FVS Workshop 10. November 2008
Wasserstofferzeugung aus erneuerbaren Quellen
AER-Prozess
Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung (ZSW), Stuttgart
Wasserstofferzeugung aus erneuerbaren Quellen AER-Prozess
Motivation
Prinzip des AER-Prozesses Ergebnisse
Ausblick
H2 production and consumption
Natural Gas 48%
Coal 18%
Oil 30%
via Ele ctr olys is
4%
Othe rs 6%
Oil Indus try 35%
M e thanol 8%
Che m ical Indus try
51%
Production Consumption
5 x 1011 m³/a
< 2% global energy demand
Source: George A. Olah, Alain Geoppert, G.K. Surya Prakash: “Beyond Oil and Gas: The Methanol Economy”, WILEY-VCH, 2006
Pathways to Hydrogen and Conversion Efficiencies
Source: Ewan B, Allan R: A figure of merit assessment of the routes to hydrogen. Int J Hydrogen Energy 30 (2005) supplemented
Primary energy sources
Solar
Natural gas Nuclear energy Hydro power Tidal power Wind power Solar
Nuclear energy Solar
Solar Coal
electric power HYDROGEN
gas separation gasification
process heat biomass
reforming
direct turbine generation water electrolysis thermo-chemical cycles
photovoltaic
rankine cycle
photo catalysis thermolysis / thermo-chemical cycles
59%
76%
> 40%
4%
70%
50%
1%
15%
40%
100%
Wasserstofferzeugung aus erneuerbaren Quellen AER-Prozess
Motivation
Prinzip des AER-Prozesses Ergebnisse
Ausblick
Biomasse Konversion
Wasser 20-50%
Trockensubstanz Hu 18.5 MJ/kg
C:H:O 50:6:44
mineralische Bestandteile sonst. Inhaltsstoffe
0.5-10%
Wärmezufuhr
gasförmige Produkte
80 %
fester Bestandteil Koks
20 %
(2/3 Heizwert)
1/3 (Heizwert)
Festbettvergaser Imbert-Holzgasanlage
Quelle: Archiv-Verlag
Ford-LKW
mit Imbert-Generatoranlage
Trockene Produktgaszusammensetzung
Vergasungsmittel H2 CO CH4 CO2 N2
Luft 15% 20% 2% 15% 48%
Sauerstoff 40% 40% 20%
Wasserdampf 40% 25% 8% 25% 2%
AER Process 65% 5% 13% 15% 2%
CO + H2 O ↔ CO2 + H2 Shift Reaktion
AER - Reactions
(Absorption Enhanced Reforming)
ΔHR >> 0 Steam Reforming / Gasification of Biomass
CHx Oy + (1-y) H2 O CO + (0.5x + 1 –y) H2
Combined with a HT-CO2 Absorption
CO2 + CaO CaCO3 ΔHR << 0
CO Shift Reaction
ΔHR < 0 CO + H2 O CO2 + H2
Overall (600 – 700 °C, 1 bar)
ΔHR ≈ 0 CHx Oy + (2 - y) H2 O + CaO CaCO3 + (0.5 x + 2 - y) H2
AER-Process: Twin Fluidised Bed Gasifier - Allothermal - in situ CO2 Removal
Add.
Fuel AER Gasifier
COMBUSTION +
CALCINATION
Steam Air
CO2 -rich Flue Gas H2 -rich
Product Gas
CaO
Biomass
ABSORPTION ENHANCED REFORMING
Gaseous Products
Chemical Loop
Regenerator CaCO3
Solid Products
T = 600 – 700 °C (1 bar)
T > 800 °C (1 bar)
Wasserstofferzeugung aus erneuerbaren Quellen AER-Prozess
Motivation
Prinzip des AER-Prozesses Ergebnisse
Ausblick
Goal of AER (Absorption Enhanced Reforming) Biomass Gasification Process
• Innovative Process with
¾ Electricity (Gas Engine;
Future Option: Fuel Cell)
¾ District Heat
¾ Fuel
(Future Option: H2 , SNG, adapted Syngas)
¾ > 70 Vol.-% H2 in Raw Gas
¾ > 15 Vol.-% CH4 (+ CnHm) in Raw Gas
¾ Low Tar Content in Raw Gas < 500 mg/mNTP3
¾ Utilisation of Low Rank Biomass (e.g. Straw)
• Poly-Generation from Biomass
AER: Absorption Enhanced Reforming
Test of AER-Process
in Biomass 8 MWth Power Plant Güssing / Austria
07/2007: Successful AER Test Campaign in Güssing, next Campaign 2008
Source: TUV
AER Advantages:
• High Efficiency
• High H2 Content
• Low Rank Biomass
• Adapted Gas
Biomasse-Kraftwerk Güssing GmbH
Coupling
AER Biomass Gasification / Fuel Cell
Product Gas
>60% H2 Bio-
mass
SNG H2
AER Gasifier
On-site Power Plant
SNG
Fuel Gas via Biomass Gasification
Remote Ref. / PSA
H2 Cleaning
SNG
Energy Carrier Fuel Utilisation
Δ Δ
PEM FC
SOFC / MCFC
PEM FC
Ref.
PEM FC SOFC / Δ
MCFC CHP
Transportation Sector
CHP
μ-CHP
in Fuel Cells
PSA
Metha- nation
“Syngas“
Verfahrenskonzept:
H2 -Erzeugung via thermochemische Konversion im DFB
Ver- gasung
Biomasse
Dampf
Luft
CO2-reiches Abgas H2-reiches
Produktgas Grob- reinigung
Fein- reinigung
Motor PSA
Strom/
Wärme H2
Purgegas
Methanation
of COx in Bio-Syngas
CO + 3 H2 CH4 + H2 O(g)
ΔH298K = - 206.158 kJ/molCH4
CO2 + 4 H2 CH4 + 2 H2 O(g)
ΔH298K = - 165.475 kJ/molCH4
2 CO + 2 H2 CH4 + CO2
ΔH298K = - 246.841 kJ/molCH4
Experimental Result:
SNG from AER Product Gas
1,0%
CH4 99,0%
LHV
Intermediate Gas
Wobbe Index 13,35 kWh/Nm³ H2
4,2% CO2 4,9%
CH4 90,9%
Educt Gas
LHV 3,49 kWh/Nm³ H2
66,5%
CO2 13,0%
CH4 12,0%
CO 8,5%
Methanation
Vol.% Vol.%
9,19 kWh/Nm³
H2 57,0%
9,0% 34%
CO CH4
H2
Wobbe Index 6,26 kWh/Nm³
8,37 kWh/Nm³
Wobbe Index 12,32 kWh/Nm³
Methanation
Product Gas
4,0%
H2
CH4 96,0%
CO2 7,5%
H2
12,2% CO
0,02%
CH4 80,3%
Vol.%
LHV LHV
Comparison Electricity, Electricity/H2 , SNG via AER Process
31
63
33
14 43
35
17
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
electricity H2 + electricity SNG
efficiency [%]
LHV(H2/SNG)_out/(LHV_bio_in+P_el) P_el_out/(LHV_bio_in+P_el_in) Q_out
Wasserstofferzeugung aus erneuerbaren Quellen AER-Prozess
Motivation
Prinzip des AER-Prozesses Ergebnisse
Ausblick
AER-Leuchtturm-Projekt mit Anbindung an das
“Biosphärengebiet Schwäbische Alb”
Vorhaben:
¾ Transfer AER-Ergebnisse in neues 10 MWth Kraftwerk
¾ Kooperation mit Industrie, Energieversorger, Unis
¾ Standort zwischen Geislingen und Widderstall:
Fernwärme-, Erdgasnetz, Biomasse vorhanden
¾ FuE-Plattform „BtG“ (Biomass-to-Gas) am Kraftwerk etablieren:
Æ wissenschaftliche Begleitung
Æ innovative Nutzung des AER-Produktgases
