Progress in surface and subsurface water studies at plot and small basin scale

(1)

INTERNATIONAL HYDROLOGICAL PROGRAMME

_____________________________________________________________

Progress in surface and

subsurface water studies at plot and small basin scale

10

^th

Conference of the Euromediterranean Network of Experimental and Representative Basins (ERB)

Turin, Italy, 13 – 17 October 2004

Convened by : ERB, UNESCO/IHP (NE FRIEND Project 5) and National Research Council of Italy (CNR) – Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection

PROCEEDINGS

Edited by F. Maraga and M. Arattano

IHP-VI ⏐Technical Documents in Hydrology ⏐ No. 77 UNESCO, Paris, 2005

(2)

Published in 2005 by the International Hydrological Programme (IHP) of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 1 rue Miollis, 75732 Paris Cedex 15, France

IHP-VI Technical Document in Hydrology N°77 UNESCO Working Series SC-2005/WS/56

The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for education or nonprofit use, without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. As a courtesy the authors should be informed of any use made of their work. No use of this publication may be made for commercial purposes.

Publications in the series of IHP Technical Documents in Hydrology are available from:

IHP Secretariat | UNESCO | Division of Water Sciences 1 rue Miollis, 75732 Paris Cedex 15, France

Tel: +33 (0)1 45 68 40 01 | Fax: +33 (0)1 45 68 58 11 E-mail: ihp@unesco.org

http://www.unesco.org/water/ihp

Printed in UNESCO’s workshops Paris, France

(3)

! " # $ % & '

&" & ( &" ) ( * & &

( *( + !

&" ) ( * & &

, - !- - # &

. * / - 0 - (

1 %& &" " & - -

* $ "- # 2 *- ) (

# & & ) - & -

) * ) * - - *

3 - 3 ( , -

2 4 - . - /

, - &" -

3 - 3 2 *- 3 2 *

, & - - 4

, 0 - * - 4 &" 2 &

3 & 2 - * - (

1 - 1 * * - 0" "

& ) & - ) * 3 - # & , * - 0 - $ & 0

&" ) ( * & & . * / ( 0

) , 5 ( . & 6 & (7 " 6

, / - - 1 %& &" " & - $ % - # & & ) - 3

- 2 4 - , - 3 - $ . - 1 6

/ ( 8 " ) $ (

(4)

!& 9:;< / & # &

!& 9:;; * (

6 / 6 6 - = , 6 : > & ?-

- 9:::- @AB 6 9::A 1 * * 0" "

0 ! 6 ! ( 6 6- &6 6 6 BB- 0" * - CBD 6

9::@ ! E *

( *( 6 6 9@A- 1 * - 9:; 6

9::B &

/& ) 6 6 > & ?- 6 @;- 6 @ C- & - 9::'- 9C; 6 9::< 2 * # &

0 &" & $ & ( *( 9B- !- - 9::D- 9:: 6 9::; 3 2 & 4 &" 2 &

$ & ( *( CD- !- - @AAA- @:< 6

@AAA )" *

0 &" & $ & ( *( <<- !- - @AAC- 99@ 6

@AA@ $ $

0 &" & $ & ( *( <D- !- - @AAC- @'< 6

! " # $%%&'

/ 2 4 1 %& &" " &

* # F 0 &" ,

* ) * ) * * ( 5"

4 &" 2 & , 0 ,

# ( , %

# & $ . # & & )

) ( " 2 4 , &

( # & , * 0" " 1 G

3 2 * 3 E * 3

G !""!

" ( ) "* + , # $%%&'

4 &" 2 &- # - ) (- 0" " - - - - 6 3

(5)

0" & * & & 2 & " 9A^"

& " &"

& 6 0" & & * 4 % ( " " ! " # $

% & ' H &" "( * & 2 * &" & & &" * * H

" &" ) ( * & & 0 - (6

0" # $

& 2( " & &" 9:;<6 0" 2% & "

7

2 " " 2 2 & &" 2(

&" * - 2 ( * & &

2 & 2 2 " *

2 &" 2

0" %& & ( " 9; 2 & 6 , 2 & 2( "

& " * - " &" 2 & ( 6

& 2( & 6 0" )

/ 2 ( & ( ( * " & & 6 * %&

& & " * &" * * * * "

& 6

0" & " %& - " &" 2 " ( &

( 6 2 " * * -

& - & &" - &" * * " " 2 6 "

3 6 I 6

0" 2 / ( " &" &" &

2 9B@ 2 * " 6 0"

2 2( ,/) # 3( - # & 6

0" , ! " !

! ! # ' & 2 * ( " "

& &" 2 * - &

&(& * " "( * " & & & & 6 # $

2 * " & 6 /2 9A 9' & *

&" ( & ( & 2 % & '6

# $ % & ' & " & &

" &" * * * " & & 6

/ 2 " & 2 2 "

" 1 61 I 6 2

# $ % & ' " 3 " I "6 2 6 7

" 7JJ 26 ( 6& * 6 J J 6"

" 7JJ 6 "6 2 6 J " J 'J 6"

(6)

" -

0" & @AAB % ( * 4 " " 9A^" ) / 2 (

2 " ! "

# $ % & ' *6

0" & & 2( ( 9AA & * 9D & 7 / -

* - 4 &" 2 &- # & - ) * - ) (- (- 3 " - 3 2 *- -

* - - - 4 - 0" " 6

# * & 2 " ! * 4 * " &

& K * & 6

# & & * 4 & * " *

& 7

9 & 2 & L

@ & + & L

C 1 K ( K ( " L

B 1 " &" - -

2 L

' / &" & " & *

& 6

0" " ( " & " &

& / / * ( " -

2 ( * & "( * * & ( -

2 6

0" & " & 2 CA & " C; " 2

- 2( " & * 9< & * - 4 &" 2 &- # & -

) * - ) (- (- 3 " - 3 2 *- - * - - - -

- 4 - 0" " 6

0" & 2 2 & *

& * * " & 6

0" ( * " *6 " " " (

" - * * * * & " "

& * 4 " & & " * && " @AAB

& & * 6

( % ) % *+

# $

&" ) "( * & & - &" & (

(7)

" # $ % & '

&

. )" / ( "* / / ( 0 1 1/*)

1 1 "* ! )"

0 - (

9C^"+ 9D^"!& 2 @AAB

2

&& 36- , #6- , & 06

,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 9

3 86- 3 - /6- ) #6

- ,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 :

& 6- 3 &4 ,6 . / #

0 1 2 / 3 $,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 9'

,6- . * 06- ,6 ,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 @9

6

3% ,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 @D

0 &" & 6- ,6- E /6 0 4 56 /7

,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 C'

$ 3

( ,6- 0 ,6- % 6 8

) 6

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 B9

** 6- /6- 1 4 * 86- 3N &" 6 (

0 9 ,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 BD

E 4 8686- & 636- $ %& 686 6- " 6!6/6- 1 6,6,6

1 : ,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 'C

(8)

, 6- 2 6- , 6 ,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 ':

,6- 6- E O 6 ( / ,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 <'

36- &" #6- 36- 6- ( 86 #6- E 06- , * 6- ,6- 0 4

6- 0 " 56

,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 D9

0 6- 1 %& 6- 1 6

8 ; ,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 D'

. 44 6- ) * 6 /

,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 ;C

. $6- ) 6 ) / 0

#. - ( $,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 ;:

4 0 5 5 -

E O /6- 2 P O 36- & & 6- OP 86- 4 56 /7

<=>!?!""@ ,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 :'

&4 86- 5 4 ( ,6 3

( #0 1 $,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 9A9

0 &" & 6- E 06 0" " ; /A / ,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 9A:

& 0 - - 6 6

# /6- 3 36

,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 99'

E " ,6- 2 & 6- 3 4 6- 0" 6- !6- " 2 6- )Q /6

B -

,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 9@9

(9)

, "( 6- ,6- ) R 86,6 0

2 / #3 9 9 - ( $,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 9@D

,6- ) #6 0 #. -

1 $,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 9CC

5 2 /6- , S 4 ,6- / *Q 6 &

& , 1 ,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 9C:

, - 7 -

,6- ) ,6- )6- . * 6 &

#*C $,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 9B'

$ % 6- 6 6- 36- 3 6/686- )6- E * ,6 )

D / / #0 / $ ,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 9'C

) 2 56 0 % & 2 ,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 9':

, 6- , 6

% , ( ,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 9<'

,6 0 #0 $

,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 9D9

0 2 /6- , )6 E F 2 / % # C $

- - ,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 9D:

. /6 / ) 0 ,

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 9;'

7 -

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM6 *6 9:9

(10)

!" #" !$

% & ' ( ) * + , ,

! " #

$ " " % &&'( )

! * *

*

) + , * ! !

-

* -

" % (

! *

%. &/0(

% " &&'(

1 " 2

* !

%+ 3 4005( 1 !

+ , * ! %+,*( +

! + 6 3 6 %636 3#(

%3 &//(

%, 7 " &&'8 3 4000( 9

%, 400:(

" ;

1

% 6 (

%$ " "

&&'(

1 %

< &&5( "

(11)

4

=

$ " " % &&'(

+ ! 1 3

3 *

*

%$ &>0()

∑

=

= ) − % (

8 # 8 ,

+,* ! "

! 0 ?

* )

=

) ^⇒

∑

⁻

=

= − -$

#

%4(

) = ⁻. ^⇒

∑ ∑

=

−

=

−

− 



 



=  ^-$

-$

/

. /

. %:(

.

) = ^⇒ =.⋅ ₋ + ^%5(

. 1 %4(

) . # 1 %:( .

+,* +,*0 1 %5( * # .

"

* " 1 %5( .

1

" - %$ " " &&'()

( ) ( ) ( )

⁾

0 +

−

= %?(

% ( % ( % ( % (

% ( <% ( )

( )

¹

0 = θ−θ ⋅ _%'(

θ θ + %θ@θ(

1 < _!

) 3

(12)

:

6 1 )

( )

^%

0% 2

+ 0 

 



⋅

= %>(

( )

0% 2

34+ ⋅0

= ^%/(

( )

0% 2

. 0

) 



 



⋅

= %&(

.

" % (

"

*

%A 6 400 (

6 %, (

1

1 "

!

B 4004 4005 3 % * (

%6 " 6 &&>(

) 0 40 50 0 ?

# B 6 400:

1

4 C D

0 +

< %B 4004 B

400:( %6 400: 4005(

0

? 0

? 40 4?

:0 :?

50 5?

: B 04 6 04 0 # 04 0& B 0: 0 0: 0& 0: 0/ B 0: 0' 6 0: 0? # 0: 05 B 05 05 05 0: 05

%E(

0 4 5 ' / 0 4 5 '

%(

F F

4) 7 C D ! ,

* . +,* % 1 4 5(

% 400: B 400:( -

(13)

5

:

C D +,*

+,* ! 1

C D +,* %4(

+ G⁴

+,* %5( .@0 & %0 /0 0 &/(

%4( 636

3#

:) 7 C D +,*

) ( (

!" ##$%$ & # '$& $ &( ⁾( # $## & ' # * + %* ,

- ' .

, 'H0:H0: 0?H0'H0: 4:H0>H04 0?H0'H0:

, . # G⁴ . # G⁴

0 ? 0 ?& 0 ? 0 /

0 0 /,01 0 0 /,!1

∑⁻

=

= − -$

# /

/

1 %4(

0 / 0 ?' 0 / 0 /

0 / ? 0 ': 0 > ? 0 /

0 : 0 0 /4 0 & 0 0 44

∑ ∑=

−

=

−

− 





=  ^-$

-$

/

. /

. 1 %:(

0 5 / /,20 0 ? / /,)3

, .^5/ +,*0 G⁴ .^5/ +,*0 G⁴

0 /0 40 0 >& 0 /0 0 0 4 0 &/ 40 0 04 0 &/ 0 0 ?' .⋅ +

= − 1 %5(

0 & 40 /,1/ 0 &&4 45? /,04

7 - +,*

: + G⁴

%5( %G⁴@0 '>(

9 +,* %5( .

% 1 ?(

.

+,*

% 5 ( G⁴@0 /4 + % 5 (

" %G⁴@0 /&(

%G⁴@0 ?'(

: / 4:

4/

::

:/

5 + 0: 5 + 0: 45 + 0: 5 0: 5 0: 45 0: : B 0:

%E(

0 0 0 4 0 : 0 5 0 ? 0 ' 0 >

0 / 0 &

+,*

F F

+, * % 1 4(

+, * % 1 :(

+, * % 1 5(

: / 4:

4/

::

:/

/ B 04 ' 6 04 4' 9 04 ? ; 04 : 0: 4? 0: 5 0:

%E(

0 0 0 4 0 : 0 5 0 ? 0 ' 0 >

0 / 0 &

+,*

F F

+, * % 1 :(

+, * % 1 5(

( (

(14)

?

5) 3 +

, * ! ( (

+,* 1

!

; G 1

*

6

? 3 +

?

* " C D

+,* %4( #@? +

6<3 )

5 =α⋅ +β⋅60 +γ ⋅+ ^{% 0(}

31 8 ,

α β γ + '

6<3

* 6<3 6 3

6 ?

% ' (

0

? 40 4?

:0 :?

50 5?

4: B 04 44 + 04 4 6 04 4 9 04 40 # 04 40 ; 04 & B 0: / 0: 40 0: & + 0: & 0:

%E(

0 40 50 '0 /0 00 40 50

+,*%(

F F

+,* % 1 5(

? 0

? 40 4?

:0 :?

50 5?

' 6 0: ' 9 0: ? # 0: ? ; 0: 5 B 05 : 05 5 05 : + 05

%E(

0 40 50 '0 /0 00 40 50 '0 /0 400

+,*%(

F F

+,* % 1 5(

(15)

'

?) C9 D

) ( ( +,* %5(

') G 3 1 0

( C D !

( + , * ! ?

-

"

+

-

+ $ 3 + %4005( + 1 3 % 3(

" 6 4005 *

3 5 > B 4005 I 9 J " $

)5 /,20)1

? 0

? 40 4?

:0 :?

50 5?

? 0 ? 40 4? :0 :? 50 5?

F F %E(

%E(

)5 /,6033 0

40 50 '0 /0 00 40 50 '0 /0

0 ? 0 ? 40 4? :0 :? 50

F F %E(

+,*%5(%(

( (

0 00 0 0?

0 0 0 ? 0 40 0 4?

0 :0

0 00 0 0? 0 0 0 ? 0 40 0 4? 0 :0

9 G 3

6G3

0 000 0 0?0 0 00 0 ?0 0 400 0 4?0 0 :00 0 :?0 0 500

0 000 0 0?0 0 00 0 ?0 0 400 0 4?0 0 :00

9 G 3

6G3

( (

)5/,1/64 ⁾5/,66)!

(16)

>

3 K ; G < % &//( + 7 $ 7 # L "

3 3 G # # 6 3 %4000( 6

* ) 7 7 - % ( 6 *+6 ; +

, + %3+( :5? :5&

" ; G - * 3 % &&'(

B 7 : > % /5(

B 6 < % &&5(

< G G :0' :0>/ % (

$ " " . , 9 < % &&'( -

B 7 : ?4 % /5(

$ ; % &>0( 7 " , < * 3 *#3 ,

< %#L(

. , . G % &/0( G 4 +

< G G 0:5 055 %: (

, K 7 " G 7 % &&'( G ) 7 M B 7

& % (

, , 3 ; 6 B %400:( +

< G G : 5 :4/ %:&(

6 " 6 % &&>( ) 7 : 0 6 " , +

A 3 L 6 K , %400 ( -

7 , :0? : & % ?(

(17)

!

"

# $ %& ' ' ( ) * + , ", - !

.' & ' / 0 1 2 !

! ! ! "

! # $ ! ! % &' () % * ! # + , !

, , % ! % - !

! ! ! ! % , ./# ! - - ! ,

! - % ! / 0/.1 &! % ! ! -

! ! 2 *

! ! % , 3 % 4

3 4 , 5 ! 6 !! - ''7 & , ! %

% , ! * ! ! " ! , % ! 8

- , ! ! ! ! ! - !

! 9 - ! % % +

, % ! ! ! ! , ! % ,

% ! ! % % ! , ! !

: , ! 0 ! ! % ./#

%

% , % ! - , , % 5 -

5 - - - , ! % ! - -

, ! - ! , % , 0 !

+ , , ! ! ! % ,

, ! ! % ! ! %% & !

;< = ;* , ! % ! ! !

% , ! - ! ! %

, ! , % ! % 0 # $

! ! % + ! & , % ! % %

! % ! , % ! * ! %

! % , 5 ! !! - ''7

9, + ! 5 , , ,

, & 2 % > % 7 * % % % ,

! % 3 % 4 3 4 9 - % % & ?*

& 2 % 9 9 );< - * , !

, , % , @ ! - % ! A

! . , ! % , - %

! % % , % , ! , % ! ! ! % ! , -

! ! % - - # $ ! ! %

(18)

'

# $ ! ! % &18 1> 7'* ! - # +

, + > & * ! ! % ' () % - %

( 6(B % ! % +0 % 6 %% %

! - ;'' %% & '' * ! ! % % , ! -

, - ! ! - 76C

! ! % / ! + ! - , !

: 0 # $ ! ! ! % ! %

& '' < '' < ''7*

, % ! - - ! ! , !

! ! % . , % % ! % ! ,

- , ! ! % ! ! ! - ! ! !

& , *

! , , ! + & * !! - , ,

0 - % %% , . -

! ! % !! - - % , !

, - D + - -

! % ! % ,

% ! % , , % !

&% ! * ! -

! . , 2 !

# $ ! ! % :

E F ' 76 +' ' 6 " F776 F' G' '

D E &%% '% ⁺* " &!%*

(19)

H ! ! %

! % ! % %

/ ! ! , ! ! !

! - , ! ! ! % ! ! , - ,

! ! I

!! ! ! ! , ! %

% 'C ! ! % - , !

: 8 % 7 % !

, 6 - ! % ,

! ! ! % , - ! ! &./#* ! - -

! . ! - % - % !

- & % * ! ! %

./# , > >J /# , ! % ! % !

, % ! ! % 2 % & ) *

% % ! ! ./# ! ! & 6 K ' % ⁺*

% ! & - * ./# ! ! &( 6

K ' 7 % ⁺* , !

% , , % - , ./# % ,

! %

% ! ! , % ! % % %

2 ! , ! % % , % !

% % , % % - I !

! , ! % % % - !

% % ! ! 'C ! ! % !

, ! - % ! , ! % / 0/.1 & -

J , ; * % ! " H ! ,

1 % & H1* % & - '' * '''' % %

3 4 %

% ! ! , ! ! %

% ! ! - % %

!

!"

!#

!

$%&

!

$%& !

' '

( $&

% % % % % % % % % % % %

)

(20)

'C ! ! % ! - % ! , - , & *

% - % %

! ! , ! % ! !

& % * % ! % ! %

! % % ! ! - !

! 2

% ! ! ! ! ! - !

# % % - %

! # - % ! / 0/.1

! ! " , ! , ! , % % 5 ,

& ! * ! & - 6*

! , ! % - %

! & 7*

I - ! ! ! !

% ! , % ! ! L -

! ! , % ! ! % 2 % %

- ! - % ./# ! - %

% ! % ! % ./#

! !

7: / - ! ' C ! ! % %

./# % - 6

! % - -

% ! ! - !

% & * ! ! % -

! - 7 ! - > - ,

% % % % % "% % #%

! *

!*

!+*

!

$%&

!

$%& $%&

)

, -./

, 0 ,

(21)

7

! + , %% & ! !

- % ! - 6* ! ! ! %

-

% ! , ! ! ! %

% ! , , ! - ! ! %

, % ! - ! H - ! !

! ! ! % & '' < ''7* ! % % ,

:

+ . , ! & - * ,

! ! % % % ! 3 ! 4 !

& ! ! ' 7' C*

! " # !! $ !! $ % & ! ! $ % #% '$ ( & % )*+

$ ! $ , % -" # & % % ! , % " (, ! %. / 0 %

8

&%%*

8 ! !

&C*

!

& *

&C*

!

&./#*

&C*

!

& % *

&C*1

1- 6( 7 7' ' M6 +)7N M(B+) N M;B+ N

1- B B B M( +;(N MB7+B(N M (+ BN

1- 7 6( ) 7 ' M (+6BN M7)+))N M;(+ 'N

1- 6 )6 ; 6( M6'+;7N M6(+; N MB + N

1 ! % %

+ . ! - !

! ! ! ! - ! % %

- , , & ! ! 6'C*

+ , ! ! - ! ! %

% % % ! ! ! ,

! - % !

% % ! ! ! ,

5 ! 0 ! ! % - % ! - %

! % ! , % !

!

! ! & - , !

* % ! ! , ! ! %

- - % ! ! %

I % , % ! % ,

- ! % % , , - , % ! 0 ! ! %

% - - , - & * %

% @ % , , ! ! %

! % , ! % ! ,

% - ! ! ! ,

, % % , % ,

! ! " , % ! ! ! ! ! %

(22)

6

2 3

! ! 8/9I>10 &81L '' + )B+#' +' A9I.*

I8I918/> &81L ''7+'B);BA9I.* @ ! , > - % 10 E>I0

&1$J +# + '' +'' * @ ! , 1 # %% -

% #>I# ! ! ! &I7 %% * > - , / - O 9

!

4

- J & * 9, 3 4 5 6 78 8 8'! '

> % H J 7 +7 ;

- J , & * % : 0 ! ! , !

I : J - I . 0 &1 * 3$ 8 9 * 78 84

D , P > ;+ 6)

- J J , 0 & ; * , ! ,+ - ! % , ,

78 - 6 & *: 67+)

- J & '' * 15 , % ! , % % ! !

% ! % 2 - % , % H1 % ,5

& 3 78 8 6 & +6* +

0 ! 0 & ;* # % , % !+ , ! % , % : ! - !

! ! 378 4 ' 84 I 9> Q 66 )(+ B6

$ 5 " 1 > & % * # + ! % - ,

./# !+5 , + 0 %

, ! ! & % - 4 ' 8*

- J & % * H ! ! % % !

! , ! ! & % : ; *

8 R= . & '' * 9, ! ! !

% 0 % ! ! % , 78 8 4 8 ' )

&7*: ( ;+(7;

= 0 0 ! $ >! & ;* # %= = ! %

S , , % 5 S , 5 S= ! 378 4 ' 84 I 9>

Q 66 77+ 6'

9 . 9 8 & );* ! ! % !

% I : D 1 > 9 D &1 * 3< 78 84 % ;(+ '

& ''7* 1 ! % T ! ! ! % U % V

&$ ! # * . H - ! )

& '' * > , % ! - ! 0

% ! ! % &$ ! # , * I : 9 0 U @ W J

&1 * 3 ! 8 !! 4 ' 4' 48 80 ' 44

! 18 '' I # ! . %X - U > - (+ BA' A ''

;7+ ;

& ) * . % ! % ! %

! % , : ; ; 4 ( & *: 67B+66(

> % J & 7 * > % % , + % 6 = ; 'B: (' +('(

(23)

! " " # $ % &'() #

& * + , " - + ". / /

& 0 1 2 $- . / /

! " #

$ $ # " $ # $ # #

# # $ % & # $ '

())) ())* # # $

++) % , " $ $ % # & #

" & # % !

# # $ % $ $

% $ # -

" & # . $ #

$ & # $ % % # $

& #

/ " " " & # "

# " $ % $ "

! $ $ 0# 1

$ # " # " # $ # # "

# % % % 2

# % # #

#

3 # 3 % #

$ # 4 " +567 , " +6 7 . # , " ++*!" $

3 $ " % 2 8 " $ $ #

$ & # $ # " $ & # $

% & # $ #

#

9 % # & #

: $ - !

$ # $ # % ; # ! ' #

# # # $ % & # $

$ $ # #

# ! % $ # & #

# # #

$ ; #

!" # # $ $ # " $ #

# % #

# & # % ())) ())*

# # $ ++)

(24)

<

!"#$

% &

# '() %

% ( (*(+# * ,(&%

% + "+ &

; # / % #

- .( # * # .(

/01//1 2333

)&*)&*

; # (/ = % # / 4 = >

= ,0 2 " $ 2 !

(25)

5

; # ! $" > =

4 = " # " ? )!" $ #

, # 2 + ! $

@ @ ( $ & $ $ < $ < ( $ % !

$ & $ < ) $ 3 # # ; $ #

" $ " & $ * ) $ # ; # (! -

# $ 5 $ $ > = 4 =

" 8 # & $ ( $

% $ ?5 )! $

/ :8_@⁰⁽" ?.8_*⁰" #^A(" . ^A( 4 " ())(! $ # 3

% @ ) $ 4 > = () $ #

$ & $ $ & @* ) $ $ $

# " # : % : $

# # % $ % ) # ) $ !" %

$ $ $ : # " % # $ #

# # # $ 2 # #

" " $ $ %

# & # " +5)7 9 0= " ())(!

$ & # " $ % $ !"

! # $ $ $

9 0= " ())(! # & # B C!

$ $ % C D $ !" # 2 /

! 4 = > = !

C 1_C! A ' '_A! A B _C D ) !

! 8 !

C 1_C! A ' '_A! ?_C A B _C D ) (!

/

B _C D -_C ,_C *!

C $ $$!7 1_C $ %

$ $$!7 ?C $ % C $$!7 '

# # C $$! '_A C $$!7 -_C ,_C #

2 % $$!

% % $ $ # $ #

% ; # ! 1% $ # $ $ $

$ " +@6! % % $ # E % $

E % " +5 !⁽

# & # % 2 % "

# % # 2

, ()))" - $ ? # F % 4 ! % $ #

( $ 9 % $ $ #

(26)

6

& # # # #

()))0())* $ % $ ; # *!" % $ +++

3 $ ! " #$ % & $ '( % $ !

& # # " $ 2 4 #

% # # " % $ $

# # & # ! ' ( ' & $ '(

$ G # 2 3

" $ #0 $ & #

% $ # $ # # # # . #

# # # $ $ B $ %" +5)! $

$ $ $ +/ $ 2 $ ) /

2 !

) )

# & $ $ & - # # #

$ # $ " ? $

# # % 2 8 2 %

& # & $ " $ 2 0

" 2

$ 2 $ $ # % () $

8 # # () $

. (< ) $ 8 2 . "

% $ # %

# % $ ) H ) ( H H"

# # $ 2 $ " &

4 = > = " # 0 & %

# 3 ) $ % 3

# $ " %

$ 2 8 " $

$ $ $ $ #

2 1 % # (6 + > = ! *@ ) $

4 = ! 2 4 =

> =

, # # # # % 0

$ ! # % % $ > =

# 4 = ; # (! , # # % (+ $ !" #

# % % $ $ $ 2

% ; # (!

* ) +

' $ # G $ 2 # #

++) , ())) ())* $ %

% & # 01 ; # *! $ %

% $ % ())) ())*

# $ $

# $ I ())) , ())( % $

& # 01! <) $$

% $ & # 2

> = 4 = ; # *,!" # %

% $ $ & # 01!

(27)

+

# $ %

% > = # 4 = # #

# > = ! , " 4 = " $

% 5() $$! # > = @) $$! ' #

$ % $ & # 01!" # # #

# # # % ; # @

'⁽J ) +5 % ) ) ! 4 # # "

0 8 $ 7 $ % (5) $$ ; # * !

())) ())*" # #

; # *! ? % " " # % %

# # % )) $$ % @ ! 3 $ $ 2 3

% " 2 & # 3

$ $ $ $

$ % # # & # # $

# # # 2 % $ )" !

# $ , # ()))

8 $ # : # % : $ : %

2 # 8% " # & #

# # 2 ! 5@@$$

. $ # $ & # $ %

# $ & #

; # */ . $ $ ())) ())*/

, > = " $ )7 8 " $ +

% & # " ( % " * # & # "

@ # # # " $ !

(28)

()

! "#!

$$

$

- .( # * # .(

; # @/ ' # # # 4 =

> = # $ % !

' % $

# - # "

& # # $

$ $ # 4 = 8 ! 8 %

$ $ 4 = > = !

" $ # #

% # # $ #

, " " " I , +6 ! & "

" + /4 ' ' 5 @!" *+0 )

9 0= " 1 ())(!3+ $ $ &1 $ 4 F4" 4

. #" K " , ++*!, & "

" = 4 * <!" +(+0+**

E %" , ' " , % " 3 " % " , , +5 ! 0 $ 1

" $1 1 1 = $ " #

" B +5)! ! $ 4 5 + 1 $ # # L = # " % @("

*

$ " ? +@6!, + # '

: " +*" () @

4 " ())(! 6 $ 7 $ 3 / " ! # 3 # "

, * 8 " ;8M" $ N ;8M" 4 " ( 0 (

4 " . +56!" , & "

4 ' ' @ (!" (@ 0( @

B $ %" . - +5)! $ $ " 9 $ * $ 1 :4 + 4

3 4 9 = # 8 " % )("

(29)

!" # $ % & " ' "(

! "

# $ " % & " ' $ #( # #

" # ## & # " # ( ( " " "

## # ) # " *( " & ( #

& " ) & # " # & # " " $

" " &( # " " + "

" # " "

, " # " " $ " #

- " # # " " # " ( &

) " " & % " . / # # !

0" ( # /

& ( " " # # " ! # # *

& 1 2223 " " $

( 4 ! # # * " # & #

" # # ( # " 0 / & & 0

& ( # " ( & # # (

# # 1 5673

4 & # " # # ( "

# ( " " #( # " # #

## & ( # 1 2223

# " & # " # " 0

" )8 *8* 1 2223

" #( # "

9! 1: 3 "

# $ " % & " #

' $ 67 ;2< #

" # ( 562 , 6

& , =<

>;2 &

# !" =22

# &+ " # (

( ? " # 62 " # *( "

& # " ( # " & "

& ; " ( " &( &

# & " ( " # 2

" # (0& " " ( ( ; " # & (

=2 " # & & " " "

1 5563

: 4 #

(30)

@( " " " " # " # "

& # " # " A ( " " B "

" # " # # " # "

"

) " & & # " # (

& # 2 & 9 CD ! # "

# " ( # # " E ( " 0

" " # " " " ( 1: 3 " #( & " # "

( # " # " ( , # 22 # #

# & (

! ! " ! # !

!$ % ! ! "

& ' ((( )*)+

: 4 E " # &( " " " (

" # " & # " # " " 2 ! 2 #

! " & # !"

& # " " " " & # " " & # " 0# 1: =3

# " " "

F 0=2 " , 0 "

F 0G2 " , 0> "

F= 07; " ,= 0;7 "

#

> 7 G 6 0 2 "

; 6 G 5 0 >2 "

G 5 > =2 0 G2 "

: =4 ) & # " # " " "

) & # " # " " " 0 " 1, F3 $

" # > " " : ( " G

0& " # " )

0 ( " ( 1 ; =2 G2 " &

# " 3 " & " / #

(31)

=

, " " "

# " & # " ## 20 #

# C # ( " ( 0 " 1

2223 ) & " 556

* " " ( # " " # ,

" $ " #

# " " H &

A ( # & " &

# " # ) & # " # (

" &( " ( ## # & "

& # " " $ - " # # # # " ( &

# " " # #

4 # " # " # # # " (

" " ( & & " # (

# ! ( , ( & # &

( & # " # # ) # " ! &

& & # " ## # # & # "

" " " # # ##

) " " ! # #

# & & % " . / " & & ( # "

# )D ?? # 0 # & (

1 5673 0 0 & ( )8 *8* 1

2223 ) ( " # "

B " # ' 556 1: >3

0" ( # / & (

" " # # " ! # #

1E E " 55= 55=&I 2223 # "

& # ( 4 ! # #

1J:3 " ( # 0 & ( * " #

& # " # # (

# " 0 / & &

: ; & # # # & # "

$ ,= &( )D ?? " & )8 *8*

# # ( ( " # "

# # #

(32)

>

( , - (

( , - .( . . ., .-

"/! ! "/ 0 11-

$%!"2&)3"/+

(

,(

-(

((

$"&)3"/+

4

4 5

6 7 !" 8

: >4 * ( # " # " # # # $ ,= F=

" # " " " #

(*(

(*.

*(

*.

*(

*.

*(

*.

*(

( , - .( . . ., .-

"/! ! "/ 0 11-

$%!"2&)3"/+ ^{) "!#} ^& ⁴ ⁺

! )# " & 9 )" +

(*(

*(

,*(

-*(

(*(

*(

( , - .( . . ., .-

"/! ! "/ 0 11-

$%!"2&)3"/+ ^{) "!#} ^& ⁴ ⁺

! )# " &! 2 )" +

: ;4 ) # # " & " ,=

" &( * )D 0?? 1 3 &( )8 *8* 1

& ( " 3 0 "

!

: G & # " # " &( % #

$ & # &( " 1# & (

" 3 0# " " # # & & ( 72

" , ! " # # " # " ( !

" # 0# * " " #

" ! !" (

(33)

;

(*(

(*.

*(

*.

*(

*.

*(

*.

*(

( , - .( . . ., .-

"/! ! "/ 0 11-

$%!"2&)3"/+ $ $ "

#2 % :; )" '

#2 % :; 9 )"

: G4 ) " # & # " ## & &( ( 0

(

@( & & # : 7 ##

" * " & + " # & #

(*(

(*

(*, (*-

*(

*

*,

*-

*(

( , - .( . . ., .-

"/! ! "/ 0 11-

67!"8&)3"/+

( . ,

<

-

$$"&)3"/+

6 7 !" 8

$ $ "

: 74 ) " # "

"

(34)

G

# " # " # # # " (

" " ( & & " # (

( # ! ( % # #

( # # "

" # # ## A # "" (

( " " # ( ( # # (

## " # ## #

" 4 # & # " # 0#

& # " # " # # 0 "

# # / " ## ( *

" # " ( + & # "

A # "" * " & " ( &

/ " & # " ## ( "

/ ( " # # " #

" "

, B # " & 0

# " ( " # " "

! " ( " # # #

" ( & " " # * # " (

# " ## # "

# # # & " &

" & &( " + " CG;2C;C2= * # ( #

9 # $ " % & " + " # $ " ," ( # )" " ) 2G2 2>

J " " , E K ' L , ) '

& ' M J " 1 5563 % " # J "

D ,## " &( % # 0% ## % ? $ " J + " %

C; 2C=C5G *N 2 N O J

@ @ E E " 1 55= 3 , * 0J ( # ) J #

# D ) ) " J D % " % 51 3 =2;0= 5

@ @ E E " 1 55=&3 9 # : 0A D # #

& ( ) * 0J ( D % " % 51>3 ;0 =6

1 2223 A& # ) & # " @ : J " ' $

% $ " % & " J " " @( ( F " ( J "

9 ?@J0 " " " @( ( H9) A J H =7 50

G

1 5673 D ?? 0 H " # 0* : & ( ) J

% " % H 67 * # @( " " @( (

, " ( D H

@ @ E % L E " 1 2223 :

0* * 0J & ( )( ) ( & @( " J '

@( ( =6 76065

(35)

! " #$ $$%&'( !

% " ) * + +

! "

!

# $ %&'' ( ! )

*+ , -

! . #

/ % ( 0 " 1 1 "

- 1 1 "

1

2 3 0

" .

4 -

) 5 %$ 6 77&(

% ( 0 2 , 8

- %9 : ;&*5 < 9 : ; +5 = 7;&:5 1 = 7;: 5( > &

/ %&(

" % (

%*(

2 10

(36)

?

&7

! , - "

. "

/. 0 1 "

- 2 0

0 - "

. ! "#

$%&

' #(

)*+ "#

, &"

* " -"!(*.

&"

* /"&

, /"

> &/ # , " -

01 2 - $

2

! &'': 77@

A %= (

2 A

: &7 " 7

8 " B

C 9 -

,

3D D E 8

! 3 ! 3

2 3 4 -5

8

F

"

G

$ "

3 % ( ∆"^{3 "}'%"₄ % ( 2

3 5678"9:&7 6 % ( % (

2 % (

/

H

∑

=&

H

∑

=

∆

⋅ "

& &7

θ %&(

θ ^% ⁽ ^% ^"

" .

&77 2 /

4$$3$+(;7θ;< $+(;7θ4$< 47θ'$< 4+;7θ#$< '7θ;$< '7θ($< '7θ&$ % (

(37)

'

$

% &'''( !

# $ ! ) %&'' (

3 %&'''(

1 3 %&'''(

/ 3 =⁰ ^*1* 2 ^*" = ^*I 0

3 " 0 /

J H J7

(

&

I%

&

( 7

&

& %

− −



 



 + −

0 0

0

=

0 %*(

0 2 2 /

H

∑ ∑

−

∆ +

−

(

%

(

%

&

0

0 =

=

= %@(

= >

2 0 2 0H7 : 3 %&'''( 1

3 =⁰ = 2 0 %*("

/

0

0 =

= _" − ⋅ _2"

⋅

=

∆ ^%:(

A " "

%

( > "

-

) !" & & #( 6 ) !! & 7 " ! ! 6

> "

> 8

8 " "

1 "

8 % B

( 8

"

/

%> *(

=2 2 %> @ (

2 %> @ (

1

: &&:

(38)

*7

. 1

&! #!" & + ! & " ! ! 6 & 6 *& !

7<&77 %∆3 ( %K (

8 9

8

9

)!(:#%;

8 9

8

9

8 9

8

9

8 9

8

9

8 9

8

9

)!(:#%;

8 9

8

9

8 9

8

9

8 9

8

9

/ & . "! "!( ( 6 *& ! ! +

-- 1 $ 22 2

< *% ! "# " % " !* := ;

$ +&"/ . ! "! "!( , ( 6 *& ! ! +

> / L ,

91&''@ 91&'': 91&''+ 91&'' 91&''? 91&''' 91777 9177& 9177 9177* 9177@

7

&77 77

*77

@77 :77

3%(

> */ 71&77

(39)

*&

&''@I': &'':I'+ &''+I' &''I'? &''?I'' &'''I77 777I7& 77&I7 77I7* 77*I7@

7

&77 77

∆%(

2 &∆∆∆∆ > % %

&''@I': &'':I'+ &''+I' &''I'? &''?I'' &'''I77 777I7& 77&I7 77I7* 77*I7@

7

&77 77

*77

@77 :77 +77

3%(

! 2

!

&''@I': &'':I'+ &''+I' &''I'? &''?I'' &'''I77 777I7& 77&I7 77I7* 77*I7@

! 2

!

&''@I': &'':I'+ &''+I' &''I'? &''?I'' &'''I77 777I7& 77&I7 77I7* 77*I7@

2 &∆∆∆∆ > % % : ;

:+;

"! "!( , ( 6 *& ! "! "!( ( 6 *& !

> @/ =2 71&77 % (

% ( $

"! ? $ +&"/

K H 7 '*@'K3 H 7 +?*

1&77 1:7 7 :7

&77

1 77 1&77 7 &77 77

@A :%%;

@(:#%;

"! ? / & B K H 7 **?+K3

H 7 ??&

1&77 1:7 7 :7

&77

1 77 1&77 7 &77 77

@A :%%;

@(:#%;

%1(

%M(

%1(

%M(

> :/ ) %K3 ( %K (

> :

K3

& %"# 6 *& ! ! 6 ", 7 % " #( 6 !

# 1 &':&1 77 =2

&* %! 1A ( *' ! 1

F

2 " "

A

# $ %&'' ( A N O

! ) ! + : >

3 2 0 %*( "

0 %@( &77 '

I &?7 +

$ H %J( " 2

> +

2 2 1 "

&':&1 77 &1? ^*I

1*@ 1&& " K H1+?

"

2

(40)

*

&':7 &'+7 &'7 &'?7 &''7 777

7 :

&7

%* I(

B

&':7 &'+7 &'7 &'?7 &''7 777

1&+7 1& 7 1?7 1@7 7

∆%(

> ? ∆ 3 %44'

> ∆ 3 %#@

> ∆ 3 %AB

: ;

:+;

> +/ A 2 % (

% (

&! #!" & + ! & " ! ! 6 & & %"# 6 *& ! ! 6

> K3 1K

"

1 77 1&77 7 &77 77

1&77 1:7 7 :7

&77

∆3 % (

B ∆%(

%1(

%M(

1 77 1&77 7 &77 77

1&77 1:7 7 :7

&77

∆3 % (

B ∆%(

%1(

%M(

H 7 @&7'2 M + 7?@:

H 7 ? *:

H 7 ?7&2 M ? '&@

H 7 @ +

> / %K (

%K3 (

-

"

1 = 0

8 1

(41)

**

A- $ 2

= -

) = " $ B 9 ' 1&@ A

! " ) - 8 B

9 @@@&I8AI&&:I 77* # C ! )

4

$ 6 " B % 77&( ! " &:" 7'1 &&

# " " $ " C %&'' (

C " &" &7&1&&*

" # %&'''( A /+ " &+:" *@'1* 7

3 " P %&'''( $

! " &*" &:1 +

3 " P " " ! %&'''( 3

/+ " &'" 71**

(42)

!" # $% % & ' ( " )

* ( " )

+ % & ( " )

,& ( -# " .

,& # & .

,& / 0 1# 2 . &

! ! " # # !

$$% & ' ( " ) * + " + + "

,- " # . + # !- /- ) #!

! ( 0 # " #+ # "

+ # 1 - " # # + ,

2 . 2 3# -

# # # !- + ! ! - + 44

! #+ " ! / $$53 44 +

6 # # " # " ( 7 8 # #

," -. " #+

# ! # + - - !

! " - " + + #+ !

# + , . " #+ + + 9

++ 8 # " + - + %4 # + : ! % ##

+ + ;4 # - " + - ++ 8 # - 54 ##

7 # + ! # # " ! < $ ## # #

"

1 " # # + ! # # + -

/- ) #!

! )2 7 + ! "

# "3 - - , 444. ( "

3 + ( + #+ #

# " # # ! =

- # > + ? 2 - !-

+ " ! " $54 $$ #! # " # (

+ - +

#+ " # + + " #

+- # + # ! +

- "

!" ! #

)2 @- # ! " ( 8+ # " ? 2

# - 54 # - 8 # " & ' ( ,A 0 .

(43)

;

" 5% (# 5 # + ! "

4 B + + % ## , $4 3 $ 4.

5 9 , $5 3 $$%. #+ - ! 6 6C)

! ( " + - # !- /-

) #! , - #. " + - + # # ! (3! " 2 43

# ( " !- 43 # ! " : 2 43 4 # ! " ,

- - " . ) 2 " # + 43 # - !

" > # ! ! "

+ , = . # ! ! ( +

" + - + , 444. ! -

+ + !

! " " # " -

+ + - # 5$B , $5 . 6; B , $$4. "

444 + $4B , 44 .

7 ! ! " # # !

$$% " 3 + )2 & - 3 D - )

* E F 7 )2 @- #

! $ ! % $ % $ #

" ( # + ! ! + 2 # " +

" + + + ! " ! # #

# $$5 , $$$G 444G 44 . ! " + !

! # ! 4 % # " #+ #

" + # : + ! - ,D .

+ - " - " $5$

- $4 $ + ! ! + # - #

# D + + - # " # -

+ " 1 ++ # + " + + +

: # , ++ 8 # - 64 - . +

! # !- + ! # !- # "

# # + -

D 1 > # + & ' ( " + # # " (

(44)

%

/ # + ! "

#! # H # # "

! ! #

# # - # "

# # ! + + 4 <

%4 # ,D . # # # " 4 #

# # +

# # + + , # ++ 8 # - 4

#. #! #+ #

+ ! ! " + , + 3

I ! . - $$5 44

D # " # J

# J- # ,J J. # " J

# - ! !! + # +

" + # +

+ # + -+ -

+ 4 64 ;4 # #! # # ( + ! "

$ $$53 44

J " + " # # 44

! , 44 # . " ( # 6 + # + ++

+ : % + ! " # 8 # #

4 # " # " # (

D 65 + ! " #

#! ( ,43 44 # . + + 8 ,J # *= +#

+ 443 444 # " # . ! 5 " 8 #

# 8 # # + 44 # " # @- "

# # #

7 " + ,H ) $$ . + +

, 6 #. , ++ " + .

+ , $ 6% $ #. : D - "

! + # " + ! "

D : # " # ! = 8 + -

# # #

D 1 7 " ++ + :

K ! " + + + # (

- + 8 ! " -

" #

D 1 J # #

!- + !

(45)

5

6 # # ,+ # # -. #

# + ! # $$53 44 + " ! + 8 # - -

- 44 " - ++ 8 # - 5B 3 # + +

" ! + + 44 " # # #

$; " - # ! !- : ' )@

# , 4 5 44 . 544 # " # ! 5 4 #

" # : / $$53 44 + # # # " (

8 # - " + , + + "# + . !

# + !

&

! # # ' ! ! #

F 8 # - - " " # # #+ "

#+ H + # + " "

8 #+ + , 0 ++ + 0

++ + :. D 6 H + 8 # - - , 4 5 4 .

, % % 44 4 $ 4 . "# + , ; 6 $5. D 8 # - " "

+ # # + # # # -

#+ " + !

D 61 + # # !- # + ! , .

# , (. > ! " + " -

-

" + ! + 4 4 # # - ! !- " 1

+ + - # # #+ #

+ ! ! ( @ # + # -

# - + ! ( # "

! , . - # # # !-

+ ! + & ' ( " " + @ + -

+ 4 # 8 ! # ++ #+ # #

" =

# # " # # # =

@ " # # #

# ! " - " #+ ! ! #

> 8# , $5 . #+ # # # !- + ! #

! ( D - # ,F ( : F . + -

(46)

$

- + # + #

+ ! F # + + ! + #

! 3 4 # # +

! # ! # " !

& # #+ + - + ! # "

8 # ," -. ! ++ 8 # #+ #

+ - ++ ;4 # + , . ++ %4 # , :. + -

! ++ " + "

: #! + # #! # + !

! "

# + + + #

+ " + ! ! -

! " " ,- # :. -

! " " + , ++ # " + + + .

- ! " " # 8 # + -

( )* ' + # ! # " ! , ! " ,! - # #

# 0 + !

> / +

+ , #. #! + -

,##.

#!

+

+ -

,##.

++ ;4 5 6

" ;4 $ %5 6 4

: %4 % 56

7 + - + ! %4 ## : -

+ - #+ # 4 5 44

! " # ,5 4 544 # "

# . ! - ! , ! 4 # "

# . " # : " # # !-

#+ + 544 # 4 # , " + +

6 #. # # - ! 4 # 9 # :

+ + + ! ! + -

!- ! + + , + !- . "

:

+ - ! " " + - # # !

: # # " + - ! " :

# + ! ! # "

+ # / - # $ ## + # # -

!- # # " + " + !

&

8 # ," - $$53 44 + . ! # # ( !-

# # + ! " #+ #

+ ,+ . ) #+ ++ 8 # + - +

= +# ,+ 9 + . " 8 #

(47)

64

+ - ! " - "

+ + + # ! # # # #+ !

/ " + - + # ! # - # $ ##

+ 0 - # " + ++ " +

! ( " #+ : # # + #

$$53 44 ! # # # + "

+ - ! 54 ## ! % ## : !-

+ + , + # - !- . ! !

# : ! -+ . 3 "

#+ - + !. # 8

-

D ! - " + - " # + !

# # 8+ + ! # # (

, + 4 4 #. ! 8+ -

.& /

J ! " # ! # # " ++ !- E AH& 4$%6 ; E

AH& DJ 4$% 6 E AH& 4$546 4 , $$%3 $$$. D - " !- HLH E

,/ ( : M( . H H9 49 9$; 3 /L 4 - * A7 0 I % ,*

+ K / ( : M( . HLH E 0 $ ,/ ( : M( . / # )@

" ( : ' " # 8 # - + + F

( " + / # D)* ) & / ( : M( # HLH E

0

> 8# 7 ? E 22 7 , $5 . @- + + D - #

J J J # ? 6 1 ;$ 3;$5

D A H , 444. D - # # # !- #

I (N - ## $$% , J (. *( O ,: . $9 + % 3 $

, $$$. ! " # "

/ , )2 . ) & D)*

, 44 . * # # # "

- # " 44 7 + , )2 . HLH E

, 444. 8+ # & ' ( " F

- ! # + # > !

) , < 6 J + #! $$5. * !- H * E > " @ < H

/ # @- - 0 % &0*J)I 444 J)3 4449FJ9 5 + % 3 %$

, 444. J # # # #

" , )2 . ) P@- - 444Q 2 R )2 7 +

, 44 . J # # # !- # + !

" ! 44 7 + , )2 . HLH E

, 44 . @- # # # "

# / , )2 . ) & D)*

H ) , $$ . 3! + 8+ # ?

@- 6 1 %3 6%

(48)

!

"! # $ % &

!" # $$$%&$%!' ( ( ( )

( ( ) *

) ( (

+ ) , ) , ,

( ) & - * ( - (

# - ) . (

( ( )

( ) ) ( - ) (

, ) ) ) / (

( ) ( (

( ) ( , 0 , ) 1

2 ) ) / )

( ) ) ) (

( ) ) + (( (

) ) )

) ) ) 0 3341 (

) (( ) (( )

) ) ( )

( (

( ((

( ( (

(

' ( ) ( * ( ( *

( ) 05 34 6

7 * 3831 )

( (( (

9 / ) ) (( ) (( 9

/ ( ) ) (( * )

( ( 0 * $$$1 (

6 ) (( (( ) ((

( * :

( 0# 33 1 ( ( (

( (

0 * ; 33<1

(49)

, ) ( # (

( ( ( (

# 0: 1 , )

( < * ( 7 ,

: 2 ,

( ) 0 - ( &$$ 8$$

1 - * ( , ( = ) )

( * , )

, , ) ( = ) 0: 1 *

( ( ) * > ^>% *

, ) $ ? ( ,

, , ) ) 3$ ? (

,

: 2 ) / ( ,

)9 ( ) ( , ) , ,

) ( , ,