Literature Search in Web of Science Peter Bossard, 13-8-04
Selected Papers about in situ Fluorometry and Primary Production:
Author(s): McKee D; Cunningham A; Jones K
Title: Three-parameter active in situ optical measurements: theory, instrumentation, and results from coastal waters
Source: JOURNAL OF OPTICS A-PURE AND APPLIED OPTICS 2002, Vol 4, Iss 4, pp S66-S70 Document Type: Editorial Material ISSN/ISBN: 1464-4258
Addresses: McKee D, Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland
Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys & Appl Phys, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland Dunstaffnage Marine Lab, Oban PA34 4AD, Argyll, Scotland
Author Keywords: fluorometry; nephelometry; transmissometry; multiparametric analysis;
coastal waters
KeywordsPlus: SEA
Abstract: A submersible optical instrument has been designed and constructed which simultaneously measures chlorophyll fluorescence, beam attenuation and wide-angle light scattering in sea water. A theoretical framework is presented which shows that this instrument configuration is capable of quantitatively measuring concentrations of gelbstoff, suspended particles and phytoplankton when all three components are present in a mixture, provided the relevant set of calibration coefficients are known. The inherent variability of natural materials means that the numerical values of these calibration coefficients usually have to be
determined at the site of instrument deployment. However, trials in optically complex waters indicate that the instrument can be usefully employed to interpolate between chemical measurements in order to increase the spatial and temporal coverage of survey data while minimizing the resources required for sample analysis.
Source item page count: 5 Publication Date: JUL IDS No.: 584RU 29-char source abbrev: J OPT A-PURE APPL OPT
Comment: This is an important paper for Lorenz Jaun
--- Author(s): CULLEN JJ; LEWIS MR
Title: BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS NEAR THE SEA- SURFACE - SOME ISSUES RELEVANT TO REMOTE-SENSING
Source: JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS 1995, Vol 100, Iss C7, pp 13255-13266 Document Type: Article ISSN/ISBN: 0148-0227
Addresses: CULLEN JJ, DALHOUSIE UNIV,DEPT OCEANOG,HALIFAX,NS B3H 4J1,CANADA
BIGELOW LAB OCEAN SCI,W BOOTHBAY HARBOR,ME
KeywordsPlus: PHOTOSYNTHETIC ENERGY-CONVERSION; CHLOROPHYLL-A;
NATURAL FLUORESCENCE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; GROWTH IRRADIANCE;
NORTH-ATLANTIC; PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATIONS; OLIGOTROPHIC OCEAN;
FLOW-CYTOMETRY; LIGHT SCATTER
Abstract: The advent of remote sensing, the development of new optical instrumentation, and the associated advances in hydrological optics have transformed oceanography: it is now feasible to describe ocean-scale biogeochemical dynamics from satellite observations, verified and complemented by measurements from optical sensors on profilers, moorings, and drifters.
Only near-surface observations are common to both remote sensing and in situ observation, so
it is critical to understand processes in the upper euphotic zone. Unfortunately, the biological principles that must be used to interpret optical variability near the sea surface are weaker than we would like, because relatively few experiments and analyses have examined bio- optical relationships under high irradiance characteristic of the upper optical depth. Special consideration of this stratum is justified, because there is good evidence that bio-optical relationships are altered near the surface: (1) the fluorescence yield from chlorophyll declines, leading to bias in the estimation of pigment from fluorometry; (2) the modeled relationship between solar-stimulated fluorescence and photosynthesis seems to deviate significantly from that presented for the lower euphotic zone; and (3) carbon-specific and cellular attenuation cross sections of phytoplankton change substantially during exposures to bright light.
Even the measurement of primary productivity is problematic near the sea surface, because vertical mixing is not simulated and artifactual inhibition of photosynthesis can result. These problems can be addressed by focusing more sampling effort, experimental simulation, and analytical consideration on the upper optical depth and by shortening timescales for the measurement of marine photosynthesis. Special efforts to study near-surface processes are justified, because new bio-optical algorithms will require quantitative descriptions of the responses of phytoplankton to bright light.
Source item page count: 12 Publication Date: JUL 15 IDS No.: RJ356 29-char source abbrev: J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS
--- Author(s): Cunningham A
Title: Variability of in-vivo chlorophyll fluorescence and its implications for instrument development in bio-optical oceanography
Source: SCIENTIA MARINA 1996, Vol 60, pp 309-315 Document Type: Article
ISSN/ISBN: 0214-8358 Addresses: Cunningham A, UNIV STRATHCLYDE,DEPT PHYS
& APPL PHYS,GLASGOW G4 0NG,LANARK,SCOTLAND
Author Keywords: chlorophyll fluorescence; fluorescence yield; fluorometry; phytoplankton KeywordsPlus: PHOTOSYNTHETIC ENERGY-CONVERSION; PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; QUANTUM EFFICIENCY;
GROWTH IRRADIANCE; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; LIMITATION; YIELD; LIGHT;
PHOTOINHIBITION
Abstract: The yield of in-vivo fluorescence per unit of cellular chlorophyll varies markedly according to phytoplankton species and physiological state, and is also highly sensitive to the configuration of the measuring equipment. This means that great caution has to be excercised in the use of fluorescence sensors for in-situ monitoring of chlorophyll concentrations. On the other hand, the sensitivity of fluorescence yield to biological parameters raises the possibility of combining fluorometry with other optical measurements to produce new probes for
monitoring the adaptive response of phytoplankton populations to their changing
environment. Source item page count: 7 Publication Date: MAY Supplement: 1 IDS No.:
UZ478 29-char source abbrev: SCIENTIA MARINA
---
Authors: Raateoja M; Seppala J; Kuosa H
Title: Bio-optical modelling of primary production in the SW Finnish coastal zone, Baltic Sea: fast repetition rate fluorometry in Case 2 waters
Source: MARINE ECOLOGY-PROGRESS SERIES 2004, Vol 267, pp 9-26 Document Type: Article ISSN/ISBN: 0171-8630
Addresses: Raateoja M, Finnish Inst Marine Res, POB 33, Helsinki 00931, Finland Finnish Inst Marine Res, Helsinki 00931, Finland
Univ Helsinki, Tvarminne Zool Stn, Hango 10900, Finland
Author Keywords: fast repetition rate fluorometry; FRRF; primary productivity modelling;
spectral scaling; bio-optics; primary production; phytoplankton; Baltic Sea
KeywordsPlus: FLUORESCENCE EXCITATION-SPECTRA; MAXIMUM QUANTUM YIELD; PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE;
CARBON FIXATION; PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ALGAL
PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; CHARGE SEPARATION; LIGHT- ABSORPTION
Abstract: A seasonal bio-optical monitoring programme was carried out in the SW Finnish coastal zone, Baltic Sea. Photosynthetic performance, spectral absorption characteristics, and fast repetition-rate (FRR) parameters of the phytoplankton community, as well as the natural light regime, were monitored 22 times from April to November. Primary productivity (PP) was determined with in situ fixation of C-14, as well as with bio-optical models based on either variable fluorescence parameters, or P-E dependence, or a combination of the two.
Compared to the C-14-based model, the bio-optical models overestimated near the surface and underestimated in deeper layers, since bio-optical estimates of PP tend to follow the vertical pattern of irradiance, while in situ PP does not. The areal PP of the C-14-based model was 85.9 g C m(-2) yr(-1), while the other models provided estimates 70 to 160% of this value. Seasonal variability in spectral light attenuation stressed the importance of spectral re- scaling of the photoadaptive variables alpha (maximum light-utilisation coefficient) and sigma(PSII)' (functional absorption cross-section of Photosystem II [PSII]). In order to describe the availability of light for photosynthesis, we calculated spectral scaling factors as the ratio of the light source of the FRR fluorometer or the P-E incubator to the in situ light field. The values were always above unity, with a maximum level of 2 for the P-E data, and as high as 3 for the FRR data, and varied seasonally and vertically. The apparent spectral
mismatch between the light generated by the FRR fluorometer and the natural light field of the Baltic Sea suggests that spectral correction procedures should routinely be included in the FRR measuring protocol in Case 2 waters. Degradation of the fluorescence signal by ambient red light interfered with the FRR measurements in near-surface layers. We term this
phenomenon the 'red light effect'.
Source item page count: 18 IDS No.: 808IF 29-char source abbrev: MAR ECOL-PROGR SER
--- Author(s): Beer S; Axelsson L
Title: Limitations in the use of PAM fluorometry for measuring photosynthetic rates of macroalgae at high irradiances
Source: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2004, Vol 39, Iss 1, pp 1-7 Document Type: Article ISSN/ISBN: 0967-0262
Addresses: Beer S, Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Plant Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Plant Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
Kristineberg Marine Res Stn, S-45034 Fiskebackskil, Sweden
Author Keywords: marine macroalgae; photosynthesis; pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry
KeywordsPlus: ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE;
QUANTUM YIELD; SENSITIVITY; SEAGRASSES
Abstract: Pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry can be used for measuring
photosynthetic electron transport rates (ETR) of marine angiosperms and macroalgae both in
the laboratory and in situ. Regarding macroalgae, quantitative values and linear correlations between ETR and rates of photosynthetic O-2 evolution have so far been shown only for a few species under low irradiances. As a logical continuation of such work, the aim of the present study was to (a) assess to what degree high irradiances would limit such
measurements and (b) evaluate whether PAM fluorometry could be used quantitatively also for other marine macroalgae from different phyla. This was done by comparing ETR with rates of gross O-2 evolution (net O-2 exhcange corrected for dark respiration) at various irradiances for the green alga Ulva lactuca grown at two irradiances, the brown algae Fucus serratus and Laminaria saccharina and the red algae Palmaria palmata and Porphyra
umbilicalis. At low irradiances, there was a clear positive correlation between O-2 evolution and fluorescence-based ETR. At high irradiances, however, all algae featured an apparent decrease in ETR while O-2 evolution remained relatively constant, and this resulted in markedly increasing O-2/ETR ratios. This anomaly could be nicely illustrated in plots of O- 2/ETR as a function of the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (Y). Such plots showed that the O-2/ETR ratio generally started to increase when Y reached a critical low value of c.
0.1. It was further found that the irradiance at which this value was reached varied with species and previous light histories. Thus, it is the Y value, rather than the irradiance per se during PAM fluorescence measurements, that determines the upper limit for correct ETR measurements. Based on these results, it is recommended that Y be monitored during
fluorescence measurements, and that ETR be used as a measure of photosynthetic rate only in cases where Y exceeds a critical low value, such as exemplified here.
Source item page count: 7 Publication Date: FEB IDS No.: 805IW 29-char source abbrev: EUR J PHYCOL
--- Author(s): Fuchs E; Zimmerman RC; Jaffe JS
Title: The effect of elevated levels of phaeophytin in natural water on variable fluorescence measured from phytoplankton
Source: JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH 2002, Vol 24, Iss 11, pp 1221-1229 Document Type: Article ISSN/ISBN: 0142-7873
Addresses: Fuchs E, Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, 8820 Shellback Way, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA
KeywordsPlus: CHLOROPHYLL-A; PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS; LIQUID- CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; IN-SITU;
PHEOPIGMENTS; FLUOROMETER; CELLS; SEA
Abstract: Variable fluorescence methods are becoming popular in studies related to aquatic photosynthesis. In natural ocean water, phytoplankton co-exist with their zooplankton and flagellate predators, viral parasites and the waste products of digested phytoplankton cells that contain phaeophytin (a chromo-phore produced by digestion of chlorophyll a). Fast repetition rate fluorometry, a technique mainly applied in phytoplankton studies, was used to evaluate and quantify the effect of phaeophytin abundance in sea water on variable fluorescence parameters: the photochemical quantum yield, Phi(F) (also known as F-v/F-m), and the functional cross-section of photosystem 2 (PS2), sigma(PS2). If the value of Phi(F)
determined is lower than what it actually is, phytoplankton may be labeled as less healthy (or productive) than their true condition. Results were compared with data collected using another widely used variable fluorescence technique: pulse amplitude modulation (PAM). Our study concludes that for significantly elevated levels of phaeophytin in the water, the measured values of Phi(F) should be corrected to avoid misinterpretation. This conclusion is
independent of the measuring instrument. In waters with phaeophytin levels that constitute less than similar to30% of the total measured pigment, no correction is required (<5% change in &UPhi;(F) is expected). However, as phaeophytin levels rise, the effect on &UPhi;(F) increases and becomes more significant (e.g. &UPhi;(F) appears 25% lower when the
phaeophytin to total pigment ratio is &SIM;70%). High concentrations of phaeophytin are not often reported in the open ocean. However, in highly productive coastal waters, high levels of phaeophytin can be encountered. The functional cross-section (σ(PS2)) measurements are not affected by the presence of phaeophytin in the water.
Source item page count: 9 Publication Date: NOV IDS No.: 611VM 29-char source abbrev: J PLANKTON RES
---
