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Technical

Reference Manual Volume 2

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nzate

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Technical

Reference Manual

Volume 2

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First Printing, February 1987

The material in this document is for informational purposes and is subject to change without notice; it should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation. Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.

Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for the use or reliability of its software on equipment that is not supplied by Digital.

MS-DOS, MS-WINDOWS, and MS-NET are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

Topview is a trademark of International Business Corporation.

Motorola is a registered trademark of Motorola, Inc.

IBM PC AT is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation.

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation.

mamalla

^lAS Professional

DEC MASSBUS Rainbow

DECmate MicroPDP RSTS

DECnet MicroVAX RSX

DECsystem-10 MINC-ll ThinWire

DECSYSTEM-20 OMNIBUS VAX

DECUS OS/8 VAXmate

DECwriter PDP VMS

DIBOL PDT VT

EduSystem P/OS Work Processor

Printed in U.S.A.

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Preface . . . . VOLUME 1

Chapter 1 V AXmate Workstation Overview.

Base System . . . . .

Optional Components . . . . Chapter 2 V AXmate Microprocessor.

Overview . . . . Real Address Mode . . . . Protected Virtual Address Mode. . . Coprocessor. . . . Additional Sources of Information . . . Memory Map . . . .

Input/Output Address Map . Interrupt Vector Map . . . . Bus Timing and Structure ..

Expansion Box Technical Specifications Expansion Box Operating Ranges . . . Chapter 3 Interrupt Controllers

Overview . . . . Additional Source of Information.

Read/Write Control .. . . . .

Chapter 4 DMA Controller.

Operation . . . .

Idle Cycle . . . . Active Cycle . . . . Single Transfer Mode.

Block Transfer Mode . Demand Transfer Mode Cascade Mode .

Data Transfers . . Auto-Initialize . Priority . . . Address Generation.

iv Contents

3-f 3 -, ^r

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3-1:

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3-1j 3-1j 3-1j 3-1' 3-1' 3-1:

3-2 3-2.

3-2 3-2 3-2 3-2 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4·

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Registers . . . . Base and Current Address Register.

Base and Current Word Register ..

Command Register .. . . . . . Write Single Mask Bit.

Write All Mask Bits.

Mode Register ..

Request Register. . . Status Register. . . . Temporary Register.

Programming Example Constant Values . . . Data Structures . . .

Initializing the DMA Controller.

Opening a DMA Channel . . . Preparing a Channel for Data Transfer . Disabling a DMA Channel . . . . Chapter 5 Real-Time Clock and CMOS RAM.

Battery-Backup Considerations ..

Addressing the Real-Time Clock.

Real-Time Clock Registers Register A.

Register B.

Register C.

Register D

Real-Time Clock Data Registers.

Alarms . . . .

Update Cycle . . . . Interrupts . . . . Urdate-Ended Interrupt Alarm Interrupt . . Programming Example Constant Values . . Data Structures . .

Reading the Registers and RAM.

Writing the Registers and RAM.

Calculating the Checksum . . . Converting Binary-Coded Data.

Reading the Date. . . .

4-7 4-7 4-8 4-9 4-11 4-11 4-12 4-13 4-14 4-14 4-16 4-16 4-17 4-18 4-19 4-20 4-22 6-1 6-1 6-2 6-2 6-2 6-3 5-4 5-6 6-8 5-9 5-10 5-12 5-13 5-14 5-14 5-14 5-15 5-16 5-18 5-20 5-21 5-22 5-23 5-24 Contents v

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Reading the Time . .. . . . Displaying the Date .. . . . . . . Displaying the Time. . .. . . . . Displaying the Diskette Drive Type. . . . . Displaying the Hard Disk Type . . . .

Handling the Clock Interrupts . . . . . . . . Interpreting the RAM Contents . . . . Initializing the Real-Time Clock . . . . . . . Restoring the Interrupt Vectors.

Real-Time Clock Example . . . . Chapter 6 Three-Channel Counter and Speaker . . . Overview . . . . Additional Source ofInformation. . . . Block Diagram . . . . Counter Description . . . . Mode Definitions . . . .

Mode 0 (Interrupt on Terminal Count) . . . . Initializing Mode 0 . . . . Mode 0 Cycle. . . . Mode 1 {Hardware Retriggerable One-Shot) . . . . Initializing Mode 1 . . . . Mode 1 Cycle. . . . Mode 2 {Rate Generator) . . . .. . . .

Initializing Mode 2 . . . Mode 2 Cycle . . . . Mode 3 {Square Wave Mode) . . .

Initializing Mode 3 . . . . Mode 3 Cycle . . . .

Mode 4 {Software Triggered Strobe) . . . . Initializing Mode 4 . . . .

Mode 4 Cycle. . . . Mode 5 (Hardware Triggered Strobe) . . . .

Initializing Mode 5 . . . . . Mode 5 Cycle.

Registers. . . . . . . System Register . . . . Control Word Register . . . .

Counter-Latch Command (Control Word Register) ..

Read-Back Command (Control Word Register) ..

Status Response (Read-back Command) . . . . vi Contents

5-2f 5-2(

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5-3:

5-3- 5-31 5-3f

6-:

6 ' ^-,

6-:

6-, 6-·

6-·

6-:

6- 6- 6- 6- 6- 6- 6- 6- 6- 6- 6-

6·

6- 6-1 6-1 6-1 6-1

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Programming Example Constant Values . . Writing a Counter.

Making a Bell Sound .

Counter and Speaker Example.

Chapter 7 Video Controller. . . . . Introduction. . . .

Industry-Standard Text and Graphics Features.

Enhancements to Industry-Standard Features Industry-Standard Features Not Available Extra Features . . . .

Block Diagram . . . . Additional Sources of Information . Video Modes . . . . Text Modes . . . .

Character Buffer Format . . . .

Character Position to Memory Location Mapping Programmable Cursor . . . . Programmable Character Generator (Font RAM) . Graphics Mode . . . .

Mapping the Display to Address Video Look-Up Table . . . Video System Registers . . . .

Special Purpose Register.

CRTC Registers ..

Index Register.

Data Register Register RO Register Rl Register R2 Register R3 Register R4 Register R5 Register R6 Register R7 Register R8 Register R9 Register RIO Register Rll Register R12 Register R13

6-16 6-16 6-18 6-18 6-20 7-1 7-1 7-1 7-2 7-2 7-2 7-3 7-4 7-5 7-6 7-6 7-7 7-8 7-9 7-10 7-10 7-18 7-22 7-23 7-25 7-25 7-25 7-28 7-28 7-29 7-29 7-30 7-30 7-31 7-31 7-32 7-33 7-33 7-34 7-34 7-34 Contents vii

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Register R14 Register R15 Register R16 Register R17 Status Register A . Status Register B . . . Write Data Register ..

Color Select Register . Control Register A.

Control Register B. . . Monitor Interface . . .

Monitor Specification Summary.

Programming Example . . . .

Chapter 8 Keyboard-Interface Controller and Keyboard.

Introduction. . . . Keyboard-Interface Controller . . .

Physical Interface to the CPU . . . Physical Interface to the Keyboard Logical Interface. . . . Control Functions . . . . Keyboard-Interface Controller Diagnostics.

Keyboard-Interface Controller Registers Data Register. . . .

Command Register Status Register. . . Command Register

Read Command Byte . Write Command Byte.

Self-Test . . . Interface Test . . Disable Keyboard Enable Keyboard Read Port 1.

Read Port 1.

Read Port 2.

Write Port 2 Read Test Inputs . Write Status Register.

Pulse Output Port. . .

Keyboard-Interface Controller Error Handling.

viii Contents

7-35 7-35 7-36 7-36 7-37 7-38 7-39 7-39 7-41 7-43 7-44 7-44 7-45 8-1 8-1 8-1 8-1 8-2 8-2 8-3 8-4 8-5 8-5 8-5 8-6 8-9 8-10 8-10 8-12 8-12 8-12 8-12 8-12 8-12 8-13 8-13 8-13 8-13 8-13 8-14

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LK250 Keyboard . . . . Scan Codes . . . . LK250 Keyboard Command Codes

Invalid Commands . . . " . . . . Request Keyboard 10. . . .. . . . Enter DIGITAL Extended Scan Code Mode . . . . Exit DIGITAL Extended Scan Code Mode . . . . Set Keyboard LED. . . . . . . . Reset Keyboard LED. . . . . . . .

Set Keyclick Volume . . . . Enable Autorepeat. . . . Disable Autorepeat . . .

Keyboard Mode Lock . . Keyboard Mode Unlock.

Reserved . . . LEOs On/Off . Echo . . . . Reserved .. .

Set Autorepeat Delay and Rate . Enable Key Scanning . . . .

Disable Key Scanning and Restore to Defaults . . Restore To Defaults.

Reserved.

Resend . . . . Reset . . . . LK250 Keyboard Responses

Buffer overrun. . . Self-test success. . ECHO . . . . Release Prefix . . . . Acknowledge (ACK} . Self-Test Failure. . . Resend . . . .

LK250 Keyboard Error Handling . U.S. and Foreign Keyboards.

Programming Example . . . . Chapter 9 Serial Communications. . Overview . . . .

8-15 8-15 8-22 8-23 8-23 8-23 8-23 8-23 8-24 8-24 8-24 8-24 8-25 8-25 8-25 8-26 8-26 8-26 8-27 8-28 8-28 8-28 8-29 8-29 8-29 8-30 8-30 8-30 8-30 8-31 8-31 8-31 8-31 8-31 8-31 8-46 9-1 9-1 Contents ix

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Additional Sources of Information . . . . Receive Buffer Register/Transmitter Holding Register.

Interrupt Enable Register. . . . . Interrupt Identification Register.

Line Control Register . . Modem Control Register Diagnostic Loopback Line Status Register. . . Modem Status Register.

Divisor Latches. . . .

Modem Control Programming Exceptions Special Purpose Register . . . Communications Connector Signals . Printer Connector Signals.

Modem Connector Signals.

Programming Example.

Program Description . Chapter 10 Mouse Information.

Introduction. . . . Communication Requirements . . Additional Source of Information.

Mouse Commands . . . .

Prompt Mode Incremental Stream Mode.

Request Mouse Position. . . Invoke Self-Test . . . . Vendor Reserved Function . Mouse Reports . . . .

Position Report - Byte 1.

Self-Test Report - Byte 1 . Self-Test Report - Byte 2 . Self-Test Report - Byte 3 . Self-Test Report - Byte 4 . Serial Interface . . . .

Transmit Holding Register and Receive Buffer Status Register.

Mode Register 1 . . Mode Register 2 . . Command Register Programming Example

x Contents

9-1 9-3 9-4 9-6 9-7 9-9 9-10 9-11 9-13 9-15 9-17 9-18 9-19 9-20 9-21 9-22 9-23 10-1 10-1 10-2 10-2 10-2 10-3 10-3 10-3 10-3 10-4 10-4 10-5 10-5 10-6 10-€

10-';

10-t 10-t

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10-11 1O-1!

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Chapter 11 Diskette Drive Controller Introduction. . . . Diskette Drive Controller Registers .

Control Register . . . .

Main Status Register . . . Data Register. . . . Data Transfer Rate Register . Change Register . . . .

Diskette Drive Controller Internal Registers . Internal Register - Command. . . . Internal Register - Head/Unit Select . Internal Register - Status Register 0 . Internal Register - Status Register 1 Internal Register - Status Register 2 Internal Register - Status Register 3 Internal Register - SRT/HUT Internal Register - HLT/ND Internal Register - C.

Internal Register - H.

Internal Register - R.

Internal Register - N Internal Register - EOT . Internal Register - GPL.

Internal Register - DTL Internal Register - SC ..

Internal Register - D. . . Internal Register - STP . Internal Register - PCN.

Internal Registers - NCN .

Diskette Drive Controller Programming Command State

Execution State . . . . Result State . . . . Command and Result Register Sets.

Programming Example . . . . Chapter 12 Hard Disk Drive Controller.

Introduction. . . .

11-1 11-1 11-2 11-3 11-4 11-5 11-6 11-6 11-7 11-7 11-8 11-9 11-10 11-12 11-13 11-14 11-15 11-15 11-15 11-15 11-16 11-16 11-16 11-16 11-16 11-17 11-17 11-17 11-17 11-18 11-18 11-20 11-20 11-20 11-27 12-1 12-1

Contents xi

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Hard Disk Controller Registers. . . . Data Register. . . . Write Precompensation Register.

Error Register . . . . Sector Count Register. . . . Sector Number Register . . . . Cylinder Number Low Register Cylinder Number High Register.

SDH Register . . . . Command Register . . Restore Command Seek Command . . Read Sector Command.

Write Sector Command.

Format Track Command.

Read Verify Command . . Diagnose Command. . . . Set Parameters Command.

Status Register. . . . Alternate Status Register.

Hard Disk Register . . Digital Input Register.

Programming Example . .

Chapter 13 Network Hardware Interface.

Introduction to the LANCE . . . . Additional Source of Information. . . .

Functional Description of the Network Hardware Interface The Coax Transceiver Interface . . .

The Serial Interface Adapter. . . . . The Local Area Network Controller.

Programming the LANCE . . . . Initialization Block . . . . Receive and Transmit Descriptor Rings Data Buffers . . . .

Programming Sequence . Register Description. . . . Register Data Port (RDP) Register Address Port (RAP) Control And Status Register 0 . Control And Status Register 1 . Control And Status Register 2 . xii Contents

12-1 12-3 12-4 12-5 12-7 12-7 12-8 12-8 12-9 12-10 12-11 12-12 12-13 12-15 12-17 12-19 12-21 12-22 12-23 12-25 12-25 12-26 12-27 13-1 13-1 13-2 13-2 13-2 13-2 13-2 13-3 13-4 13-4 13-4 13-4 13-5 13-6 13-7 13-8 13-13 13-14

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Index

Control And Status Register 3. . NI CSR . . . .

Initialization Block. . . Mode Field . . . . Physical Address Field Logical Address Filter Field

Receive Descriptor Ring Pointer Field Transmit Descriptor Ring Pointer Field Buffer Management. . . .

Descriptor Rings in Memory. . . . Receive Descriptor Rings . . . . Receive Message Descriptor 0 (RMDO) . Receive Message Descriptor 1 (RMD1) . Receive Message Descriptor 2 (RMD2) . Receive Message Descriptor 3 (RMD3) . Transmit Descriptor Ring . . . . Transmit Message Descriptor 0 (TMDO) . Transmit Message Descriptor 1 (TMD1) . Transmit Message Descriptor 2 (TMD2) . Transmit Message Descriptor 3 (TMD3) . Network Interface External Interconnect Network Interface System Bus Interconnect.

VOLUME 2

Chapter 14 System Startup.

Overview . . . . .

Powerup Test . . . . Initialization . . . .

Real Mode Versus Virtual Protected Mode . Extended Self-Test . . .

Configuration List . Soft Reset . . . . Hard Reset . . . .

Hardware Jumper Configuration.

Chapter 15 ROM BIOS ... .

Interrupt 02H: Nonmaskable Interrupt.

Interrupt 05H: Print Screen Interrupt 08H: Clock Tick.

Interrupt 09H: Keyboard ..

Contents 13-15 13-17 13-18 13-19 13-22 13-22 13-23 13-25 13-27 13-28 13-29 13-29 13-30 13-32 13-33 13-34 13-34 13-35 13-37 13-38 13-40 13-40

14-1 14-1 14-1 14-9 14-9 14-10 14-11 14-12 14-13 14-14 15-1 15-3 15-4 15-5 15-5 xiii

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Interrupt OBH: COM2/ Modem. . . 15-6 Interrupt OCH: COM1/ Serial . . . 15-6 Interrupt OEH: Floppy Disk. . . 15-7 Interrupt 10H: Video Input/Output . . . 15-8 Function OOH: Set Video Mode. . . 15-10 Function 01H: Set Cursor Type . . . .

Function 02H: Set Cursor Position . . . Function 03H: Read Cursor Position ..

Function 04H: Read Light-Pen Position . . . . Function 05H: Set Page Function. . . . . . . . Function 06H: Scroll Active Page Up . . . . Function 07H: Scroll Active Page Down . . . . Function 08H: Read Character and Attribute at Cursor Position . . . . Function 09H: Write Character and Attribute at Cursor Position . . . . Function OAH: Write Character at Cursor Position. . . Function OBH: Set Color Palette . . . . Function OCH: Write Pixel . . . . Function ODH: Read Pixel . . . . Function OEH: Write Character Using Terminal Emulation.

Function OFH: Read Current Video State . . . . Function 13H: TTY Write String . . . . Function DOH: Enable/Disable 256 Character Graphic Font.

Function D1H: Font RAM and Color Map Support ..

Font RAM Functions . . . . Color Map Functions . . . .

Interrupt llH: Read Configuration ..

Interrupt 12H: Return Memory Size ..

Interrupt 13H: Disk Input/Output (I/O) . Hard Disk Functions . . . .

Hard Disk Errors . . . . Hard Disk Parameter Tables . . .

Function OOH: Initialize Entire Disk Subsystem. . . . Function 01H: Return Status Code of Last I/O Request . . . Function 02H: Read One or More Disk Sectors . . . . Function 03H: Write One Or More Disk Sectors . . . . Function 04H: Verify One or More Disk Sectors . . . Function 05H: Format a Track. . . . Function 08H: Return Current Drive Parameters . . . . Function 09H: Initialize Drive Characteristics. . . . . Function OAH: Read Long . . . . xiv Contents

15-12 15-13 15-14 15-15 15-16 15-17 15-17 15-19 15-20 15-21 15-22 15-23 15-24 15-25 15-27 15-28 15-30 15-31 15-31 15-32 15-35 15-37 15-38 15-40 15-40 15-41 15-42 15-43 15-44 15-45 15-46 15-47 15-48 15-49 15-50

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Function OBH: Write Long. . . . Function OCH: Seek to Specific Cylinder ..

Function ODH: Hard Disk Reset.

Function 10H: Test Drive Ready . . . . Function llH: Recalibrate Drive . . . .

Function 14H: Execute Controller Internal Diagnostics Function 15H: Return Drive Type . . . .

Function DOH: Read Long 256 Byte Sector.

Diskette Functions. . . .

Diskette Errors . . . . Diskette Parameter Tables. . . . Function OOH: Initialize Diskette Subsystem

Function 01H: Return Status Code of Last I/O Request.

Function 02H: Read One or More Track Sectors . Function 03H: Write One or More Track Sectors.

Function 04H: Verify One or More Track Sectors.

Function 05H: Format a Track . . . . Function 15H: Return Drive Type . . . . Function 16H: Return Change Line Status . . . . . Function 17H: Set Drive and Media Type for Format Interrupt 14H: Asynchronous Communications.

Function OOH: Initialize Asynchronous Port . Function 01H: Transmit Character.

Buffer Mode Enabled . . . . Function 02H: Receive Character ..

Buffer Mode Enabled . . . .

Function 03H: Return Asynchronous Port Status.

Buffer Mode Enabled . . . . . Function DOH: Extended Mode .

Buffering Enabled. . . Notification Enabled ..

Error Codes Returned . Function DIH: Send Break.

Function D2H: Set Modem Control.

Function D3H: Retry on Timeout Error Function D4H: Set Baud Rate . . . Interrupt 15H: Cassette Input/Output.

Function 80H: Open Device

Function 81H: Close Device . . . . Function 82H: Termination . . . . . Function 83H: Set a Wait Interval.

Function 84H: Joystick Support ..

15-51 15-52 15-53 15-54 15-55 15-56 15-57 15-58 15-59 15-59 15-59 15-61 15-62 15-63 15-64 15-65 15-66 15-67 15-68 15-69 15-70 15-72 15-73 15-73 15-74 15-74 15-75 15-76 15-77 15-80 15-81 15-83 15-84 15-85 15-86 15-87 15-88 15-89 15-89 15-90 15-90 15-91 Contents xv

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Function 85H: Service System Request Key . . . . Function 86H: Wait (No Return to Usert . . . . Function 87H: Move a Block of Memory . . . . Function 88H: Return Memory Size Above One Megabyte Function 89H: Begin Virtual Mode . . . . Function 90H: Device Is Busy . . . . Function 91H: Interrupt Completion Handler . . . . Function DOH: Return DIGITAL Configuration Word.

Interrupt 16H: Keyboard Input. . . . . . Table of Returned Scan Codes . . . . Combination Keys . . . .

System Reset . . . . System Request Key (Sys Reqt . Extended Self·test. . . . Break . . . . Pause . . . .

Print Screen . . . . Automatic LED Control. . . . Function OOH: Keyboard Input. . Function 01H: Keyboard Status.

Function 02H: Keyboard State. . . . Function DOH: Key Notification. . . . Key Stroke Notification Enabled . . . . Key Buffering Notification Enabled . . . . Function DIH: Character Count . . . . Function D2H: Keyboard Buffer. . . . Function D3H: Extended Codes And Functions . . . . Function D4H: Request Keyboard 10 . . . . Function D5H: Send to Keyboard . . . . Function D6H: Keyboard Table Pointers . . . . Keyboard Translation Table Formats And Usage.

Interrupt 17H: Printer Output . . . . Function OOH: Transmit Character . . . . Function 01H: Initialize Printer . . . . Function 02H: Return Printer Status . . . . Function DOH: Redirect Parallel Printer .. .

Function D1H: Printer Type . . . . Function D2H: Parallel Port Retry . . . . Interrupt 18H: Basic. . . . Interrupt 19H: Bootstrap . . . .

DIGITAL Hard Disk Boot Block . . . . xvi Contents

15-91 15-92 15-93 15-95 15-96 15-98 15-98 15-99 15-101 15-102 15-107 15-107 15-107 15-108 15-108 15-108 15-108 15-108 15-109 15-109 15-110 15-111 15-112 15-113 15-114 15-115 15-116 15-118 15-119 15-120 15-121 15-123 15-124 15-125 15-126 15-127 15-129 15-131 15-132 15-133 15-134

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Interrupt lAH: Time-of-day . . . . Function OOH: Read System Clock . Function 01H: Set System Clock ..

Function 02H: Read Real-Time Clock.

Function 03H: Set Real-Time Clock.

Function 04H: Return RTC Date Function 05H: Set RTC Date Function 06H: Set Alarm . . . . . Function 07H: Cancel Alarm .. .

Function DOH: Return Days-Since-Read Counter.

Interrupt IBH: Keyboard Break .

Interrupt lCH: Timer Tick . . . . Interrupt IDH: Video Parameters . . . . Interrupt lEH: Diskette Parameter Tables.

Interrupt IFH: Graphics Character Table Pointer.

Interrupt 40H: Revector of Interrupt 13H . . . Interrupt 41H and 46H: Hard Disk Parameter Tables Interrupt 4AH: RTC Alarm. . . .

Interrupt 70H: Real-Time Clock . . . . Interrupt 71H: Redirect to Interrupt OAH . . . . Interrupt 72H: Local Area Network Controller (LANCE) . Interrupt 73H: Serial Printer Port.

Interrupt 74H: Mouse Port.

Interrupt 75H: 80287 Error . . . . Interrupt 76H: Hard Disk . . . . . Interrupt 77H: Available (lRQI5)

15-135 15-136 15-136 15-137 15-138 15-138 15-139 15-139 15-140 15-140 15-141 15-141 15-142 15-143 15-145 15-145 15-146 15-148 15-148 15-148 15-149 15-150 15-150 15-151 15-151 15-151

Chapter 16 Programming the VAXmate Under MS-DOS

Overview . . . . MS-DOS Operating System Versions.

Loading MS-DOS Operating System .. . MS-DOS Memory Map . . . .

MS-DOS Interrupt 21H Digital Specific Functions Function 30H Get MS-DOS OEM Number Function 38H Get/Set Country Code.

Loadable MS-DOS Device Drivers.

ANSI.SYS . . . . Installing ANSI.SYS . . . Cursor Control Functions.

Erase Functions . . . . . Set Graphics Rendition . .

Contents 16-1 16-1 16-2 16-2 16-2 16-3 16-3 16-3 16-5 16.5 16-5 16-5 16-7 16-8 xvii

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Set Mode Function. . . . Reset Mode Function . . . . Keyboard Key Reassignment Function . Mouse Driver . . . .

Detecting the Mouse Driver . . . . Video Support . . . . Function OOOOH: Mouse Initialization Function 0001H: Show Cursor . . . . Function 0002H: Hide Cursor . . . . .

Function 0003H: Get Mouse Position and Button Status Function 0004H: Set Mouse Cursor Position . . . Function 0005H: Get Button Press Information . . . . . Function 0006H: Get Button Release Information . . . . Function 0007H: Set Minimum and Maximum X-Axis Position . . . . Function 0008H: Set Minimum and Maximum Y-Axis Position . . . .

Function 0009H: Define Graphics Cursor . . . . Function OOOAH: Define Text Cusor . . . . Function OOOBH: Read Mouse Motion Counters Function OOOCH: Define Event Handler . . . . . Function OOODH: Enable Light-Pen Emulation.

Function OOOEH: Disable Light-Pen Emulation.

Function OOOFH: Set Mouse Motion/Pixel Ratio Function 0010H: Conditional Hide Cursor.

Function 0013H: Set Speed Threshold . . . Function 001CH: Get Driver Version.

Function 0024H: Get Configuration . . . . Function 0025H: Set Configuration . . . . . Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) Functions

Function FOH: Read EGA Register . . . . Function F1H: Write EGA Register . . . . Function F2H: Read EGA Register Group Function F3H: Write EGA Register Group Function F4H: Read EGA Register List.

Function F5H: Write EGA Register List Function F AH: EGA Functions Installed MS-DOS Media ID Tables

Disk Parameters . xviii Contents

16-10 16-11 16-12 16-13 16-14 16-14 16-16 16-17 16-17 16-18 16-19 16-20 16-21 16-22 16-23 16-24 16-26 16-27 16-28 16-30 16-30 16-31 16-31 16-32 16-32 16-33 16-33 16-34 16-35 16-35 16-36 16-36 16-37 16-38 16-38 16-39 16-40

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MS-DOS International Support 16-41

FONT and GRAFTABL. 16-41

FONT.COM. . . 16-41

GRAFTABL.COM. . . . 16-42

Description of Fonts. . . 16-42 How FONT. COM Affects KEYB.COM and SORT.EXE . 16-42

Font File Structures. . 16-42

Loading Font Files. . . 16-45

KEYB . . . 16-45

Keyboard Remapping. 16-45

Creating Keyboard Map Tables for International Countries. 16-47 How Compose Sequences Are Recognized. . . 16-49 How Dead Diacritical Keys Are Recognized. . . 16-49 Format and Use of the Compose Sequence Pointer Table 16-49 Format and Use of the Compose Sequence Translation

Table. . . 16-50

Changing to STDUS.KEY and Back Again 16-50

Keyboard Map File Structure 16-50

LCOUNTRY . . . 16-52

Country File Structure . 16-52

Case Conversion Tables. 16-54

SORT. . . 16-55

Format for Sorting Order. 16-55

Creating Sort Tables for Character Sets. . 16-55

Chapter 17 MS-Windows on the VAXmate 17-1 Introduction. . . 17-1 Overview . . . 17-1

Keyboard Driver for the LK250 Keyboard 17-2

Numeric and Edit Keypads. . . 17-3

Keyboard LEOs for the VAXmate LK250 . 17-4

VAXmate Compose Handling . . . 17-4

Reserved Keys Under MS-Windows. . . 17-5

DIGITAL MS-Windows Keyboard Extensions. 17-5

DecSetLockState (lock I . 17-6

DecSetKClickVol (voU. . . 17-7

DecSetAutorep (repeatl. . . 17-7

DecGetKbdCountry ( I : Result. . 17-8

DecSetComposeState (compose_model. 17-9

DecSetNumlockMode (numlock_model. 17-10

Contents xix

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Windows Keyboard Processing Anomalies . . . . 17-11 Repeating Key Allowed to Change Focus. . . 17-11 Illogical Set of Keyboard Messages. . . 17-12 Key Mappings for VAXmate's LK250. . . 17-13

AnsiToOem,OemToAnsi . 17-55

ANSI to OEM Table 17-55

OEM to ANSI Table 17-58

Mouse . . . 17-61

Communications . . . 17-61

LAT Support Through the Windows Asynchronous Serial

Communications Interface. 17-62

OpenComm . . . 17-63

WriteComm . . . 17-63

TransmitCommChar 17-64

ReadComm. . . 17-64

CloseComm . . 17-64

SetCommState 17-65

GetCommState 17-65

EscapeCommFunction . 17-65

SetCommBreak . . . . 17-65

ClearCommBreak. . . 17-65

SetCommEventMask 17-65

GetCommEventMask 17-65

FlushComm . . . 17-65

GetCommError . . . . 17-66

Custom LA T Application Interface Under Windows . 17-66 OpenLat (lpServiceName, IpNodeName, IpPortName) :

Latid. . . 17-67

CloseLat (Latid) : Result . . . 17-68

ReadLat (Latid) : Result. . . . 17-68

WriteLat (Latid, chI : Result. 17-69

GetLatStatus (Latid) : Result 17-69

SendLatBreak (Latid) : Result. 17-70

InquireLatServices ( ) : LResult 17-70

GetLatService (lpServiceName) : Result. . 17-71

Display on the VAXmate . . . 17-73

Standard Applications Support . . . 17-74 Keyboard Handling . . . 17 -75 Keyboard Handling Inside an MS-Windows Window. 17-75 Keyboard Handling Outside an MS-Windows Window. 17-78 ANSI Support Inside an MS-Windows Window . . . 17-79 xx Contents

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Video Modes Handled Inside an MS-Windows Window.

Interrupt lIh Support Interrupt 12h Support Interrupt 15h Support Unique Icons ..

Printers . . . . DECWIN.H File Listing.

Chapter 18 VAXmate Network Software.

Introduction. . . .

Documentation List . . . . Datalink . . . . Common Definition Formats . Multicast Address Format Software Capabilities . Datalink Functions . . . . Datalink Return Codes . .

Function OOH: Initialization (dll_init) .

Function 01H: Open a Datalink Portal (dll_ open) . Function 02H: Close a Datalink Portal (dll_close).

Function 03H: Enable Multicast Addresses (dll_ enable _ mul) . . . . . . . Function 04H: Disable Multicast Addresses (dll_ disable _ mul). . . . Function 05H: Transmit (dll_ transmit) . . . . Function 06H: Request Transmit Buffer Function (dllJequest _ xmit) . . . . Function 07H: Deallocate Buffer (dll_deallocate) ..

Function 08H: Read Channel Status (dllJead_chan).

Function 09H: Read the Portal List (dllJead _plist) Functions OAH: Read the Portal Status

(dllJead _portal) . . . . Function OBH: Read the Datalink Counters (dllJead _count) . . . . . . . Function OCH: Network Boot Request (dll_ network_boot) . . . . Function ODH: Enabling a Channel Function (ddl_ enable_chan) . . . .

Function OEH: Disabling a Channel (dll_disable_chan) ..

Function 11 H: Read Decparm String Address (dllJeadecparm) . . . .

17-79 17-82 17-82 17-83 17-83 17-83 17-85 18-1 18-1 18-4 18-5 18-6 18-7 18-8 18-11 18-13 18-16 18-18 18-21 18-22 18-24 18-25 18-27 18-28 18-29 18-31 18-32 18-34 18-38 18-39 18-40 18-41 Contents xxi

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Function 12H: Set Decparm String Address (dll_ setdecparm). . . . Function 13H: External Loopback (dll_ext_loopback) Maintenance Operation Functions. . . . Data Link Interface to the MOP Process. . . . Function OFH: Mop Start and Send System ID (dll_ start_mop) . . . .

Function 10 H: Mop Stop (dll_ mop_stop) . Sample Datalink Session .

Local Area Transport . . LAT Services. . . . . LAT Command Line Data Structures . . . LAT Functions. . . .

Function 03H: LAT Get Status.

Function DOH: Open Session . . Function DOH: Close LAT Session.

Function 02H Read Data. . . . Function 01H: Send Data . . . .

Function D5H: Get Next LAT Service Name.

Function D6H: LAT Service Table Reset Function D1H: Send Break Signal Sample Terminal Program

Session . . . . Software Capabilities . . . . MS-Network Session Control Block.

DIGITAL-Specific Session Control Block.

Synchronous Requests . . . . Asynchronous Requests. . . . Asynchronous Notification Routine.

Network Addressing . . . . Session Level Services . . . .

MS-Network Compatible Session Level Services MS-Network Session Level Return Codes . . . .

Function OOH and Function B800H: Check for Presence of MS-Network Session . . . .

Function 35H: Cancel (synchronous) . Function 32H: Reset (synchronous) ..

Function 33H: Status (synchronous) . Function B3H: Status (asynchronous) Function 30H: Add Name (synchronous).

Function BOH: Add Name (asynchronous) . xxii Contents

18-42 18-43 18-44 18-47 18-47 18-47 18-48 18-56 18-57 18-57 18-60 18-66 18-67 18-68 18-69 18-70 18-71 18-72 18-73 18-74 18-75 18-84 18-86 18-86 18-89 18-90 18-90 18-91 18-91 18-92 18-93 18-94 18-97 18-98 18-99 18-100 18-100 18-103 18-103

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Function 31H: Delete Name (synchronous) . Function B1H: Delete Name (asynchronous) Function 34H: Name Status (synchronous) . Function B4H: Name Status (asynchronous) Function 1OH: Call (synchronous) ..

Function 90H: Call (asynchronous) . . Function 11H: Listen (synchronous) . Function 91H: Listen (asynchronous).

Function 12H: Hangup (synchronous) Function 92H: Hangup (asynchronous) . Function 14H: Send (synchronous) . . . Function 94H: Send (asynchronous) ..

Function 17H: Send Double (synchronous).

Function 97H: Send Double (asynchronous) . Function 15H: Receive (synchronous) . . . . Function 95H: Receive (asynchronous) . . . . Function 16H: Receive Any (synchronous) ..

Function 96H: Receive Any (asynchronous) . Datagram Commands . . . . Function 20H: Send Datagram (synchronous).

Function AOH: Send Datagram (asynchronous) . Function 21H: Receive Datagram (synchronous) Function A1H: Receive Datagram (asynchronous) Function 22H: Send Broadcast (synchronous) ..

Function A2H: Send Broadcast (asynchronous) ..

Function 23H: Receive Broadcast (synchronous) . Function A3H: Receive Broadcast (asynchronous) DIGITAL-Specific Session Level Services . . .

Function OOH: DIGITAL Function Check (decfunccheck) . . . . Function 01H: Add a Node (decfuncadd) ..

Function 02H: Delete Entry Given the Node Number (decfuncdelnum) . . . . Function 03H: Delete Entry Given Node Name (decfuncdelname) . . . . Function 04H: Read Node Entry Given Node Number (decfuncreadnum) . . . . Function 05H: Read Node Entry Given Node Name (decfuncreadnamel. . . . Function 06H: Read Node Entry Given Index (decfuncreadindex) . . . .

Function 07H: Delete All Node Entries (decfuncdelall) ..

18-104 18-104 18-105 18-105 18-107 18-107 18-109 18-109 18-110 18-110 18-111 18-111 18-112 18-112 18-113 18-113 18-114 18-114 18-115 18-116 18-116 18-117 18-117 18-118 18-118 18-119 18-119 18-120 18-121 18-122 18-123 18-124 18-125 18-126 18-127 18-128 Contents xxiii

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Server Message Block ISMBI Protocol . . . . Extended Function DOH: Get Current Date and Time.

Appendix A Support Code for Examples . .

File: SUPPORT.ASM File: EXAMPLE.H . File: KYB.H . . . . File: RB.H . . . . File: VECTORS.C File: RB.C . . . . File: DEMO.C .. .

Appendix B 80286 Instruction Set

Appendix C VT220 and VT240 Terminal Emulators.

VT220 Emulator and VT220 Terminal Differences Saving and Restoring Set-Up Selections ..

Video Differences . . . . Scrolling . . . . Blinking Characters Remapped . . No Control Representation Mode.

Font Selection . . . . Communications Differences. . . .

LAT Protocol Support INetwork Terminal Services) . No Split Baud Rate . . .

Session Logging. . . . . Autotyping Characters . Keyboard Differences . . .

Keyboard LEDs . . . . Alternate Characters . Keyclick . . . . Autorepeat Selection . Character Sets . . . .

DEC MCS to ISO Latin-1 8-bit Transition Language Selection . . . . Compose Sequences. . . . Additional VT220 Emulator Escape Sequences

Assign User-Preference Supplemental Character Set IDECAUPSS) . . . . Request User-Preference Supplemental Character Set IDECRQUPSS) . . . . Select User-Preference Supplemental Coded Character Set ISCS) . . . . xxiv Contents

18-129 18-130 A-I A-I A-9 A-10 A-ll A-12 A-16 A-18 B-1 C-1 C-2 C-2 C-2 C-2 C-2 C-2 C-2 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-3 C-4 C-4 C-4 C-4 C-4 C-5 C-5 C-5 C-5 C-6 C-6 C-6 C-6

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Select DEC Supplemental Coded Character Set (SCS) . C-7 Select ISO Latin-l Supplemental Coded Character Set

(SCS) . . . C-7 Primary Device Attribute (DA) . . . C-8 Secondary Device Attribute (DA) . . . . C-8

Announcing ANSI Conformance Levels C-8

Printing . . . C-9

Printer Options . C-9

Print Terminator C-9

Print Size. . . C-9

VT240 Emulator and VT240 Terminal Differences C-IO

Saving and Restoring Set-Up Selections. . C-IO

Video Differences . . . C-IO Video Modes . . . C-IO

Automatic Video Mode Switching. C-IO

Scrolling . . . C-IO

No Control Representation Mode. C-IO

Underlined Characters. . . C-ll

Line Attributes . . . C-ll

Double Width Lines for Fast Text Only C-ll

Double Height/Double Width Lines for Fast Text Only C-ll Communications Differences. . . C-12 LAT Protocol Support (Network Terminal Services) . C-12

Session Logging. . . C-12

Autotyping Characters. C-12

Keyboard Differences . . . C-12

Keyboard LEDs . . . C-12

Alternate Characters . . C-12

No "Printer to Host" Mode. C-12

Character Sets. . . C-13

DEC MCS to ISO Latin-l 8-bit Transition C-13

Compose Sequences. . . C-13

Additional VT240 Emulator Escape Sequences C-13

User-Preference Supplemental Character Set

(DECAUPSS) . . . C-13 Request User-Preference Supplemental Character Set

(DECRQUPSS) . . . C-14 Select User-Preference Supplemental Coded Character

Set (SCS). . . C-14 Select DEC Supplemental Coded Character Set (SCS) . C-15 Select ISO Latin-l Supplemental Coded Character Set

(SCS) . . . C-15 Contents xxv

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Primary Device Attribute (DA) . . . . . Secondary Device Attribute (DA) . . . . Announcing ANSI Conformance Levels Bibliography

Index

Physical Memory Map . . . . Input/Output Address Map . . . . Interrupt Vector Map . . . . 8-Bit Expansion Bus Transfer Times Expansion Slot Power Ratings . . . . Interrupt Request Lines. . . . Master and Slave I/O Addresses . . .

Accessing the Interrupt Controller Registers.

DMA Request Line Assignments . . . . DMA Controller States . . . . DMA Controller and Page Register Address Map . . Real-Time Clock Address Map.

Rate Selection Bits. . . . RTC Data Register Ranges . . . RTC Automatic Alarm Cycles ..

Counter Signals. . . . Modes Used by the Three Counters.

8254 and System Register Addresses.

Tables Table 2-1 Table 2-2 Table 2-3 Table 2-4 Table 2-5 Table 3-1 Table 3-2 Table 3-3 Table 4-1 Table 4-2 Table 4-3 Table 5-1 Table 5-2 Table 5-3 Table 5-4 Table 6-1 Table 6-2 Table 6-3

Table 7-1 Available Video Modes . . . . Table 7-2 Attribute Byte Bit Definitions . . . Table 7-3 Text Mode Display Pages (ROM BIOS) . Table 7-4 Default VLT Contents . . . . Table 7-5 VLT Contents for Video Modes D1H and D2H.

Table 7-6 Video Processor I/O Registers.

Table 7-7 CRTC Internal Registers . . . . Table 7-8 CRTC Register Values . . . . Table 7-9 Color Select Register Bit Assignments Table 7-10 Color Palettes Selected by CPS and SIC.

Table 7-11 Selecting Video Modes . . Table 7-12 Monitor Interface Signals Table 8-1 Port 1 Bit Definitions . . . Table 8-2 Port 2 Bit Definitions . . .

Table 8-3 Keyboard-Interface Controller Commands Table 8-4 Command Byte Bit Definitions. . . . xxvi Contents

C-15 C-16 C-16

2-3 2-4 2-7 2-10 2-10 3-2 3-3 3-4 4-2 4-2 4-6 5-3 5-5 5-11 5-12 6-3 6-3 6-8 7-5 7-6 7-8 7-20 7-21 7-22 7-26 7-27 7-40 7-40 7-42 7-44 8-3 8-4

8-~

8-H

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Table 8-5 LK250 Scan Codes and Industry-standard Equivalent Values . . . . Table 8-6 Scan Codes Translated But Not Used.

LK250 Keyboard Command Codes.

LK250 Keyboard Responses . . . 8250 UART Register Addresses Interrupt Identification . . . . . Baud Rate Table . . . . Communications Connector Signals . Printer Connector Signals. . . . Modem Telephone Line Connector Signals . Handset Connector Signals . .

Mouse Command Summary.

Serial Interface Registers . . Baud Rate Table. . . . Diskette Drive Controller Registers Diskette Drive Controller Commands Register Sets for Read Data Command Table 8-7

Table 8-8 Table 9-1 Table 9-2 Table 9-3 Table 9-4 Table 9-5 Table 9-6 Table 9-7 Table 10-1 Table 10-2 Table 10-3 Table 11-1 Table 11-2 Table 11-3 Table 11-4 Table 11-5 Table 11-6 Table 11-7 Table 11-8 Table 11-9 Table 11-10 Table 11-11 Table 11-12 Table 11-13 Table 11-14

Register Sets for Write Data Command . Register Sets for Read Deleted Data Command Register Sets for Write Deleted Data Command.

Register Sets for Read Track Command. . Register Sets for Read ID Command. . . . Register Sets for Format Track Command Register Sets for Scan Equal Command . Register Sets for Scan Low or Equal Command.

Register Sets for Scan High or Equal Command Register Sets for Recalibrate Command . .

Register Sets for Sense Interrupt Status Command . . . . Table 11-15 Register Sets for Specify Command . . . . Table 11-16 Register Sets for Sense Drive Status Command Table 11-17 Register Sets for Seek Command. . . . Table 12-1 Hard Disk Controller Registers . . . . Table 12-2 Hard Disk Controller Diagnostic Result Codes.

Table 12-3 Memory Image of a Sector Interleave Table . . . Table 12-4 Hard Disk Controller Diagnostic Result Codes.

Table 13-1 Network Interface Registers . . . . Table 13-2 LANCE CSR3 Required Values for the VAXmate Workstation. . . . Table 14-1 VAXmate Powerup and Self-Test Error Codes Table 14-2 VAXmate Processor Board Jumpers . . . .

Contents 8-17 8-21 8-22 8-30 9-2 9-6 9-16 9-19 9-20 9-21 9-21 10-2 10-8 10-11 11-2 11-19 11-21 11-21 11-22 11-22 11-23 11-23 11-24 11-24 11-25 11-25 11-26 11-26 11-26 11-27 11-27 12-2 12-6 12-18 12-21 13-5 13-16 14-8 14-14 xxvii

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Table 15-1 ROM BIOS Interrupt Vectors . . . . Table 15-2 Interrupt 10H: Video 110 Functions Table 15-3 Video Modes . . . . Table 15-4

Table 15-5 Table 15-6 Table 15-7 Table 15-8 Table 15-9 Table 15-10 Table 15-11 Description Table 15-12 Table 15-13 BIOS . . . . Table 15-14 Table 15-15 Table 16-1 Table 16-2 Table 16-3 Table 16-4 Table 16-5 Table 16-6 Table 16-7

Mode Dependent Values for Set Cursor Type . Default Color Map. . . . Color Map for Video Modes DIH and D2H . Hard Disk Error Codes. . . . Hard Disk Parameter Table Description.

Diskette Error Codes. . . . Diskette Parameter Table Description . Communications Control Block (CCB)

CCB Buffer Structure Description . . . . Keyboard Scan Codes Returned by The ROM Diskette Parameter Table Description . . . Hard Disk Parameter Table Description . . Cursor Control Functions . . . . .

Erase Function . . . . Set Graphics Rendition Function . Set Mode Function . . . . Reset Mode Function. . . . Keyboard Key Reassignment Function.

Standard Mouse Drive Functions. . . . Table 16-8 Extended Mouse Driver Functions . . . Table 16-9 Video Sytems and Modes Supported by MOUSE.SYS . . . . Table 16-10 Extensions to Interrupt 10H EGA Functions.

Table 16-11 EGA Register Groups and Associated Registers Table 16-12 Hard Disk Types . . . .

Table 16-13 BIOS Parameter Block Data.

15-1 15-9 15-10 15-12 15-33 15-34 15-40 15-41 15-59 15-60 15-78 15-80 15-104 15-143 15-147 16-6 16-7 16-8 16-10 16-11 16-12 16-13 16-14 16-15 16-34 16-34 16-39 16-40

Table 16-14 .FNT File Structure. . 16-43

Table 16-15 .GRF File Structure. . . 16-15 Table 16-16 Keyboard Tables. . . 16-1€

Table 16-17 Keyboard Map File Structure 16-5C

Table 16-18 Characters Causing Problems for

COMMAND. COM . . . 16-54 Table 16-19 Sort Order for Industry-Standard Character Set

(STD). . . 16-5(

Table 16-20 Sort Order for DIGITAL Multinational Character

Set (MCS) . . . ^16-5~

xxviii Contents

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Table 16-21 Sort Order for International Standards

Organization Character Set (ISO) . . . 16-58 Table 16-22 Sort Order for French 7-Bit National

Replacement Character Set (FR7) . . . 16-59 Table 16-23 Sort Order for German 7-Bit National

Replacement Character Set (GR71 . . . 16-60 Table 17-1 Keyboard Messages Transmitted by MS-Windows . 17-12 Table 17-2 US to ASCII Translation Table. . . 17-15 Table 17-3 Danish to ASCII Translation Table. 17-21 Table 17-4 Finnish to ASCII Translation Table 17-23 Table 17-5 French to ASCII Translation Table. 17-27 Table 17-6 French Canadian and Bilingual Canadian to ASCII

Translation Table. . . 17-30 Table 17-7 German to ASCII Translation Table. . 17-33 Table 17-8

Table 17-9 Table 17-10 Table 17-11 Table 17-12 Table 17-13

Italian to ASCII Translation Table . . . Norwegian to ASCII Translation Table.

Spanish to ASCII Translation Table . Swedish to ASCII Translation Table . Swiss French to ASCII Translation Table . Swiss German to ASCII Translation Table.

Table 17-14 Translation of ANSI Set to OEM Set.

Table 17-15 Translation of OEM Set to ANSI Set.

Table 17-16 INT 10H Functions . . . . Table 17-17 Supported Video Modes. . . . Table 17-17 Character Sets Supported by Each Printer.

Table 18-1 Interrupt 6D: Datalink Functions . . . . Table 18-2 Datalink Return Codes. . . . . . . . Table 18-3 Recommended Values for Datalink Parameters.

Table 18-4 LAT Call Back Routine . . .

Table 18-5 Interrupt 6A: LAT Functions . . . . Table 18-6 Session Control Block Fields. . . . Table 18-7 DIGITAL Session Control Block Fields

Table 18-8 Interrupt 2A: MS-Network Compatible Services . . . Table 18-9 Interrupt 2A: DIGITAL Specific Session Extensions Table 18-10 Error Codes Returned by Session .. .

Table 18-11 Session Status Buffer . . . . Table C-1 DEC MCS - ASCII Graphics Set (0-71 ..

Table C-2 DEC MCS - Supplemental Graphics Set Table C-3 ISO Latin-l Character Set (0-7) . . . . Table C-4 ISO Latin-1 Character Set (8-151 . . . . Table C-5 DEC Special Graphics Character Set.

17-36 17-39 17-42 17-45 17-48 17-51 17-55 17-58 17-80 17-82 17-84 18-12 18-13 18-17 18-62 18-66 18-87 18-89 18-92 18-92 18-94 18-100 C-18 C-19 C-20 C-21 C-22 Contents xxix

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Figures Figure 1-1 Figure 1-2 Figure 1-3 Figure 1-4 Figure 1-5 Figure 1-6 Figure 2-1 Figure 3-1 Figure 3-2 Figure 3-3 Figure 6-1 Figure 7-1 Figure 7-2 Figure 7-3 Figure 7-4 Figure 7-5 Mode . . .

Base Configuration Workstation . . . . Workstation With Installed Expansion Box.

Optional 80287 Coprocessor . . . . Optional Two Megabyte DRAM Module . . . Optional Modem Module . . . . Block Diagram of Workstation Components.

8-Bit And 16-Bit Bus Connectors.

Priority Before Rotation

Priority After Rotation . . . . Interrupt Sequence . . . .

Three Channel Counter/Timer Block Diagram Block Diagram of the V AXmate Video Controller.

Character Buffer Format. . . . Memory Organization for 320 x 200 4-Color Mode.

Pixel to Bit-Field Map for 4-Color Mode . . . Memory Organization for 320 x 200 16-Color

1-2 1-3 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-5 2-11 3-14 3-14

3-2~

6-2

7-~

7-6 7-11 7-11 7-U Figure 7-6 Pixel to Bit-Field Map for 16-Color Mode . . . . 7-U Figure 7-7 Memory Organization for 640 x 200 2-Color Mode . 7-1~

Figure 7-8 Pixel to Bit-Field Map for 2-Color (Monochrome)

Mode. . . 7-1~

Figure 7-9 Figure 7-10 Figure 7-11 Mode . . . . Figure 7-12 Figure 7-13 Mode . . . . Figure 7-14 Figure 7-15 Mode . . . . Figure 7-16 Figure 8-1 Figure 8-2 Figure 8-3 Figure 8-4 Figure 8-5 Figure 8-6 Figure 8-7 Figure 8-8 Figure 8-9 xxx Contents

Memory Organization for 640 x 200 4-Color Mode . Pixel to Bit-Field Map for 4-Color Mode . . . . Memory Organization for 640 x 400 2-Color Pixel to Bit-Field Map for 2-Color Mode . . . .

Memory Organization for 640 x 400 4-Color Pixel to Bit-Field Map for 4-Color Mode . . . . Memory Organization for 800 x 252 4-Color Pixel to Bit-Field Map for 4-Color Mode Keyboard Position Labels. . .

U.S.lU.K. Keyboard . . . Canadian/English Keyboard . Danish Keyboard . . . . Finnish Keyboard . . . . French/Canadian Keyboard French Keyboard . . . . German/Austrian Keyboard Hebrew Keyboard . . . .

7-1~

7-V

7-11 7-11 7-H 7-11 7-1' 7-1' 8-11 8-3:

8-3:

8-3- 8-3 8-3¹ 8-3 8-3 8-3

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Figure 8-10 I talian Keyboard . . . Figure 8-11 Norwegian Keyboard Figure 8-12 Spanish Keyboard ..

Figure 8-13 Swedish Keyboard . . Figure 8-14 Swiss/French Keyboard.

Figure 8-15 Swiss/German Keyboard

Figure 10-1 VAXmate Mouse (Part Number VSXXXI Figure 13-1 Descriptor Rings . . . .

Figure 14-1 Test Sequence - Processor Board Figure 14-2 Test Sequence -110 Board . . . . Figure 14-3 Test Sequence - Options . . . . .

Figure 14-4 Test Sequence - Initialization and Bootstrap.

Figure 14-5 V AXmate Configuration Screen. . . . Figure 14-6 VAXmate Processor Board Jumper Configuration Figure 15-1 LK250 Keyboard Layout . . . .

Figure 16-1 MS-DOS Date and Time Structure.

Figure 17-1 Keyboard Position Labels. . . . Figure 18-1 VAXmate Network Components ..

Figure 18-2 Multicast Address Format . . . Figure 18-3 Session Interface Implementation.

Contents 8-40 8-41 8-42 8-43 8-44 8-45 10-1 13-28 14-2 14-4 14-5 14-6 14-12 14-14 15-103 16-4 17-14 18-2 18-7 18-85

xxxi

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Preface

Audience

This manual provides reference material about the VAXmate workstation. It covers all programmable components, the firmware, and several MS-DOS re- lated environments. The material and its presentation are directed to experienced programmers or software designers.

Manual Organization

This manual is divided into four parts and appendixes:

• Chapter 1 provides an overview of the V AXmate workstation and optional equipment.

• Chapters 2 through 13 introduce the V AXmate workstation

programmable hardware devices. Each chapter discusses a single hardware programming task, such as video input/output (110). external interrupt processing, or serial communications and includes the following information:

A brief device description A list of additional references

A description of the programmable hardware registers A programming example

A discussion of the example

The examples are written in the C programming language to reduce the size of the examples and focus on the task rather than the detail required by the language.

• Chapter 14 describes the power-up diagnostics and system startup.

• Chapter 15 describes the read-only memory basic input/output system (ROM BIOS).

• The appendixes contain additional information, including a bibliography of other useful publications.

Preface xxxiii

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Terminology

The following terms are used throughout this manual and are defined as follows:

Term

Industry-standard

Reserved Available Unassigned

xxxiv Preface

Definition

The computer industry recognizes two open architectures as industry standards, the IBM PC AT bus structure and the Microsoft disk operating system IMS-DOS). Moreover, supporting MS-DOS requires a defined set of ROM BIOS services. The term industry-standard refers to compatibil- ity with these architectures.

To avoid confusion and incompatibility, the use of certain items such as memory space, 110 space, interrupt vectors, and ROM BIOS parameters or return values must be clearly defined. These three categories define those items that do not have a specific use.

Reserved In future hardware or software releases, DIGITAL may define a specific use for thi~

item. Hardware or software applications that use this item may not work with future releases.

Available

Unassigned

Hardware or software applications can use this item. DIGITAL has defined the specific use of this item as available for applications.

Hardware or software applications can use this item. However, there remains some risk that DIGITAL may define a specific use for this item.

(36)

Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference

Class A Computing Devices

This equipment generates, uses, and may emit radio frequency energy. The equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing device pursuant to Sub-part J of Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such radio frequency interference when operated in a commercial environment. Operation of this equipment in a residential area may cause interference in which case the user at his own expense may be required to take measures to correct the interference.

If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following methods:

• re-orient the receiving antenna

• relocate the computer with respect to the receiver

• move the computer away from the receiver

• plug the computer into a different outlet so that computer and receiver are on different branch circuits.

If necessary, the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio and television technician for additional suggestions. The user may find the booklet, How to Identify and Resolve RadiolI'V Interference Problems, prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful. This booklet is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, Stock No. 004-000-00398-5.

NOTE

Shielded cables are provided for use with this device. Should any cables be replaced or added for any reason, these cables should be the same as, or with higher shielding capabilities, than those provided by Digital Equipment Corporation.

Preface xxxv

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Overview

Chapter 14 System Startup

During system startup, the ROM firmware on the processor board runs diagnostic tests, initializes the video, memory, disk controller, and firmware data, Following diagnostic tests and initialization, the firmware tries to load the operating system from the diskette, hard disk, or network.

The ROM diagnostic tests isolate errors to a field-replaceable unit (processor board, I/O board, keyboard, drives, or DIGITAL options). The diagnostic tests have two modes, a 30-second powerup test and a 3-minute extended self-test.

Powerup Test

The powerup test automatically performs a brief check of the system hardware.

It performs a processor board test, a keyboard test, an input/output ⁽¹¹⁰⁾board test. a brief video check, and an internal I/O interface test. During the video test, a solid line flashes at the top of the screen. The firmware checks the presence of a diskette controller, a diskette drive, a hard disk controller, and a hard disk drive. If found, they are also tested. The last tests performed are on-board diagnostics for DIGITAL options, such as the modem board. Finally, the firmware initializes the hardware and firmware data. Figures 14-1 through 14-4 show the powerup test sequence.

System Startup 14 - 1

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14- 2

EXTENDED SELF-TEST TRL/AL; T lHONE

SOFT RESET CTRL/AL T IDEL

POWER ON

TURN CPU BOARD

LED ON

INITIALIZE VIDEO SYSTEM

DISPLAY HORIZONTAL

BAR

HALT CPU

LJ 1312

Figure 14-1 Test Sequence· Processor Board

System Startup

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NO

NO NO

TURN CPU BOARD

LED Off

TURN CPU BOARD

LED ON

TURN CPU BOARD

LED OfF

LJ-1313

Figure 14-1 Test Sequence· Processor Board ~cont.'

System Startup 14- 3

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14- 4

TURN lID BOARD

LED ON

NO

TEST DIGiTAL

VIDEO DISPLAY IDEO PATTERN

NO

TURN lID BOARD

LED OFF

LJ 1314

Figure 14-2 Test Sequence -1/0 Board

System Startup

(42)

~N~O ____________ ~ NO

NO

TURN MODEM SOARD LED ON

TURN MODEM SOARD LED OFF

Figure 14-3 Test Sequence - Options

System Startup 14- 5

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14- 6

ERROR DETECTED BRIGHTEN ICON

DISPLAY ERROR NUMBER

INITIALIZE ALL HARDIIARE

NOTE' MEMORY IS INITIALIZED ONLY IN POIIER-UP TEST, NOT IN EXTENDED SELF-TEST

DISPLAY CONFIGURATION

SCREEN

ENABLE NETIIORK DATA LINK

Figure 14·4 Test Sequence· Initialization and Bootstrap

System Startup

(44)

DISABLE NETIo'ORK DATA LINK

INITIALIZE ROM BIOS

AND DIGITAL OPTIONS

YES

DISPLAY DIAGNOSTIC

ERROR CODE

ENABLE NETIo'ORK DATA LINK

READ BOOT BLOCK

TO START OPERATING SYSTEM

LJ-1317

Figure 14-4 Test Sequence - Initialization and Bootstrap (cont.)

System Startup 14- 7

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During the powerup test, the firmware diagnostic draws a horizontal bar on the screen. As tests complete, the firmware gradually shades in this bar. When the diagnostic detects an error, the filled-in area of the bar changes shade and two beeps sound. A failure value displays below the middle of the bar and remains for 5 seconds. When the bar disappears, the error value moves to the middle of the first line, where it remains until scrolled off the screen. Table 14-1 lists the error codes.

Table 14-1 VAXmate Powerup and Self-Test Error Codes

Code FRU

OOH-1FH CPU Board 20H-3FH 110 Board

40H-4FH Diskette Drive A 50H-5FH Option Memory 60H-6FH Keyboard

70H-7FH Hard Disk Controller 80H-SFH Hard Disk

90H-9FH Integral Modem AOH-FFH Reserved

Only a few test failures are severe enough to halt the system. These are in the basic tests. If a severe failure occurs, the processor board LED stays on, and two beeps sound.

The tests include:

•

Memory access

•

Data path validity

•

Addressing

•

ROM checksum

•

Stack and vector area

•

Refresh request

•

CMOS shutdown byte

When testing of a field-replaceable unit WRU) completes, the firmware turns off the LED on the FRU. The FRUs with LEDs include the processor board, the 110 board, the memory option board (parity errors only), and the modem option board.

NOTE

Depending on the type of failure, if the video initialization sequence fails, it is possible that the 110 board LED may remain on.

14- 8 System Startup

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The processor board LED and the 110 board LED are visible through the top of the VAXmate cover. The processor board LED is red color. The 1/0 board LED is an amber color. The memory board option LED lights up only if the test detects a parity error.

The powerup test checks only DIGITAL supported hardware. For example, the test checks the DIGITAL modem option but does not check other vendor modem boards, unless the vendor adds option ROMs with a powerup test that conforms to a DIGITAL standard.

Initialization

After the powerup test completes, the firmware diagnostic performs an initialization sequence that consists of sizing the memory, initializing up to 15 Mbytes of memory, and initializing the hardware. Then, the firmware diagnostic passes control to the ROM BIOS, which initializes the firmware data, sets up all interrupt vectors, and attempts to load the operating system from the diskette, the hard disk (if installed), or the network.

Real Mode Versus Virtual Protected Mode

The processor can operate in two modes, real mode and virtual protected mode.

The coding of programs is distinctly different for these two modes. When operating in real mode (the powerup mode), the processor can access only the first megabyte of physical memory. When operating in virtual protected mode, the processor can access all 16 Mbytes of the physical address space. The powerup test checks only the 640K system RAM and the DEC private RAM that reside in the first megabyte of physical address space.

To prevent parity errors, the memory above the first megabyte, including the 2 Mbytes memory option board. is initialized during power up. The memory above the first megabyte is tested in the extended self-test mode.

System Startup 14- 9