International cooperation to reduce inequality
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Executive summary
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I. Inequality in Latin America
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1. Latin America is the most unequal region in the world
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2. Inequality constricts develop- ment and hinders citizenship
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II. Beyond poverty, targeting inequality
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1. Socio-political factors nurture inequality
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3. Inequality and income distribution
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response systems and non-communicable GLVHDVHV SDUWLFXODUO\ WKH DGYHUVH HIIHFWV RI WREDFFRZKLFKLVDIIHFWLQJWKH\RXQJSRSXODWLRQ LQ WKH UHJLRQ DQG WKH LPSURYHPHQW RI KHDOWK VHUYLFHV
7KH UHIRUP RI ZHOIDUH V\VWHP LQ /DWLQ$PHULFD as indicated previously, would require decisive VXSSRUW IRU WKH SXEOLF VHFWRU ZKLFK KDV EHHQ particularly weakened by privatisation processes LQYDULRXVFRXQWULHVLQWKHUHJLRQ
5. Labour rights
&RPPLWPHQW WR WKH VWUHQJWKHQLQJ RI LQVWLWXWLRQV to monitor and enforce legislation on labour VWDQGDUGV FRXOG KDYH DQ LPSRUWDQW LPSDFW LQ creating enabling environments to promote decent ZRUN DQG ZDJHV LQ /DWLQ $PHULFDQ FRXQWULHV
&RQVLGHULQJ WKDW LQ UHFHQW GHFDGHV HFRQRPLF UHVWUXFWXULQJLQWKHUHJLRQKDVPHDQWDGHFUHDVH
LQ WKH FROOHFWLYH EDUJDLQLQJ SRZHU RI ZRUNHUV¶
organisations, it would be of utmost importance WRVWUHQJWKHQWUDGHXQLRQVRUJDQLVDWLRQVWKURXJK ELODWHUDODJUHHPHQWVRUWULODWHUDODFWLRQVZLWKWKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO /DERXU 2UJDQL]DWLRQ ,/2 DQGRU ZLWK UHJLRQDO WUDGH XQLRQ RUJDQLVDWLRQV VXFK DV WKH &RQIHGHUDFLyQ 6LQGLFDO GH 7UDEDMDGRUHV \ 7UDEDMDGRUDVGHODV$PpULFDV&6$
6. Education
$V VHHQ DERYH KLJKHU HGXFDWLRQ LV D FRPPRQ priority in Latin American as well as in Norwegian LQWHUQDWLRQDOFRRSHUDWLRQ'HVSLWHWKHGLIIHUHQFHV in university systems, curricula and language, it ZRXOG EH KLJKO\ LPSRUWDQW WR GHYRWH SDUW RI WKH international cooperation resources to increase WKH UHJLRQDO 5 ' FDSDFLW\ 7KLV FRXOG EH LPSOHPHQWHG WKURXJK XQLYHUVLW\ H[FKDQJHV DQG VSHFLDOMRLQW5 'SURMHFWV
7. Environment
&RPEDWLQJGHIRUHVWDWLRQDQGIRUHVWGHJUDGDWLRQLV DSULRULW\LQ1RUZHJLDQLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRRSHUDWLRQ 8QIRUWXQDWHO\ WKLV WRSLF GRHV QRW DSSHDU DV LPSRUWDQW DV LW VKRXOG EH LQ /DWLQ $PHULFDQ SROLFLHVWRGHFUHDVHLQHTXDOLW\
A proactive initiative linking environmental protection and inequality reduction could be LPSOHPHQWHG WKURXJK WKH SURPRWLRQ RI MRLQW actions by active environmentalist organisations H[LVWLQJLQERWKSDUWLHV
Conclusions
7KH GHYHORSPHQW DQG VWUHQJWKHQLQJ RI participatory democratic institutions at national DQGVXEQDWLRQDOOHYHOVWKHHPSRZHUPHQWRIFLYLO VRFLHW\RUJDQLVDWLRQVWRPDNHWKHPDEOHWRWDNH part in decision-making processes of key social policies at governmental and parliamentary OHYHOV DQG WKH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI DI¿UPDWLYH actions measures, constitute strategic priorities WRRYHUFRPHLQHTXDOLW\IURPWKHERWWRPXS
$Q DFWLYH UROH RI WKH VWDWH LQ HQIRUFLQJ ODERXU ULJKWV DQG SURPRWLQJ GHFHQW ZRUN IULHQGO\
HQYLURQPHQWDO SROLFLHV DQG 5 ' DW KLJKHU education institutions would be complementary
PHDVXUHV WR UHGXFH LQHTXDOLW\ IURP WKH WRS GRZQ
$ PXOWLQDWLRQDO SDUWQHUVKLS WR HQIRUFH WKLV combination of institutional and social reforms, VSHFL¿FDOO\ RULHQWHG WR RYHUFRPH LQHTXDOLW\
FRXOGEHWKHGDZQRIDQHZVWDJHLQLQWHUQDWLRQDO FRRSHUDWLRQ
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3UHVV
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³:DJH LQHTXDOLW\ LQ /DWLQ$PHULFD D GHFDGH RI FKDQJHV´CEPAL Review,YRO$SULOSS±
'H %DUURV 5LFDUGR 3DHV )UDQFLVFR + * )HUUHLUD -RVp 5 0ROLQDV 9HJD DQG -DLPH 6DDYHGUD&KDQGXYLMeasuring Inequality of Opportunities in Latin America and the Caribbean,:DVKLQJWRQ'&7KH:RUOG%DQN GH)HUUDQWL'DYLG*XLOOHUPR(3HUU\)UDQFLVFR +* )HUUHLUD 0LFKDHO :DOWRQ 'DYLG &RDG\
:HQG\&XQQLQJKDP/HRQDUGR*DVSDULQL-R\FH -DFREVHQ<DVXKLNR0DWVXGD-DPHV5RELQVRQ .HQQHWK 6RNRORII 4XHQWLQ :RGRQ Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean:
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6RFLDO 2UJDQL]DWLRQ DQG 3HUIRUPDQFH Confronting Theory with Nordic Lessons, KWWS ZZZVYXLRQRHVRSHQJOLVKDERXWVWUDWHJ\
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