Distribution of Atlantic

I Distribution of Atlantic

by Uwe Piatkowski

erichte zur Pola rschung Nr. 22 /Februar 1985

eports on Polar search no. 22 IFebruary 1985

Contents

Summary . Zusammenfassung

...

⁴

1

.

Introduction

...

⁵

2

.

Material and Methods

...

⁵

3

.

^Results

...

⁸

4

.

References

...

^{1 2} 5

.

Maps of Macrozooplankton Distribution

...

¹⁵

Summary

Macrozooplankton samples were taken durina three cruises of the F R V "Walther Herwia" into the Atlantic s e c t o r o f the Southern Ocean durinq the austral Summers of 1975/76, 1977/78 and 1 9 8 0 / 8 1.

T h e present Paper presents maps On the qeoaraphical distribu- tion and abundance of the five most frequent m a c r o z o o ~ l a n k t o n aroups in the Southern Ocean, adult krill (Euphausia superba), other euphausiids, amwhipods, chaetoqnaths and salps.

Zusammenfassunq

Wahrend d e r drei Forschunqsreisen des FFS "Walther Herwial' in den atlantischen Sektor des Sudpolarmeeres, d i e in den Südsommer 1975/76, 1977/78 und 1980/81 stattfanden, wurde ein umfanqreiches Makrozooplankton-Material aesammelt.

Der vorliegende Bericht untersucht die qeoqraphische Verbrei- tung und r e l a t i v e Haufiakeit von adultem Krill (Euphausia superba), anderen Euphausiiden, Amphipoden, Chaetoqnathen und Salpen

,

d i e d i e f unf haufiasten M a k r o z o o p 1 . a n k t o n - G r u p p e n im Sudpolarmeer darstellen.

MAPS OF TUE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF MACPOZOOPLANKTON I N

THE ATLANTIC SECTOR O F THE SOOTHERN OCEAN

b y Uwe P i a t k o w s k i

1

.

I n t r o d u c t i o n

T h e m a i n p u r p o s e o f t h e G e r m a n A n t a r c t i c E x p e d i t i o n s w i t h FRV W a l t h e r H e r w i q " i n t o t h e A t l a n t i c s e c t o r of t h e S o u t h e r n O c e a n w a s r e s e a r c h o n A n t a r c t i c k r i l l ( E u p h a u s i a s u p e r b a ) a n d c o m m e r c i a l f i s h s p e c i e s .

S a h r h a q e e t a l . ( 1 9 7 8 ) , Hempel e t a l . ( 1 9 7 9 ) a n d H e m p e l ( 1 9 8 2 ) h a v e r e p o r t e d c o m p r e h e n s i v e l y On t h e t h r e e e x o e d i t i o n s , w h i c h t o o k p l a c e d u r i n a t h e a u s t r a l S u m m e r s o f 1 9 7 5 / 7 6 , 1 9 7 7 / 7 8 a n d 1 9 8 0 / 8 1 .

N e t s a m o l i n q w r o q r a m m e s w e r e c a r r i e d o u t t o i n v e s t i q a t e d i s t r i b u t i o n a n d a b u n d a n c e o f k r i l l a n d t o a n a l y s e p o w u l a t i o n s t r u c t u r e s . S a m p l i n a q e a r c o n s i s t e d o f a p e l a q i c m i d w a t e r t r a w l , a B o n q o n e t a n d a r e c t a n q u l a r m i d w a t e r t r a w l (RMT 1 + 8 ) ( B a k e r e t a l . 1 9 7 3 ) . T h e l a t t e r w a s u s e d i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h e c h o - s u r v e v s .

T h e k r i l l s a m p l e s o b t a i n s d w e r e s t u d i e r ! i n t e n s i v e l y b y s e v e r a l a u t h o r s ( i . q . N a s t 1 9 7 8 , 1 9 8 2 a , h , N a s t e t a l . 1 9 8 2 , P o m m e r a n z

1 9 7 8 a , b , S i e q e l 1 9 8 2 , 1 9 8 3 , W o r n e r 1 9 7 9 ) .

M a c r o z o o o l a n k t o n q r o u w s o t h e r t h a n k r i l l t h a t w e r e e x a m i n e d , i n c l u d ~ d o t h p r e u p h a u s i i d s ( W e i a m a n n - H a a s s a n d H a a s s 1 Q 8 0 ) , a m p h i o o d s ( A n d r e s 1 9 7 8 , 1 9 8 2 , 1 9 8 3 , W e i o p i a n n - H a a s s 1 9 8 3 ) , c h a e t o ~ n a t h s ( J a m e s 1 9 7 9 ) , p o s t l a r v a l n o t o t h e n i o i d s ( K e l l e r - mann a n d Kock 1 9 8 4 ) a n d m y c t o n h i d s ( R o w e d d e r 1 9 7 9 ) .

T h i s r e p o r t i s p a r t o f a m a s t e r t h e s i s ( P i a t k o w s k i 1 9 8 2 ) . I t d e s c r i b e s t h e q e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n a n d a b u n d a n c e o f t h e f i v e p r e v a i l i n q m a c r o z o o p l a n k t o n t a x a c a u q h t w i t h t h e RMT 8 o n a l l t h r e e e x p e d i t i o n s . T h e y a . r e k r i l l ( E u p h a u s i a s u p e r b a ) , o t h e r e u p h a u s i i d s , a r n p h i p o d s , c h a e t o q n a t h s a n d s a l o s . T h e d i s t r i b u t i o n c h a r t s o f E u p h a u s i a s u p e r b a , s h o w n i n t h i s s t u d v , a r e m o d i f i e d f i q u r e s p r e v i o u s l v p u b l i s h e d b y P o m m e r a n z ( 1 9 7 8 1 , W 6 r n e r ( 1 9 7 9 ) , N a s t ( 1 9 8 2 ) a n d S i e q e l ( 1 9 8 2 ) .

2 . M a t e r i a l a n d M e t h o d s

S a m p l e s w ~ r e t a k e n i n t h e A t l a n t i c s e c t o r o f t h e S o u t h e r n O c e a n b e t w e e n 30°b a n d 6 4 ' ~ . T h e a r e a s u r v e v e d w a s s u h d i v i d e d

i n t o t h r e e r ~ q i o n s ( F i q . 1 ) :

South Shetland Islands Central Scotia Sea South Georaia.

A l l macrozooplankton samples analysed were obtained with the R M T 8 (mesh size 4.5 mm, mouth openinq approximatel y 8 m2) of the Institute of Oceanoqraohic Science's RMT 1+8 (Baker et al.

1973). The standard procedure w a s an oblique haul in t h e surface waters (maximum fishinq depth 200 m).

V o l u m e of filtered w a t e r was calculated bv Pommeranz (unpuh- lished). Station m a p s an6 lists, detailed descriptions o f h a u l s , a c c u r a t ~ haul depths and comments On stations w e r e published by

Worner and Küh (1978) for cruise 1975/76 Worner (1978) for cruise 1977/78 Piatkowski and Klaaes (1983) for cruise 1980/81.

Sortinq procdures and results of the micronekton and z o o ~ l a n k - ton investiqations were qiven bv

James and Worner (1978) for cruise 1975/76 James (1980) for cruise 1977/78 Piatkowski et al. (1984) for cruise 1980/81.

J a m e s and Worner (1978), assisted by several students sorted the RMT 8 samples into the followinq taxa:

Fish

Fish larvae Fish eqqs Scyphomedusae

Euphausia superba (oostlarvae and adults) Other Euphausiids (postla-rvae and adults) Arnphipod s

Decaoods (postlarvae and adults) Mysids

Chaetoanaths Salps

Siphonophores Polychaetes Cephalooods Other Molluscs

Cooepods

+

Ostracods (presence/absence).

F o r this studv o n l v Euphausia s u p e r b a , other euphausiids, amphioods, c h a e t o q n a t h s , and s a l p s were considered for analyses of qeoqraphical distribution and abundante

,

^{as thev}

were clearlv the most abundant macrozooplankton aroups.

3. Results

A total of 3 5 7 samples was analysed in this studv. In Table 1 they are compiled accordinq to qeoqraphical locations and time of year.

Composition of macrozooplankton aroups

Euphausia superba was the prevailina macrozooplankton species in all three a r e a s surveved. Other euohausiids found. were mainly T h y s a n o e s s a macrura, E. friaida and triacantha, of which

T .

macrura was the m o s ~ a b u n d a n t euphausiid next to superba. T h e major representative amphipod was the hyperiid Themisto qaudichaudii. O f the chaetoqnaths, the soecies Eukrohnia hamata and Saqitta qazellae ~ r e v a i l e d . Salpa thomo- soni was the absolute dominant species of the salps.

Geoaraphical distribution and abundance

Table 2 presents the densitv classes, in which the major macrozooplankton taxa occurred. Only

E.

superba and salos were found in densities hiuher than 1 0 0 0 0 ind/mL.

Maximum concentrations of different macrozooplankton qroups in each of the three reqions are shown in Table 3 :

Table 3 Maximum concentrations of different macrozoo~lankton q r o u o s in the three reqions investiaated (indivi- duals/m2).

Group South Shetland Central South

Islands Scotia Sea Georqia

Euphausia superba 7 7 6 6 1 7 2 7 3 3 3 7 4 6 Other euphausiids 1 0 7 4 1 4 3 6 6 7

Amph ipods 1 6 8 3 8 0 5 0 5

Chaetoqnaths 9 7 5 1 1 1 0 5 3

Salos 3 6 0 3 3 4 1 5 2 0 1 8 9 6

Fiqures 2

-

8 1 show the qeoaraphical distribution and abun- dance of the predominant taxa in t h e three reqions investi- qated.

Bach fiqure represents a different month and cruise leq, thus monthly an6 annual differentes in t h e distribution and

abunriance of the macrozooplankton qroups in each of the three reqions become apparent.

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P a r t i c u l a r l v r i c h s a m p l e s o f E u p h a u s i a s u p e r b a (

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1 0 0 0 i n d / m 2 ) were f o u n d i n t h e w a t e r s o f f E l e p h a n t I s l a n d , i n t h e n o r t h - W e s t e r n p a r t o f t h e W e d d e l l S e a a n d o n t h e n o r t h e r n s h e l f r e a i o n s o f S o u t h G e o r a i a . I n November/Decemher k r i l l c o n c e n - t r a t i o n s w e r e s i q n i f i c a n t l y h i q h e r t h a n i n t h e f o l l o w i n g m o n t h s . E . s u p e r b a d i s t r i b u t i o n w a s h e t e r o q e n e o u s . A p a r t f r o m m a x i m u m G n c e n t r a t i o n s o f a l l g r o u p s i n v e s t i a a t e d

E.

s u p e r b a a l s o showed t h e h i q h e s t n u m h e r o f s a m p l e s w i t h d e n s i t i e s l e s s t h a n 0 . 1 i n d / m 2 .

O t h e r e u p h a u s i i d s , a m p h i p o d s a n d c h a e t o q n a t h s o c c u r r e d i n d i s t i n c t l y l o w e r n u m b e r s t h a n

E.

s u p e r b a a n d s a l p s . T h e y h a d a more e v e n d i s t r i b u t i o n t h a n E . s u w e r b a i n a l l a r e a s i n v e s t i - g a t e d . A n n u a l o r m o n t h l y differentes i n a h u n d a n c e c o u l d n o t b e d e t e c t e d .

H i a h e s t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f s a l o s w e r e o b t a i n e d d u r i n q J a n u a r y a n d F e b r u a r v i n a l l r e q i o n s . T h e n u m b e r s c a u q h t were s i a n i f i - c a n t l y h i q h , i f E . s u p e r b a o c c u r r e d i n l o w d e n s i t i e s ( F i q s . 3 6 a n d 5 6 , 5 7 a n d 7 7 ) .

C o m p a r i n q t h e a b u n d a n c e s o f d i f f e r e n t times o f t h e d a y o n l v s a l p s i n d i c a t e d o a t t e r n s o f a d i u r n a l m i q r a t i o n , b e c a u s e t h e i r n u m b e r s i n c r e a s e d i n t h e s u r f a c e w a t e r s d u r i n a t h e h a u l s a t d u s k .

T h e d a t a d i d n o t r e v e a l a s i q n i f i c a n t d i u r n a l m i a r a t i o n o f t h e o t h e r a r o u p s , t h e s e a p p e a r e d t o r e m a i n w i t h i n t h e s u r f a c e l a v e r s ( < 2 0 0 m w a t e r d e p t h ) h o t h d u r i n g t h e d a y a n d n i ~ h t ( T a b l e 4 ) .

T a b l e 4 Mean a b u n d a n c e s o f i n v e s t . i a a t e d m a c r o z o o u l a n k t o n q r o u p s ( i n d i v i d u a l s / i r 2 ) a t v a r i o u s t i m e s o f t h e riav.

DA = d a y t i m e , DU = d u s k , NI = n i q h t t i m e , DW = dawn.

E u w h a u s i a s u p e r h a 1 4 2 6 2 1 5 19 7 4

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A m o h i u o d s 11 5 6 2

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^{1 2 1}

S a l p s 4 9 2 2 1 8 8 1 2 7 11

T h e a h u n d a n c e o f a l l f i v e a r o u p s , e s w e c i a l l v t h a t of t h e s a l o s w a s s i q n i f i c a n t l y h i g h e r i n t h e s e a s o n o f 1 9 7 5 / 7 6 t h a n i n t h e s e a s o n s o f 1 9 7 7 / 7 8 a n d 1 9 8 0 / 8 1 , w h i c h i s a p p l i c a h l e t o a l l t h r e e r e a i o n s i n v e s t i o a t e d .

Acknowledqements

I thank all scientists as well as the Crew of the FRV "Walther Herwig", who were enqaqed in the plankton samplinq proorammes during the three cruises. I am grateful to the many collea- gues, who carefully sorted the numerous plankton samples. Dr.

T. Pommeranz kindly supplied bis unpublished data of the filtered water volumes of the RMT 8. Thanks are due to Dr. G.

Dieckmann for his help in correctinq the Enalish and to Mrs.

S. Marschall for typinq the draft.

4. References

Andres HG ( 1978 ) Gammaridea (Amphipods, Crustacea) der Antarktis-Expedition 1975/76. Auswertunq der Dauersta- tion südlic von Elephant Island. Meeresforsch 27:

88-102

Andres HG (1982) Die Gammaridea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) der Deutschen Antarktis-Expeditionen 1975/76 und 1977/78. 2.

Eusiridae. Mitt hamb zool Mus Inst 79: 159-185

Andres HG (1983) Die Gammaridea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) der Deutschen Antarktisexpeditionen 1975/76 und 1977/78. 3.

Mus Inst 80: 183-220 Lvsianassidae. Mitt hamb zool

Baker A de C , Clarke MR, Harris MJ tion Net (RMT 1+8) and further gular Midwater Trawls. J mar b

(2973) The N.1.0. Combina- developments of Rectan- iol Ass IJK 53: 167-184 Hempel G (1982) Antarktis-Expedition 1981 der Bundesrepublik

Deutschland mit FFS "Walther Herwiq". Einleitunq, Aufqabe der Expedition, Organisation sowie nationale und internationale Zusammenarbeit. Arch FischWiss 33 (Beih I): 5-15

Hempel G , Sahrhage D , Schreiber W, Steinberq R (1979) Antark- tis-Expedition 1977/78 der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.

Arch FischWiss 30 (Beih I), pp 1-119

James R (1979) Antarctic chaetoqnaths from a time station near Elephant Island. Meeresforsch 27: 282-287

James R (1980) Sortierergebnisse des Zooplanktons der deut- schen Antarktis-Expedition 1977/78. Schrift1 Mitt, pp

1-50

James R, Worner FG (1978) Results of the sortina of the mikronekton and zooplankton material sampled by the German Antarctic Exuedition 1975/76. Ber Inst Meereskd Kiel 59, pp 1-53

Kellermann A I Kock K-H (1984) Postlarval and Juvenile Nototbe- nioids (Pisces, Perciformes) in the Southern Scotia S e a and Northern Weddell Sea durinq FIREX 1981. Meeresforsch 30: 82-93

Nast F ( 1 9 7 8 ) T h e vertical distribution of 1-arval and adult krill ( E u p h a u s i a superba Dana) on a time station south of Elephant I s l a n d , South Shetlands. Meeresforsch 27:

103-118

Nast F ( l 9 8 2 a ) Krillfanqe wahrend FIBEX 1981. Arch FischWiss 33 (Beih 1): 61-84

Nast F ( 1 9 8 2 b ) T h e assessment o f k r i l l (Euphausia superba D a n a ) biomass frorn a net samplinq Droqramme. Meeres- forsch 29: 154-165

Nast F , Pommeranz T, Stein M ( 1 9 8 2 ) A comparison of k r i l l abundance between the 1975/76 and 1980/81 seasons around t h e Weddell-Scotia confluence. ICES Bio1 Oceanoar Cttee CM L:5, pp 1 - 1 1

Piatkowski U ( 1 9 8 2 ) Beitrage z u r Verbreitunq d e s Makrozoo- planktons in d e r Scotia S e a und ihrer anqrenzenden Gebiete. Masters Thesis Univ Kiel, pp 1-149

Piatkowski U , Klaqes N ( 1 9 8 3 ) German Antarctic Exoedition 1980/81 with FRV "Walther Herwiq" and RV "Meteor". First International BIOMASS Experiment (FIBEX). Data of micronekton and zooplankton hauls. Ber Polarforsch 15, pw 1-57

Piatkowski U , Hempel I , Rakusa-Suszczewski S ( 1 9 8 4 ) FIBEX Cruise Zooplankton Data. ße Polarforsch 16, DP 1-53 Pommeranz T ( 1 9 7 8 a ) Mikronekton und Zooplankton. In: Sahrhaqe

D, Schreiber V, Steinberq R, Hempel G ( e d s ) Antarktis- Expedition 1975/76 der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Arch FischWiss 29 (Beih 1): 31-41

Pommeranz T ( 1 9 7 8 b ) Atternwts for Quantitative Studies in the Distribution o f Adult Krill Euphausia suwerba Dana in the Scotia Sea. ICES Bio1 Oceanoqr Cttee CM L:5, pp 1-17 Rowedder U ( 1 9 7 9 ) S o m e aswects o f the biolqoy of Electrona antarctica ( G u n t h e r , 1878), (Familv Mvctophidae).

Meeresforsch 27: 244-251

Sahrhaqe D , Schreiber W , Steinberq R , Hempel G (1978) Antark- tis-Expedition 1975/76 der Bundesrepublik Deutschlannd.

Arch FischWiss 29 (Beih I), ~p 1-96

Sieqel V (1982) Untersuchunaen an Nachlaichkonzentrationen des antarktischen Krills E u ~ h a u s i a superba. Arch FischWiss 33 (Beih 1): 113-125

Sieael V (1983) Population structure of Euuhausia superha in the eastern part of the Bransfield Strait. In: Schnack S B ( e d ) O n the Bioloqy of Krill ( E u p h a u s i a superba).

Proceedinqs of the Seminar and Report of the Krill Bioloqy Grouo, Bremerhaven, 12-16 May 1983. Ber Polar- forsch Sonderh 4: 227-238

Weiqmann-Haass R ( 1983) Zur Taxonomie und Verbreitung d e r Gattung C y l l o p u s Dana 1853 (Amphipoda:Hyperiidea) im antarktischen Teil des Atlantik. Meteor Forsch Erqeb- nisse (Reihe D) 36: 1 - 1 1

Weiqmann-Haass R, Haass G (1980) Geoqraphische Verbreitunq und vertikale Verteilunq d e r Euphausiacea (Crustacea) wahrend d e r Antarktis-Expedition 1975/76. Meeresforsch

28: 19-31

Worner F G ( 1 9 7 8 ) Liste der Mikronekton- und Zoo~lanktonfanae der 2. Deutschen Antarktis-Expedition 1977/78. ße Inst Meereskd Kiel 60, pp 1-R2

Worner FG (1979) Zooplankton- und Mikronektonfanae. In: Hempel G, Sahrhaqe D, Schreiber W , Steinberq R ( e d s ) Antark- tis-Expedition 1977/78 der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.

Arch FischWiss 30 (Beih 1): 40-61

Worner F G , Küh A (1978) Liste der Mikronekton- und Zooplank- tonfanqe der deutschen Antarktis-Expedition 1975/76. Ber Inst Meereskd Kiel 48, pp 1-55

5. Maps o f M a c r o z o o p l a n k t o n D i s t r i b u t i o n S o u t h S h e t l a n d I s l a n d s

F i q . 2 : G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n a n d r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e o f

~ u ~ h a u s i a s u p e r b a by RMT 8 s a r n p l e s i n November/Decem- b e r 1 9 7 7 ( m o d i f i e d f r o m W o r n e r 1 9 7 9 ) .

F i q . 3: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n a n d r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e o f E u p h a u s i a s u p e r b a b y RMT 8 s a m p l e s i n J a n u a r y / F e b r u - a r y 1 9 7 6 ( r n o d i f i e d f r o m Pornrneranz 1 9 7 8 ) .

Fig. 4: G e o q r a p h i c a l D i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of E u p h a u s i a s u p e r b a b y R M T 8 s a m ~ l e s in January/Febru- a r y 1978 ( m o d i f i e d f r o m W Ã ¶ r n e 1979).

Fiq. 5: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n a n d r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e of E u p h a u s i a s u p e r b a by RMT 8 s a m p l e s in January/Febru- a r y 1981 ( m o d i f i e d f r o m Nast 1982b).

Fiq. 6: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative a b u n d a n c e o f E u p h a u s i a s u p e r b a b y R M T 8 s a m o l e s i n M a r c h 1 9 7 8

( m o d i f i e d from W o r n e r 1979).

Fig. 7: Geoqraphical d i s t r i b u t i o n a n d r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e o f E u p h a u s i a s u p e r b a b y R M T 8 s a m o l e s i n M a r c h 1981

( m o d i f i e d from S i e q e l 1982).

17

Fiq. 8: G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of e u p h a u s i i d s ( e x c l

.

E u p h a u s i a s u p e r b a ) by R M T 8 sarnples in November/Decernber 1977.

Fiq. 9: Geoqraphical distribution and r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e of e u p h a u s i i d s ( e x c l . E u p h a u s i a s u p e r b a ) by R M T 8 samples in Januarv/February 1976.

Fiq. 10: Geoaraphical distribution and relative abundance of euphausiids (excl. E u p h a u s i a superba) b~ R M T 8 samples in January/February 1978.

Fiq. 11: Geoqraphical distribution and relative abundance of e u p h a u s i i d s (excl. E u p h a u s i a s u p e r b a ) by R M T 8 samples in January/February 1 9 8 1 .

Fiq. 1 2 : Geoqraphical distribution and relative abundance of euphausiids (excl. Euphausia superba) by RMT 8 samples in March 1 9 7 8 .

63' W 61' 5S0 5 7 O 5 5 O

Fiq. 1 3 : Geoqraohical D i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of euphausiids (excl. Euphausia s u ~ e r b a ) by R M T 8 samples in March 1 9 8 1 .

61'- S

I I I I I

EUPHAUSI I DS @ 0 -

excl E -ba

(I"dMAwK I",')

-

9 10'- ⁰ ' W ' ⁰

+.Â¥r

a l o 4 - < l @ a - - a

Fiq. 14: G e o q r a p h i c a l D i s t r i b u t i o n and r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e o f a m p h i p o d s by R M T 8 s a m p l e s i n N o v e m b e r / D e c e m b e r 1977.

Fiq. 15: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e of a m p h i p o d s b y R M T 8 s a m p l e s in J a n u a r y / F e b r u a r y 1976.

Fig. 16: G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative a b u n d a n c e of a m p h i o o d s by R M T 8 s a m p l e s i n J a n u a r y / F e b r u a r v 1978.

Fiq. 17: G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e o f a m p h i p o d s by R M T 8 sainples i n J a n u a r y / F e b r u a r y

1981.

F i g . 18: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e of a m p h i p o d s by RMT 8 s a m p l e s i n March 1978.

F i g . 1 9 : G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e o f a m p h i p o d s by RMT 8 s a m p l e s i n March 1 9 8 1 .

Fiq. 20: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance o f c h a e t o q n a t h s by RMT 8 s a m p l e s i n N o v e m b e r / D e c e m b e r 1977.

Fiq. 21: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and r e l a t i v e abundance of c h a e t o q n a t h s by R M T 8 s a m p l e s i n J a n u a r y / F e b r u a r v 1976.

2 4

F i g . 2 2 : G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n a n d r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e o f c h a e t o q n a t h s b y RMT 8 s a m p l e s i n J a n u a r y / F e b r u a r y 1 9 7 8 .

F i g . 2 3 : G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n a n d r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e o f c h a e t o q n a t h s b y RMT 8 s a m p l e s i n J a n u a r y / F e b r u a r y 1 9 8 1 .

Fig. 24: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of chaetognaths by RMT 8 s a m p l e s in March 1978.

Fig. 25: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of c h a e t o q n a t h s by RMT 8 samples in March 1981.

63' W 61' 59" 5 7 O 5 5 O

I I I I

0 -' - ! Ã I ee ,

SALPS

IIrxiwlduoh l m ' )

-

_e

.

d - < l ^{B'- 0 <10'} ¥e ^à e ^{* W ,}

V

9^S

- -

,

0 1 - <I0

@ 10-<È ^{B B,} . *

@ 10'-<M'

,

-

. .

.

^{, . - .}

...

^

_{... ...} ^...

... ...

... .........

. .

NO" / Dez '77 -tOO ttthomi

.,M ,.,,.W"'

Fiq. 26: Geoqraphical distribution and relative abundance of salps by RMT 8 samples in November/December 1 9 7 7 .

Fig. 27: Geoaraphical d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of s a l ~ s b y RMT 8 samples in January/February 1 9 7 6 .

63' W 61' 59O 57O 55O

I I I I

61"- ^I

SALPS ^{n a}

S (IndruducA i m ' )

-

⁰

-

0 10"- < 10'

Fig. 28: G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e o f s a l p s by RMT 8 s a m p l e s in January/February 1978.

Fig. 29: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e o f s a l p s by RMT 8 s a m w l e s in January/February 1981.

F i g . 3 0 : G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n a n d r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e o f s a l p s bv RMT 8 s a m o l e s i n M a r c h 1 9 7 8 .

Fig. 3 1 : G e o q r a p h i c a l r l i s t r i b u t i o n a n d r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e o f s a l p s by RMT 8 s a m p l e s i n M a r c h 1 9 8 1 .

Central Scotia Sea

Fici. 32: G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance o f E u p h a u s i a s u p e r b a by R M T 8 s a m p l e s i n N o v e m b e r / December 1975 (modified from Pommeranz 1978).

Fig. 33: Geoqraphical distribution a n d r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e o f Euphausia superba by R M T 8 samples in November/Decem- ber 1977 (modified from W o r n e r 1979).

Fig. 34: Geographical distribution and relative abundance of Euphausia superba by RMT 8 samples from January to March 1978 (modified from Worner 1979).

Fiq. 35: Geoqraphical distribution and relative abundance o f Euphausia superba by R M T 8 samples in February 1981

(modified from Nast 1982b).

Fig. 36: G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative a b u n d a n c e of E u p h a u s i a s u p e r b a by RMT 8 sarnples in February/March

1976 ( m o d i f i e d from P o m m e r a n z 1978).

Fig. 37: Geoqraphical distribution and r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e of e u w h a u s i i d s ( e x c l . E u p h a u s i a s u p e r b a ) b y R M T 8 samples in November/December 1975.

Fiq. 38: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance o f e u p h a u s i i d s ( e x c l . E u p h a u s i a s u p e r b a ) by R M T 8 samples in November/December 1977.

Fig. 39: Geoqraphical distribution a n d r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e o f e u p h a u s i i d s ( e x c l . E u p h a u s i a s u p e r b a ) b y R M T 8 samples from January t o March 1978.

Fiq. 40: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance ^{- - --} e u p h a u s i i d s ( e x c l . E u p h a u s i a s u p e r b a ) b y R M T 8 samples in Februarv 1981.

Fiq. 41: Geoqraphical distribution and r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e o f e u p h a u s i i d s ( e x c l . E u p h a u s i a s u p e r b a ) b y R M T 8 samples in February/March 1976.

Fiq. 42: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of a m p h i p o d s by R M T 8 s a m p l e s in N o v e m b e r / D e c e m b e r

Fia. 43: G e o a r a o h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of a m p h i p o d s by R M T 8 s a m p l e s in N o v e m b e r / D e c e m b e r

1 9 7 7 .

Fig. 44: G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of a m p h i p o d s bv R M T 8 s a m w l e s f r o m J a n u a r v t o M a r c h

Fig. 45: G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of amphipods by RMT 8 samples in February 1981.

AMPHIPODEN

Individuen Irn

Fig. 46: G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance o f amphipods by RMT 8 s a m p l e s in February/March 1976.

Fig. 47: G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance o f chaetoqnaths bv R M T 8 s a m o l e s i n ~ o v e m b e r / D e c e m b e r 1975.

L ^-

CHAETOGNAHEN

0

⁽ Individuen / m )

Fiq. 48: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of chaetoqnaths by R M T 8 s a m o l e s in N o v e m b e r / D e c e m b e r

Fiq. 49: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of chaetoqnaths by RMT 8 s a m p l e s f r o m J a n u a r y t o M a r c h 1978.

Fiq. 50: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance o f chaetognaths by R M T 8 s a m p l e s in February 1981.

Fig. 51: G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance o f c ' n a e t o q n a t h s b y R M T 8 s a m p l e s i n F e b r u a r y / M a r c h

1976.

Fiq. 52: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of salps by RMT 8 samples in November/December 1975.

Fiq. 53: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance salps b y RMT 8 samples in November/December 1977.

Jan - Mr '78

Fiq. 54: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e o f s a l p s by RMT 8 s a m p l e s f r o m J a n u a r y to March 1978.

Fiq. 55: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e o f s a l p s by R M T 8 s a m p l e s in F e b r u a r y 1981.

Fiq. 56: G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of salps by RMT 8 samples in February/March 1976.

South Georqia

Fig. 5 7 : Geoqraphical distribution and relative abundance of Euphausia superba by RMT 8 samples in December 1 9 7 5

(modified from Pommeranz 1 9 7 8 ) .

Fia. 5 8 : Geoaraohical distribution and relative abundance of

~ u ~ h a u s i a superba by RMT 8 samples in November/Decern- ber 1 9 7 7 (modified from Worner 1 9 7 9 ) .

Fia. 59: G e o a r a w h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n a n d relative a b u n d a n c e o f

~ u ~ h a u i i a s u p e r b a b y R M T 8 s a m p l e s i n J a n u a r y 1978 ( m o d i f i e d f r o m W o r n e r 1979).

1 1 Individuen i r n 2 )

Fis. 60: G e o u r a w h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n a n d r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e o f E u o h a u s i a s u p e r b a b v R M T 8 s a m p l e s i n M a r c h / A p r i l

1976 ( m o d i f i e d from P o m m e r a n z 1978).

E. SUPERBA

( I n d i v i d u e n / m 2 )

Fiq. 61: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance o f E u p h a u s i a s u p e r b a by R M T 8 s a m p l e s in M a r c h / A p r i l

1978 (modified from Worner 1979).

( Individuen / m

Fiq. 62: Geoqraphical distribution and r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e o f e u p h a u s i i d s ( e x c l . E u p h a u s i a s u ~ e r b a ) b y R M T 8 sarnples in December 1975.

Fig. 63: G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of e u p h a u s i i d s ( e x c l . E u p h a u s i a s u p e r h a ) by RMT 8 samples in November/December 1977.

Fig. 64: Geographical distrihution and r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e o f e u p h a u s i i d s ( e x c l . E u p h a u s i a s u p e r b a ) by R M T 8 samples in January 1978.

42 40 38 36 34' 32' 3 0

I

AUSIACEEN wci E sup^rbo

I ( Indididuen irn 1

Fig. 65: Geographical distribution and relative abundance of euphausiids (excl. Euphausia superba) b y R M T 8 samples in March/April 1 9 7 6 .

EUPHAUSIACE~N excl E superbo

1

i Individuenlm )

t

Fig. 6 6 : Geoqraphical distribution and relative a b u n d a n c e of euphausiids (excl. Euphausia superba) by RMT 8 samples in March/April 1 9 7 8 .

.Y . -

40 38 36 3 4' 32' 30

F^----7

I

8

à AMPHIPODEN ' 1

I

(Individuen / m 2 )

0

- \

^I

53 .L 1 0 - C 10' e L53

e i

^{10'-C 1 e}

l

1 0 Ã ^L

I

1

Fig. 67: Geoqraphical distribution and relative abundance of amphipods by RMT 8 samples in December 1975.

Nov !Dez '77 ..--.. 100 fathorns - -1000fathoms . , . , . . , . , , , ,

32'

Fig. 68: Geographical distribution and relative abundance of a m p h i p o d s by RMT 8 samples in November/December

1977.

Fiq. 69: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of amphipods bv RMT 8 samples in January 1978.

~ A M P ~ ~ I P O D E N ⁽ Individuen i m 2 )

3 , L

-

⁰

i ' a - I Q ' - < I

10' - 10'

i I

Mar iApr ' X ......1 0 0 f a i h 0 m s - - - i O O O f a t h o m s

Fiq

.

70: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of amphipods by R M T 8 s a m p l e s in March/April 1976.

Mar /Apr '78 ......100 fathoms

Fiq. 71: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of amphipods b y RMT 8 samples in March/April 1978.

42' 4 0, . . , ' . , 38' _{. . .} 36' . . . , . , . 3,4' , . . , . . 32' , . . , . , . ,

1 ^[

^{Oez '751} @

I

^,

1

CHAETOGNATH

;

1

⁽ Individuen 1 rn 2 )

' , i

I --.... 100 fathoms

Fig. 72: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of c h a e t o g n a t h s bv RMT 8 samples i n December 1975.

Fiq. 73: Geoqraphical distribution and relative abundance of chaetounaths by R M T 8 samples i n November/December

1977.

42 40 38 36 3 4O 32' 30'

I ⁴

I

'-53

I

L I - -54-

1

Jan '78 1

J

1⁵⁶ 100 f a t h o m s

p

^! , - O O O f h o s ^I I

1 42 40" 38" 36" 34' 32Â 30

Fiq. 74: G e o q r a p h i c a l distribution and relative abundance of chaetoqnaths by RMT 8 samples in January 1978.

Fig. 75: G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of c h a e t o q n a t h s by RMT 8 s a m p l e s in March/April 1976.

@ 6 @

'

CHAETOGNATHE ( Individuen / m 2 )

1 I

Mor /Apr ' 78 -- ...- 100 la:ho'-ns - - - - t O O O f a t h o ' - n s . , . , . , . ,

36' W 32'

Fig. 76: G e o q r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of c h a e t o q n a t h s by R M T 8 s a m p l e s in March/April 1978.

SALPEN

(lnd$v8dwn 1 m 2 1

Fig. 77: G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of salps by R M T U samples in December 1975.

F i q . 78: G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of s a l p s by R M T 8 samples in November/December 1977.

Fig. 79: G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundance of salps by R M T 8 samples i n J a n u a r y 1978.

Fiq. 80: G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and r e l a t i v e abundance of s a l p s by RMT 8 s a m p l e s i n M a r c h I A p r i l 1976.

F i q * 81: G e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n and relative abundante of s a l p s by RMT 8 samples in March/April 1978.

Folgende Hefte der Reihe ,,Berichte zur Polarforschung"

sind bisher erschienen:

* Sonderheft Nr. 111981 - ,,Die Antarktis und ihr Lebensraumra Eine Einführun fü Besucher - Herausgegeben im Auftrag von SCAR Heft Nr. 111982 - ,,Die Filchner-Schelfeis-Expedition l98O/l 981 ''

zusammengestellt von Heinz Kohnen

Heft Nr. 211 982 - ,,Deutsche Antarktis-Expedition l98O/l98I mit FS ,Meteorc ''

First International BIOMASS Experiment (FIBEX) - Liste der Zooplankton- und Mikronektonnetzfäng zusammengestellt von Norbert Klages

Heft Nr. 311982 - ,,Digitale und analoge Krill-Echolot-Rohdatenerfassung an Bord des Forschungs- schiffes ,Meteorc '' (im Rahmen von FIBEX 1980/81, Fahrtabschnitt ANT lll), von Bodo Morgenstern Heft Nr. 411 982 - ,,Filchner-Schelfeis-Expedition 1980/81"

Liste der Planktonfäna und Lichtstärkemessunae

zusammengestellt vog Gerd Hubold und H. ~beFhard Drescher

* Heft Nr. 511982 - "Joint Biological Expedition On RRS 'John Biscoe', February 1982"

by G. Hempel and R. B. Heywood

* Heft Nr. 611 982 - ,,Antarktis-Expedition l g 8 l / l g 8 2 (Unternehmen ,Ei~warte')'~

zusammengestellt von Gode Gravenhorst

Heft Nr. 711982 - ,,Marin-Biologisches Begleitprogramm zur Standorterkundung 1979/80 mit MS ,Polar- sirkel' (Pre-Site Survey)" - Stationslisten der Mikronekton- und Zooplanktonfäng sowie der Bodenfischerei zusammengestellt von R. Schneppenheim

Heft Nr. 811983 - "The Post-Fibex Data lnter~retation Worksho~"

by D. L. Cram and J.-C. Freytag with the collab'oration of J. W. schmidt, M. Mall, R. Kresse, T. Schwinghammer Heft Nr. 911983 - "Distribution of some groups of zooplankton in the inner Weddell Sea in Summer 1979/80" 15,- by I. Hempel, G. Hubold, B. Kaczmaruk, R. Keller, R. Weiamann-Haass

~ e f t Nr. 1011983 - ,,Fluor im antarktischen 0kosYstem"-- DFG-Symposium November 1982 zusammengestellt von Dieter Adelung

Heft Nr. 1111983 - "Joint Biological Expedition On RRS 'John Biscoe', February 1982 (11)"

Data of micronecton and zooplankton hauls, by Uwe Piatkowski

Heft Nr. 1211983 - ,,Das biologische Programm der ANTARKTIS-[-Expedition 1983 mit FS ,Polarstern' '' Stationslisten der Plankton-, Benthos- und Grundschleppnetzfange und Liste der Probennahme an Robben und Vögeln von H. E. Drescher, G, Hubold, U. Piatkowski, J. Plöt und J. VoÃ

* Heft Nr. 1311983 - ,,Die Antarktis-Expedition von MS ,Polarbjörn 1982/83" (Sommercampagne zur Atka-Bucht und zu den Kraul-Bergen), zusammengestellt von Heinz Kohnen

* Sonderheft Nr. 211983 - ,,Die erste Antarktis-Expedition von FS ,Polarstern' (Kapstadt, 20. Januar 1983 -

Rio de Janeiro, 25. Mär 1983)", Bericht des Fahrtleiters Prof. Dr. Gotthilf Hempel

* Sonderheft Nr. 311983 - ,,Sicherheit und überlebe bei Polarexpeditionenr' zusammengestellt von Heinz Kohnen

Heft Nr. 1411983 - ,,Die erste Antarktis-Expedition (ANTARKTIS I) von FS ,Polarstern' 1982/83"

(In Vorbereitung)

Sonderheft Nr. 411983 - "On the Biology of Krill Euphausia superba" - Proceedings of the Seminar and Report of the Krill Ecology Group, Bremerhaven 12.-16. May 1983, edited by S. B. Schnack

Heft Nr. 1511983 - "German Antarctic Expedition 1980/81 with FRV 'Walther Herwig' and RV 'Meteor' ^" -

First International BIOMASS Experiment (FIBEX) - Data of micronekton and zooplankton hauls by Uwe Piatkowski and Norbert Klages

Sonderheft Nr. 511984 - "The observatories of the Georg-von-Neumayer Station", by Ernst Augstein Heft Nr. 1611984 - "FIBEX cruise zooplankton data"

by U. Piatkowski, I. Hempel and S. Rakusa-Suszczewski

Heft Nr. 1711984 - ,,Fahribericht (cruise report) der ,Polarstern'-Reise ARKTIS I, 1983"

von E. Augstein, G. Hempel und J. Thiede

Heft Nr. 1811984 - ,,Die Expedition ANTARKTIS I1 mit FS ,Polarsternf 1983/84", Bericht von den Fahrtabschnitten 1 , 2 und 3 , herausgegeben von D. Füttere Heft Nr. 1911984 - ,,Die Expedition ANTARKTIS 11, mit FS ,Polarsternr 1983/84",

Bericht vom Fahrtabschnitt 4, Punta Arenas-Kapstadt (ANT-ll/4), herausgegeben von H. Kohnen Heft Nr. 2011984 - ,,Die Expedition ARKTIS I1 des FS ,Polarstern' 1984, mit Beiträge des FS ,Valdivia' und des Forschungsflugzeuges ,Falcon 20' zum Marginal lce Zone Experiment 1984 (MIZEX)"

von E. Augstein, G. Hempel, J. Schwarz, J. Thiede und W. Weigel