Objekttyp: TableOfContent Zeitschrift: Acta Tropica Band (Jahr): 19 (1962) Heft (7): Pests of crops in warm climates and their control PDF erstellt am: 28.01.2022

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(1)Objekttyp:. TableOfContent. Zeitschrift:. Acta Tropica. Band (Jahr): 19 (1962) Heft (7):. Pests of crops in warm climates and their control. PDF erstellt am:. 28.01.2022. Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind.. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch.

(2) Contents vii xi xii. Foreword Preface. Acknowledgments. I. INTRODUCTION 1.. Structure, general characteristics and development of insects. External morphology of insects. 1. Anatomy and physiological functions of inner organs. 5. Forms of development 1. Ametabolous development. 6. 2. 3.. Hemimetabolous development or incomplete metamorphosis Holometabolous development or complete metamorphosis a) acephalous-apode larvae b) eucephalous-apode larvae c) eucephalous-oligopode larvae d) eucephalous-polypode larvae a). exarate pupae. b) obtected pupae c) coarctate pupae. 2.. 1. pupa libera pupa obtecta pupa coarctata. Synopsis of the classification of the most important plant pests. INSECTA. 7. 7. 8 8. 8 8. 9 9. 9. 10 10. ORDER ORTHOPTERA. Family Family Family Family Family Family. 7. Blattidae Gryllidae Gryllotalpidae Forficulidae Tettigoniidae Acridiidae. 10. 10 11 11. 11. 12 12. ORDER ISOPTERA. 12. ORDER THYSANOPTERA. 12.

(3) xvin. order heteroptera Family Family Family Family Family Family. 13. Pentatomidae Coreidae Lygaeidae. 14 14. Pyrrhocoridae Tingidae Miridae. 14 15 15. ORDER HOMOPTERA. 14. 15. Suborder Cicadina. 15. Fulgoridae. 15 15 15 15 15. Family Family Family Family Family. Cicadidae Cercopidae Jassidae Membracidae. Suborder Psyllina. Family Psyllidae Suborder Aleyrodina. 16 16 16. Family Aleyrodidae. 16. Suborder Aphidina Family Aphididae. 16 16. Suborder Coccina. Family Family Family Family. Margarodidae Pseudococcidae Lecaniidae Diaspididae. ORDER COLEOPTERA. Family Family Family Family Family Family Family Family Family Family. Carabidae Elateridae Buprestidae Bostrychidae Coccinellidae Chrysomelidae C.erambycidae Curculionidae. Ipidae Scarabaeidae. ORDER HYMENOPTERA. Family Family Family Family Family Family Family. Tenthredinidae Siricidae Cynipidae Ichneumonidae. 17 17 17 17 18. 18 19 19 19. 20 20 21 21 21. 22 22. 22. Vespidae Apidae. 23 23 24 24 24 25. Formicidae. io.

(4) XIX ORDER LEPIDOPTERA A.. Microlepidoptera Family Tineidae Family Pyralididae Family Tortricidae Family Lyonetiidae Family Hyponomeutidae Family Coleophoridae B. Macrolepidoptera. Family Family Family Family Family Family Family Family. Geometridae Noctuidae Lasiocampidae. Lymantrüdae Arctiidae Limacodidae Sphingidae. Papilionidae. ORDER DIPTERA. Suborder Orthorrhapha Family Cecidomyidae. Family Tipulidae Suborder Cyclorrhapha. Family Chloropidae Family Trypetidae Family Agromyzidae. ARACHNIDA. 25 26 26 26 27 27. 28 28. 28 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 31. 32. 32 32 32. 33 33 33 33. 34. ORDER ACARINA. Suborder Trombidiformes. Family Tetranychidae Family Eriophyidae. 34 34 34 35. MYRIAPODA. 35. NEMATHELMINTHES. 36. ORDER NEMATODA. Family Anguillulidae Leaf nematodes Stem nematodes Root knot nematodes Root cyst nematodes Ectoparasitic root nematodes. 36 36 37 37 37 38 38.

(5) XX. II. IDENTIFICATION l.How. OF PLANT PESTS. pests cause damage. identified in the field Isolating attacked plant material Odour attractants Optical attractants. 2. Plow pests are a) b) c) d). Traps Other equipment for capturing insects f) Insecticidal sprays. e). 3. Evidence of. plant parasitic nematodes. 42 43 44 46 46 47. 47 47 48 48 49. Killing, preserving and packing insects a) Equipment for killing insects. 49. b) Preserving. Method for insects with a strongly chitinized body wall 2. Method for soft, fragile insects, mites and nematodes 3. Methods for green plants 1.. c) 5.. 42. Leaf and stem nematodes b) Root knot nematodes c) Cyst-forming nematodes d) Free living root nematodes a). 4.. 41. Packing and dispatching. How to make simple microscope slide mounts a) Mounting media b) Mounting for quick identification c) Mounting for permanent preservation. 49 51 51 52 53. 53 54 55 55 56. III. PESTS OF CROPS IN WARM CLIMATES BEVERAGES. 61. Coffee Cocoa. Kola-nut. 63 87 105 123. FOOD CROPS. 129. Tea. Maize Sorghum Rice Sugar cane Beans Cassava (Manioc) Sweet Potato. 131. 145 151. 167 187 199 205.

(6) XXI. FRUITS. 217. 219 225 229. Pineapple Date-palm Banana Papaw Mango Citrus. 237 241 257. OIL PLANTS. 295. Olive Coco-nut and Oil-palm. 297 305 325 333 341. Sesame. Castor. Ground-nuts. 353. TOBACCO, PYRETHRUM, SPICES AND DRUGS. Tobacco. Pyrethrum Pepper Chillies Quinine. •. 355 375 377 383 387. RUBBER AND FIBRES. 393. Rubber Cotton Sisal Roselle Hibiscus Ramie Jute Kapok. 395 403 428 431 435 437 441. LOCUSTS. Locusts and their role as plant pests Locust life history Control A. B.. Baiting Dusting. C.. Ground spraying Aircraft spraying. 1).. TERMITES Termites and their role as plant pests Termite castes Differences between termites and ants Termite nests Economic importance of termites Causes of termite attacks on plants Control A. Preventive measures B. Curative measures. 447 447 449 452 453 453 453 454 457. 457 457 459 460 461 462 462 462 463.

(7) XXll ANTS. 465. Ants and their role as plant pests Nests and castes Ants of economic importance Control of leaf-cutting ants Ants causing direct damage to roots, trunks, shoots, and flowers. Control Ants indirectly injurious Control Driver ants. IV. METHODS AND. 465 466 467 469 470 471 472 473 473. EQUIPMENT FOR PEST CONTROL. Direct method. 475. 1.. Mechanical control. 475. 2.. Chemical control. 475. a). Feeding or stomach poisons. b) Systemics. 476. Direct or contact poisons d) Contact poisons with local penetration properties. 476. c). e). 3.. Fumigants Synergists Attractants Repellents. Product formulation. 476 477 477 477 477. 478. a) Dusts. 478. b) Granulate. 478. c). Wettable powders. d) Pastes e). Emulsifiable solutions. f) Aerosols g). Fog solutions. h) Fumigants i) Glues 4.. 476. Method of Application. Application of dusts with dusting machines b) Application of liquid insecticides with spraying equipment High volume method Low volume method c) Application of insecticides by aircraft a). 479 479. 479 480 480 480 481 481 481. 482 482 484 486.

(8) XXlll 5.. Action of pesticides on the plant. 487. 6.. Organization of phytosanitary campaigns. 488. 7.. Biological control. 490. 8.. Timing of phytosanitary campaigns 1. Preventive control 2. Curative control. 490 491 491. Examination of insecticides and field trials. 492. 9.. of insedicidial residues on plants and stored products Method of assessing insecticide residues. 10. Assessment. 11.. Development and causes of resistance to insecticides. 12. Glossary 13.. 495 496 499 501. Conversion tables for weights, measures and temperatures. 505. References. 512. Index. 537. V.. CONTROL-MEASURES (Appendix). 1.. Table of active ingredients. 2.. Precautions. 3.. First-aid measures. 4.. Mixing tables. 5.. Recommendations for control measures against the described pests.

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