e d e p e n d e n c e o f t h e l u m i n e s c e n c e d e c a y t i m e s f o r C s2N a Y C l 5 : V3+ ( 0 . 1 m o l e % , o p e n c i r c l e s ) a n d C s2N a Y B r6: V3 + ( 0 . 5 m o l e % , f i l l e d c i r c l e s ) . The i n s e r t s h o w s t h e b r o m i d e d e c a y t i m e s on an e x p a n - d e d o r d i n a t e s c a l e . The s o l i d l i n e s a r e f i t s t o eq 1 a n d eq 2 f o r t h e c h l o r i d e a n d b r o m i d e , r e s p e c t i v e l y , a s e x p l a i n e d i n t h e t e x t .

b ) R a d i a t i v e r e l a x a t i o n i n C s2N a Y C l ^ : V3 +

I t i s c l e a r f r o m t h e l u m i n e s c e n c e s p e c t r a i n F i g . 1 t h a t w i t h i n c r e a s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e t h e ^ T 2 g e x c i t e d s t a t e b e c o m e s t h e r m a l l y p o p u l a t e d a n d

b r o a d b a n d l u m i n e s c e n c e i s o b s e r v e d . T h i s i s c o n f i r m e d by t h e l u m i n e s - c e n c e d e c a y t i m e s i n F i g . 2 w h i c h c a n be c o n s i d e r e d a s r a d i a t i v e b e l o w 2 0 0 K . The d e c a y t i m e o f 1 7 . 2 m s e c a t 21K i s t y p i c a l f o r a s p i n f o r b i d d e n t r a n s i t i o n . The h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e v a l u e s o f 1 0 0 - 2 0 0 u s e c a r e i n t h e t y p i - c a l r a n g e f o r s p i n - a l l o w e d v i b r o n i c t r a n s i t i o n s . I n o r d e r t o o b t a i n a m o r e q u a n t i t a t i v e p i c t u r e a s i m p l e m o d e l was f i t t e d t o t h e d e c a y t i m e s . We a s s u m e t h e r m a l e q u i l i b r a t i o n w i t h i n t h e ]T2g a n d 3T2g e x c i t e d s t a t e s t o o c c u r much f a s t e r t h a n t h e l u m i n e s c e n c e t r a n s i t i o n s t o t h e g r o u n d s t a t e . N e g l e c t i n g t h e 1E g e x c i t e d s t a t e , w h o s e e n e r g y i s ^ u n k n o w n , a s w e l l a s s p i n - o r b i t c o u p l i n g w i t h i n a n d b e t w e e n 1 T 2 g a n d ^ T2 g* we o b t a i n e q u a t i o n 1 f o r t h e t o t a l r a d i a t i v e d e c a y r a t e T~1 : ~

T "1 = T^ ' Ps + i t1- c o t h ( 7 W 2 k T ) -Pt ( 1 )

w i t h Ps - 3/Z

Pt = 9 * e x p ( - A E / k T ) / Z Z = 3 + 9 - e x p ( - A E / k T )

w h e r e TG a n d TT a r e t h e i n t r i n s i c d e c a y t i m e s o f t h e * T2 g a n d ^ T2o s t a t e s , r e s p e c t i v e l y a n d AE i s t h e i r e n e r g y d i f f e r e n c e . The c o t h t e r m d e s c r i b e s t h e t e m p e r a t u r e d e p e n d e n c e o f t h e 3T2g ^ T ] g r a d i a t i v e r a t e w i t h an e n a b l i n g mode f r e q u e n c y o f 1 7 9 c m "1 w h i c h was d e t e r m i n e d f r o m t h e t e m p e r a t u r e d e p e n d e n c e o f t h e 3T ig + 3T2g a b s o r p t i o n i n t e n s i t y . TS

was s e t t o 17.2 m s e c , t h e o b s e r v e d l o w - t e m p e r a t u r e v a l u e , a n d TT a s

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