• Keine Ergebnisse gefunden

SMART, a Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool - Development andApplications

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Aktie "SMART, a Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool - Development andApplications"

Copied!
127
0
0

Wird geladen.... (Jetzt Volltext ansehen)

Volltext

(1)

!"!$#%& '( #%*)$+&,.-/%102"#%&

#/%&354 '764 8&#%9:;6=<2+>&8&%/&,.- ?@67%

A#%BC+ED%8&+F6HG*6JI24"&K67

L

*6-/%) *6+&,.-NM.9:;6=<2+>&8&%/&,.- ?@67>+,.-% O%*'67+>4"

P

,.-RQS%*%+,.-1TU+>4 4 ! +%

DV4 8! %%!*6DV4"

WYX

Z\[V]_^U`bac5dfeHg

h

! #%)iG/#+>,.-%*jkG/?l! mn o"p>q r"p>n q"qbs

t

%?l%*%767mj84 ?lp35p/uvpxw:4 ?l%*

t

(2)

<:4 #{+'"%|64J6-/ '1jSpT4 8'R}x<2-4J6 !"-6~)$% %DV%=€R6-+! 'R4<‚"QS4 N6

&%ƒR%*,%~" F€x&8+>&8}„jxp…j†4 767+>!"}<2+F6-4 N6|<2-4 )‡O L‰ˆCt h

<|4">#14*6~Q%<2-/*6

+E6Š+>&8} #‹wuvpUwC4 ?l%8}…<2-4Œ= ! +Ž",,%*k6%*#‘ ‹ #/#+E67+>4" y<|4 8'R>4 "#‘ &J)€

&%=Dx+&4"C*667-%YB:+FDV%*&8+E6’€ p

z

&4“67- 'A …) %*)Q%&:4 ?S6-/%T4 8'A! 4 /}…%*&%,*+> F€67-%O L1ˆ:t h

+%&8}S<2-4

(3)

eH[VZ›5c5`ye—œfZ

ž Ÿ¡ (¢b£ ¤b¥R¦”¥H§$¨7¢ª©¬«…¦”­š¨7®=¢b¦ ¯

° ±2 (¢²”³=¥R£–§$®K¦µ´” (¢b¨7¥R®K¦µ¶/¦…¦”¢b¨7¶¨7®=¢b¦ ·

n p¸s

z

76%*8%f67*6+4 ¹4 ?…!"%4 ) +,“&8%ƒR%*,% p“pYp2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“pYp2p º

n pn

P

,6+4 x+>?l%*%*,%“?l4 )»-4 ) 4 4 !*€¼p“pYp2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“pYp2p o

¯ ½A¢b£–¶®=¦”§ ¾

r p¸s

h

-%Y¿#4 ) +Ày,4",%*k6 p2p“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“pYp2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“pYp2p Á

r pn ÂS ) %“4 ?V6-/%2O/,fM>+'"%2'R+>/ &%*& p“p2p“pYp2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“pYp2pÃs;q

r pr 354 ) +A#*67 Q &8%&Äp2p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“pYp2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“pYp2pÃs;n

r pÅ

P

k67%54 ?”#4 ) +¹ F€S&+&p“p2p2p“p2p“pYp2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“pYp2pÃs;r

Æ ÇÈ®=£ ¢b©C¨7ɔ¥1¨É…¥R§7®=§ ž ·

˜/˜ Ê Ë

eHa5Z›5Ì

\Í

· ½A¶¨7¶/²…¶§¥H§Î¶¦”Ïб2 (¢b¤ (¶£ª§ ž ¾

º p¸s O%*ƒR%,*%35*67 Q &8%&p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“pYp2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“pYp2pÃs;Á

º pn 35*67 Q &8%5&%* ,.-+!Î >!"4 +F6-) & p2p“p2p“pYp2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“pYp2pÑn"q

º pr

ˆ

>+! ) %76,4 /&K68,f67+>4" /#-"#+>!ÒpYp2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“pYp2pÑn"q

º pÅ

z

768+>/&+,“?l%**68%&4 ?”4;6%+&Óp2p2p“p2p“pYp2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“pYp2pÑnVs

º pº 354 ) +A #

L

4*67+>?”#*67 Q &8%&:p2p2p“p2p“pYp2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“pYp2pÑnVs

º pÔ j4"! ) ) +!Õp2p2p2p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“pYp2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“pYp2pÑnVs

º po

L

+&,*%>"%4 /&Öp2p2p2p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“pYp2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“pYp2pÑn"n

× Ø”¥RÙ«…¥R¦”­š¥Ú¶¦”¶³=Û§7®=§ °b¯

(4)

˜˜˜ âµË

Ì/c5dfeHÌäã

™

›æåçœfÌ/`yc5̗Ì/œfZ

™ èÄé

ê ؔëìÇÈí5î ° ê

o"p¬s

ˆ

+>! /)$%*76J,*4 &K67,6+4 ip“p2p2p“p2pYp“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡n o

o p¬s;p¬s

ˆ

+! ) %76“,4 /&K68,f67+>4"184*64H,4 yp2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡n ï

o p¬s;p>n „4 &=68,f67+>4 ¹4 ?b6-%Y„Ojä">+! ) %76ðp“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡n ï

o p¬s;p>r O%,*+> y#/4 ) +>/&Jp“p2p2p“p2pYp“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡n Á

o p¬s;p>Å B:#*67%&4 ?” +>! /)$%*76&_p2pYp“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡r q

o"p>n O% 8,.-1) %f67-4H#&ñp2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“p2pYp“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡r q

o p>n"p¬s j4 •/>%Y&%* ,.-/%&òp“p2p2p“p2pYp“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡r q

o p>n"p>n w L1L

&8% 8,.-%& p“p2p2p“p2pYp“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡r r

o p>n"p>r ¿&,.-+&8%À…#;6 Q"&%Èp2p“p2pYp“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡r º

o"p>r B:#%*F€S+>!Î%*>*67+>4" y#*67 Q &8%p2pYp“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡r º

o"p>Å O L‰ˆ:t

h

>+F6%**67%Y#;6 Q"&% p“p2pYp“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡r o

o"p>º O L‰ˆ:t h

uä%*Q&8%=DV%Up“p2p“p2p2p“p2pYp“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡r ï

o p>º"p¬s O%*ƒH/%,*% "E€S&+&1p2p2p“p2pYp“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡Å q

o p>º"p>n

ˆ

/4*6;6+4 p“p2p“p2p2p“p2pYp“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡Åbs

o p>º"p>r &%*>%*,f67+ED% #¹ %=62O

L‰ˆ:t h

p“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡Å Ô

o"p>Ô „8%76J&=6*67& #A?lk6/%Y#+%,6+4 &p2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡Å ï

ó ½A¢b£–¶/®K¦ô¶¦”¶³=Û§7®=§Î«…§7®=¦”¤‹Ø”ëvÇÈí5î ·†ž

ï"p¬s Oj tSõ

#4 ) +&C+

t

€ 4H#+%

t

%,*%k674 &5p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡ºbs

ï"p>n 9:4$O%,*o*M.-4")$4">4 !;€i#4 ) ++A0“

P

&ip2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡º Ô

ï"p>r

h

4<: #& k674 ) *6%*##/4 ) +>¹+#%76+•,**6+4 Èp2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡º ï

¾ ö:÷¢b³=«”¨7®=¢¦ø¢©Ø”®K¤b¦”¶³=®=¦…¤‘±2 (¢¨¥H®=¦”§ ·¾

Á"p¬s yD4 k6+4 14"?…&8+>! / >+!$#4 ) +&p2pYp“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡Ô q

Á p¬s;p¬s

h

-%Y„ &8%“4 ?V6-/%2O/w:r 354 ) + p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡Ô r

Á p¬s;p>n j-7€x%f67+>,2#+&K67+Qk6+4 &4 ?”%€S)$%“?l ) +>+%&ùp2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡Ô Å

Á p¬s;p>r 9:4"kM.%*f€S) *6+,2&+! +>/!Î#4")$"+>&&8S%*,+•,674 %'( =€V4*67%& Ô Ô

Á p¬s;p>Å 9:4"kM.%*f€S) *6+,ú&8+>!" +>!#4 ) +&2%*&%76A+{ >67-%*%

#+FDS+>&8+>4 /&{p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“p2pYp“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡Ô ï

Á p¬s;p>º 9:4"$%*f€S) *67+>,&+! +!“#/4 ) +>/&Ä&8S%*,+•,û64Y%'( =€V4*67

#AQ",f6%*+ }yQk6“4;6",.- %ip2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡Ô ï

Á p¬s;p>Ô 9:4"kM.%*f€S) *6+,&+! ">+!Y#4 ) +&û&%,*+>•/,û6745%'( =€V4*67

#A 8,.- %*}”Q/k624*6“Q ,6%*+ñp2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡Ô Á

Á p¬s;p>o DV4 k67+>4 / K€Î+67%8%6*67+>4 “4 ?N67-%Đ-7€x%f67+>,U#+>&=68+>QN6+4

4 ?”%'( =€V4*67+>,M¸6’€S%“&8+>! / >+!$#4 ) +& p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡Ô Á

Á"p>n yD4 k6+4 14"?…)“E67+>,*%>/> 8+E6’€üp“p2pYp“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡obs

Á p>n"p¬s

z

768 ,%*> O+>!" +>! p2pYp“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p‡obs

(5)

Á pn pr 9:,*>%* &+! +!ýp2p“p2p2p“p2p“pYp2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“pYp2pÑo"º

Á pr

h

-%ú#4 ) +‹+>&6-%Î?l#")$%*76 \+F6È+16-%Î%fDV4">k67+>4"‘4 ?&+!*M

">+! 4;6%+& p2p2p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“pYp2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“pYp2pÑo"Ô

ž þÿž þbþbþ‹¦…¢—÷b¥H³UÉ«…£ª¶¦ô§7®=¤b¦…¶³=®=¦”¤‘´… (¢b¨7¥R®=¦…§

êbê

s*q"p¬s

h

-%

ˆ

>! 4"+F6-) p2p2p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“pYp2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“pYp2pÑo"ï

s*q"p>nµO%* ,.-/+>!$+-R) ÄO

h

&p“p2p2p“p2p“pYp2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“pYp2pÑï"q

s*q"p>r $,*>4 /+>!$4 ?”4DV%*”!"%%*&p2p“p2p“pYp2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“pYp2pÑï"n

s*q"p>ŵ„4 ) "+&4 ~<2+E67-BC+0“%*%µp“p2p2p“p2p“pYp2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“pYp2pÑï"Å

s*q"p>ºYk67>4H4 ' p“p2p“p2p2p2p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“p2p“pYp2p“p2p2p“p2p“p2p2p“pYp2pÑï"Å

˜ JË¡™

›5œ

|

Ç Ø”«…£ª£–¶ (Û ž þb¯

«…§7¶/£–£–¥R¦”©¬¶§7§«…¦”¤ ž þb·

Çȧ7§¢­š®=¶¨7¥Rϵ´…«”²”³K®=­š¶¨®K¢b¦”§ ž þ ê

(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)

-/%Q%8+>764 ?V%DV%*K€È+FDx+!54 8! +&)v+&†%/,4H#%# +J+E67&! %*4 ) %p -R&8}V'R4<M

+!56-%2! %*4 ) %}¡4 %Y&8-4 #1Q%“"Q>%674Î/#%8&K6"#$67-%“,*4 8%&8S4 /#+>/!ú4 8! kM

+&) p

h

-+&Ä+>$) +>#/}S) 7€¹! %*4 ) %C&8%ƒR%*,+!J84f%,6&y<|%*%C&K6"K6%*#} 6 8! %f67+>/!

4"~#+%8%764 8! +&) &pUOk6 =6+!\<2+F6-:67-%•&=6Q ,6%*+ } !#"$ %'& ()*+-,.(/!#10

2 !}š<:%|'R4<ù;6U6-/%|) 4 ) %76Y) 4 %6-"Šn rJQ",f6%*+ #ŠºJ",.- %* x!"%4 ) %*&

Œ=&%*%43657568:9;6;=<6<6<:>@?/ACB6D:>@E7D6BF;C56G7HF;CI6G6HJ;CI6G)HFK6LCI)8FM6NC5JN.>@365)IFM?l4 ”:#%6 +>%*#J+>&=6Žp

O/4Î?l 8}r %'( =€V4*67%&C-DV%2QS%*%¹?l>F€i&8%ƒR%/,%#/}† ) %*E€POQ#&'SRTS"VUW!#V!#RT!#0

X + !}JYZ!#QSR[&'\]S ^_+`!=a!cb7S1C"#VdeRTSf %'& ag"$!=aSQ#b7Sf^h!#R p h

-%&%*ƒR%,*%4 ?

67-%-R) Ú!"%4 ) %“+>&C%fÂSS%*,f67%#ú<2+F6-+ú6-+&Ā% Vi>s*º"ï-j}…4*67-%8&: &lkZRT\# ] %'+

^a&' SQÎ /#mOQ#&2 SfSRTS"VUW!#4%/S"$\!<2+”Q%5•+&-/%#‰+J6-%Y%* ?lk68%p

h

-% +#1+,*%"&%J4 ?†&%ƒR%*,%~+?l4 8) *6+4 1+&:+‰Î&K6%*%‰,*4 768 &K6C64úQ/+>4*M

,.-/%) +>,* ¡4 ! %/%f6+,"y F€S&+&p

z

nYZo.!=a!cb7S1.}?l4"%fÂS ) %}¡4 F€i Q4 k6“oqp»4 ?

+F6&5/% 8E€‹n q pq q qȐ84*6%*+>&5-/.D% QS%*%{,.- ",f6%*+&%*#ª%Âx%8+>) %*67 E€ p

ˆ

i%fD%

8! %“#+%8%,*%È, ‘Q%ú%ÂSS%*,f6%*#ñ?l4"“4 8! +&) &8}û<2-/+>,.-‘#4Ú/4*6È&8%KD%È &J%ÂHM

%8+>) %*67 ”)$4H#%*>&8p

h

-R&}V6-4"! -~<|%“#4Î'R4<Ö /6-/%“! %*%f67+>,2) *6%*+ ¡4 ?†"

4"! /+>&8)$}”<|%Î, ‹"&&+! ‹?l/,f67+>4 / \#/%&,*+k6+4 &4 F€{674‰1&8) >Ä?l",f6+4 ª4 ?

!"%%*&psr¡ 8! %A&,* >%¹84f%,6&$-DV%1Q%%*ñ&=6 =6%*#{64{ "E€S&%¹84*6%*+>ÿ?l,6+4

/&+!i%fÂS%*&&8+>4 ÿ &8&€S&$"#‘4;6%4")$+,&8}Qk6~6-/%&%67%,.-/+>ƒR%*&Î,*4.D% 4 F€ø

&8Q&8%f6 4 ?6-%“?l,f67+>4"&|%?l4") %#‰Q7€–ú84*6%*+>/p

h

-%*%*?l4 %*}?l,6+4 ”+>/?l4 KM

) *67+>4"{-/ &64AQS%|67 &8?l%8%#{?l4")ý%fÂS%8+>) %767 >F€ñ,.- 8 ,f67%+&%*#‹84*6%*+>&674

/4.D%¡4 %*&p

h

-%ú?l,f67+>4"‹4 ?4*67%+‹+&&8 E€ø#%&8,8+>Q%#‘4 ª) 7€ä#+t%%*76A>%DV%*>&8p

P

4 %fÂS ) %:6-/%% %“&%,+•,¹Œ=,*67 E€R67+>,*Ž:%*&+#%*&<2-/+>,.-Ú 8%8%&4 &8+>Q/>%~?l4

67-%$ ,f67+EDS+F6’€ø4"?U¹4*67%+p

h

-/%&%Î%*&+#%& % Q8+>%*#–+–~6-8%%$#+)$%*&+4 "

&=68,f67%*}H<2-+,.-È) +>! -76:QS%%*&4 &8+>Q%|?l4 ÄQ8+>!"+>!6-%*&%C%&8+>#/%&+267-%:8+>!"-6

&8*67+> š,*4 76%ÂH67p

z

2C,*%>}H4*67%+“#/4—%*&”/4*6Ä ,f6\4 2+F6&¡4<2}—+F6\&/ >F€$+67%8 ,f67&

<2+F6-ú)$"€1#+tS%*%*654*6-%*\/4*67%+&pDV%*6-%C>4H, +&*67+>4 ڌK%p! p,f€R64">"&) +>,`u

R,*>%* vu)$%*)Q8 %M.Q4 #Ž¡+&¡+>) 4 K67 76Ä?l4 —6-/%Ä?l/,f67+>4 Y4 ?6-/%û4*67%+pUwC+>!"-

(10)

>%DV%¡?l/,f6+4 ¹#%&8,8+>k67+>4") +! -76+,*>#/%“! %*%f67+>,Y+76%8 ,f67+>4"&C4"-7€x&8+>4">4 !"+>,*

 ")$%6%*&È4 ?2‘,%*>p

h

-%*&%i>%DV%*>&¹-DV%Š64Q%Ú,% 8E€Ó#+&K6+! /+>&8-%#<2-%

6"&?l%*+!$?l,6+4 y#%*&,*+k6+4 &?l4 ) 4 %584*6%*+>~64$ 4*67-%4"%p

h

-/%‰#%*F€S+>!+#%‘?l4"268 &8?l%8+>/!‘?l,f67+>4" :+?l4 8) *6+4 ª674‹‹4DV%*

4*67%+A+>&-4")$4">4 !;€š}+p>%*p+E6Y+& &8&) %# 6-;6YQS4;6-A4;6%+& 8%5#%8+ED%#¹?l4 )»

,4 ) ) 4 J /,%&=64 8pUO%*ƒR%,*%#*67 Q &8%\&8% 8,.-+>/!5&+!|&=6 #/ #J">! 4"+F6-) &” &

#%&8,+Q%#Š+Y67-%) %f6-/4—#&Ä&%*,f67+>4 ú, $QS%&8%#Î?l4 6-%%*>+ Q%+>#%*76+•,*67+>4"Š4 ?

-4 ) 4 4 ! %*&C+&8%ƒR%*,%J#/*6 Q/ &%*&p

h

-/%D— %24 ?†+?l%8+!$-4 ) 4 4 !*€{+&}6-;6

+E6‰% Q/>%*&6-%‰4 &8&+Q+>+F6’€ 4 ?5 ,*,8*6%*E€ñ68 &?l%*8+>!‘?l/,f67+>4 / :+?l4 8)$;6+4

?l4 )ð6-/%J#*67 Q &8%&%*ƒR%,*%|64“67-%JƒR%=€‘&8%ƒR%/,%p TN6}†%* ,.-i&K67 ! %4"?û&,.-

F€S&%&+>&¹?l"! -76<2+F6-¼,4 ) +,*67+>4 /&p

P

4 A%fÂS ) %}|6-%{&%*ƒR%,*%‘+E67&%*>?

)$€Q% +>/,4 8%,6}Ä+>/%fDS+E67 QF€ÿ>%* #+!$674A+>,*4 8%,6Š /4*6;6+4 p

P

K67-%8) 4 %*}

¹,*4 8%,6Š&8%ƒR%/,%Š) €Q%$+,*4 8%,f67E€ñ /4*6;6%#/p

z

ª,.- k67%2n }

z

#+&,*&&“

D/"+%f6’€i4 ?”84 Q%) &67-*62 8%Y%*67%#~64 ?l,6+4 y /4*6;6+4 p

ˆ

4;6%+J+&&8 E€ú,4 ) 4 &%*#~4 ?)“E67+>/>%*}V#+>&8,8%f6%&=68,f67 H+F6&8}V, %#

#4 ) +&ŒK&8%%,.- k67%r Ž8p

ˆ

&û%* ,.-$4 ? 6-%*&%#4 ) +&û ##/&Ä5&8S%*,+•,?l,f67+>4" FM

+E6’€~67467-%4*67%+}>+'"%C,*67 E€S&8+>&Ä4 >+! /#úQ+#+! }#%*&=6 #/+>!6-%#4 ) +

&K68,f67%Y4 ?¡ 84*6%*+>A+&$,*,*+>"&K67%¹?l4 …6-/%5%*#+>,6+4 ¹4 ?…/4*67%+¹?l/,f67+>4 /p

z

! 4 8+>!6-%C#4 ) +Š&K67,68%:4 ?xJ4;6%+ú,* Š,* &%:+>,*4 8%,65?l,6+4 &=M

&+! ) %761ŒK&8%%J&8%,6+4 in p>n"ŽpwC4<|%DV%8}+>#%*76+?@€x+!È#4")$"+>&5,* ‰Q%}%*&%,*+> F€

+>Y6-%C, &8%:4 ?—67-%:/& F€‰ƒR+F6%C#+ED%8! %76Y8%! *674 K€#4 ) +&8}S6%#/+>4 /&…6 &8'Rp

h

-%8%?l4 8%}

z

ÀED%“#/%fDV%*>4"S%*#1$#4 ) +#;6 Q"&%<2-+,.-1 >4<2&û6-%Y+#%767+>•,**6+4

#A F€S&+&C4"?…) 4 8%67- ¹º q q #+tS%*%*684*6%*+>¹#4 ) +&“ŒK&8%%Y,.- k67%o Žp

354")$"+>& %{4*6‹4 F€ ?l,f67+>4" }$Q/k6‘ &4ø%fDV4">k67+>4" K€ /+E67&p

h

-R&8}

F€S&+!6-/%1-7€S>4"! %%6+,Ú#+&K68+>Q/k6+4 ä &Y<|%*>C &56-%,4*M4—,*,8%,*%‰4 ?|#4;M

)$"+>&, ‹!"+ED%Š+>/&+! -76&~+674Î6-/%Š%fD4 >N6+4 ‘4 ?84*6%*+>& #‹%DV%4 8! +&) &8p

h

-%J4 8+>! +‰4 ?)“E67+>,*%>/> 8+E6’€‘?l4 :%Âx")$/>%~,* ‰Q%J,4 8%*>*67%#ú<2+F6-ú67-%J#%DV%FM

(11)

ˆm‰=Š ‹

z

/,4 8%,6|+76%*8%f6;6+4 Š4 ?š6-%! %*4 ) +>,ŒK+p%p†6-/%359

ˆ

Ž&%*ƒR%,*%|+&\4 /%C4 ?š6-/%

) +&84 8,%&…4 ?/%*84 …+24*67%+ /4*6;6+4 ŠŒ=&%*%

P

+! pšn p¸s*ŽpÄDV%*J+>“4"'N"K€V4;6+,

!"%4 ) %*&ڌ<2+F6-ñ-+! -% ! %*%¹#%&8+E6’€ç #ÿ&+) %ú!"%%¹&K67,68%$6-/ i67-4 &8%

?l4"#–+–%*'( K€4*6%*&Ž“+E6ú+>&2%*>;6+FDV%F€ø,4 ) ) 4 –?l4"2#/%f6"+>%#‹" F€x&8+>&64%fD%

tP

&CŒ–Y%

t

%* #+!

P

8 ) %&8Žy67-*6C%*) +>$"4*67*6%*#2<2+F6-56-%%*&F6Ä6-*6

67-%f€ø 8%Î%Âx,*>/#%#?l4")æ4*67%+‹#*67 Q &8%&8p

L

4 8%4DV%*}+F6È,* ‹Q%Î#+t— ,F6J674

•/#i67-%A%fÂS ,61&=6 =6¹ #ÿ&K674 ñ,*4—#/4 & 4 ?{/ K67+>,*>"~! %%*}Ä67-H/&$%"#+>/!A674

"K6+•,*+> û68,**6+4 ä4 Î%4 ! ;6+4 ä+ª6-%,4 8%*&4 #+!‘&%*ƒR%,*%Ú#*67 Q &8%

%*76K€ p

P

8 ) %&8-+>?@67&C8%8%&8%76J"4*6-/%S4;6%767+> x&4 8,%24 ?” K67+>•,*+>"—68,;6+4

4"?b67-%Y4*67%+ 67 /&*6+4 &4 ?”359

ˆ

&%*ƒR%,*%&8p

02+ED%67-%:+>) +F6%*#È ,,* ,€‰4"?y! %%C%*#+,f6+4 È ! 4 8+E67-) &}S+E6|+>&\>+'"%*E€Î6-*6

67-%8%”<2+>RQ%UR) %84 &…%fÂS ) %&4 ?/)$+&&8%#J!"%%*&†+C6-%Ä+674 “+,.-J! %*4 ) %&…4 ?

) 4 &=62%'( =€V4*67%&˜iFn Áqjp

ˆ

A%fD%A) 4 %5?l8%ƒR%*6“84 Q%)ì6- È) +&&8+>!™

tP

&+&

4"?!"%%*&y67-*6-D%/4*6QS%*%$4"S%*F€68 &8>*67%#p

h

-+>&) €A) % |67-*6+674 /&

-/.D%ŠQ%%¹6"&*6%*#}4 2%fÂS4 /&-DV%úQS%*%‹) +&&%*#} F6-4"! -–+F6È+&+) S4"K6"6

6744*6%Š67-*6ª) 7€v! %%*&A-DV%{&%fD%8 “"E67%/*6+FDV%{&+,%ÈD/"+ 76&}&4Ú6-*6

"E67-4 ! - 7€¹4 /% K67+>,* 6"&*6+4 $) .€ÈQS%,4"%*,f67}š67-%,4 ) %f67%C/+>,68%

4"?ûú! %*%J&K67,68%J) €‹Q%+,4")$/>%6%p

z

14*6-%*|,"&%&8}&+! %J! %*%&:)$€–QS%

?l">&8%F€Ð%/%&8%76%*#ä &|6’<:4–84*6%*+>ÿ4H#,6&8}:4 +#%%/#%76Ú!"%%*&Î) €ÐQS%

"K6+•,*+> F€i?l&%*#1+ 67-%Y4H,%*&&4 ?” 4*67*6+!|6-/%2!"%4 ) +,Y#*6"p

P

4 >4<2+!“67-%&8%~4 Q/>%*)$&8}S6-/%4 8+>! + ”! %*4 ) +>,&%ƒR%*,% #;6Š&8-4 #ÚQS%

/&%#¹ & 8%?l%8%,*%<2-%¹&K67#k€S+>/!$ "K6+,/> U4*67%+A4 ?…+76%*%&=6}y%*&%,+ E€

<2-/%1+F6“ % 8&6-*667-%2&K6"# 8#84*6%*+>~68 &8>*67+>4"4 ?V6-/*6“&%ƒR%*,%“+>&+

,*4 š+,f6<2+F6-%fÂSS%*,f67*6+4 &8p

(12)

DNA

Proteins

A B

Correct exon/intron annotation

A B

Missing exon

A B

Translated intron

A

Genes artificially fused

A B C

Genes artificially split

P

+>!"%$n p¸s*mÎ84 8& 8+>&8+>!?l4 )Ö6-%Î+>,*4 8%,6È /4*6*67+>4"ª4 ?U4*67%+–T ?l4 )

! %4")$+,‰#;6£is*n Åj4¤

h

-%‰,4"%*,f6i"4*67*6+4 ä+&Š&-/4.<2µ"QS4DV%$6-%‰#/4*667%#

>+%} #+,4"%*,f6¹,* &%*&$+%¹Q%4<2p¥YQ)f%,6& ,4">4 8%#+ÿ8%#+#+,*67%¹%*84 &8p

O+>) +>":&-/ #+!È4 ?4 Q7f%,f67&5+>) +%&|-4")$4">4 !;€šp 67-%CS4 &8&+Q%J%84 8&\6-;6~ 8%

4*6%*%*&%*67%#È 8%6-%+,4 8%*,f6:+>76%*8%f67*6+4 ú4"?S&8+>!">%R,%4*67+>#/%:4 E€S) 4 =M

-+&) &ŒKO9Cj&Ž4 ?V:! %%U &†#+t%%*76! %%*&}V /#J+>/,4 ) %f67%#%f67%,f67+>4"~4 ?V&+,%

(13)

| ||:| |||: :|| ||:||| |:|||

Annotation of sequence A in the database

Sequence similarity Deduced annotation for sequence B

Case

Correct functional inference

: |: :: | : : || | :

Significant sequence similarity not detected

| ||: | || | Inferred function corresponds to

non−homologous domain 2

| ||: | || | Inferrred function is incomplete

requiring further investigation of domain 2

1 2 1 2

1 2

| ||:| |||: :|| ||:||| |:||| Assignment of homology is accurate,

but non−conservation of some residues results in inaccurate functional inference

| ||:| |||: :|| ||:||| |:||| Protein A has been wrongly characterised

resulting in false inference of protein B function

P

+>! /%5n pn m

P

,6+4 "4*67*6+4 È4 ?”4;6%+ATô?l4 )»&%ƒR%*,%“&+) +> +F6+%&674

/4*67%+

ˆ

is*n Åqj¤

h

-%Š,4"%*,f6A"4*67*6+4 –+&&8-4<2 QS4D%26-/%Š#4*686%#–>+%}

+,*4 8%,f6$,* &%*&YQS%*>4<2p©YQ)f%*,f67&2,*4 4 %*#{+Ú%*#i+>#/+>,**6% %84 8&|+{"4*67*6+4 p

O/+>) +> &8- #+!$4 ?…4"Q)f%,6&+>) +>%*&C-/4 ) 4 >4"!*€šp

ˆm‰#ˆ ª

“Ú•‘ûÚ «ÿ•* •‘û  m ¬úm m«™Ž®­

ˆ

&8%,*4 #Ð&4 8,%i4 ?Y84 Q%) &A+>ô84*6%*+>ô /4*6*67+>4"Ð4H,,*&È+‹6-%i84—,*%&8&

4"?5?l,f67+>4" \67 &8?l%8%,*%ÚQS%6’<|%*%А4*67%+µ&%*ƒH/%,*%&¹%*67%#ôQ7€Ó&8+>) +> 8+E6’€

Œ=&%*%

P

+>! p\n pn Žpñ9:) %84 & 84 Q%) & %fÂS+>&=6+>?l,6+4  4;6*67+>4 ¼Œ=%p! p¡iFr q }

r"Ô }Uï }|s*Å ïk}º º-jŽpÿj4 Q/>%*)$& 8 ! %Š?l84 ) &%) 767+>,*&$"#4 ) %,*>;68%64ú6-/%

#/+— ,/E6’€ 4 ?2#%&8,8+>Q+!ñ,4 ) %f ?l,6+4 &J6-/*6ª4 S%**67%i4 ô#+%8%76–>+%"

&8, %&8}&,.-‘ &6-4 &8%Š%*>;6+!Î641%&8+>#/%&8}#/4 ) +>/&}) 4 %,/>%*&$"#‹,%*>&p

ˆ

?l%<µ?l/,f6+4 "š?l%*67%*&}/?l4"y%fÂS ) %\) 4 %,*>"”Q/+>#/+>!C =6%*&}H4—,* >+&;6+4 &}

"##/+>&8% &8%fM.8%*6%*#$D— 8+> 767&}y 8%2,*8%76F€{ /4*6*67%#¹+>A#;6 Q"&%&8}¡ E67-4 !"-

(14)

67-%$?l%;68%&ú&8,.-µ &

t 9 ˆ

"#ä84*6%*+>ñ%fÂS%*&&8+>4 ô%fD%&Š #ñ%fÂS%*&&8+>4

#+>&=68+>QN6+4 & %U€%f664 QS%Y%Âx/>4 +F6%*#¯iFr nqjp

z

62+&&/ >F€{+)$4 &8&+Q>%64:67 ,*%6-%Y84.D%",%24 ?”#*6"Q &%5"4*67*6+4 &8p

„4 &%*ƒR%76F€š}U%fDV%*‹,4"%*,f6ú 4;6*67+>4 /&2) €ÿQ%Î#+t— ,F6264~DV%8+>?@€ p

z

6Î+&“4;M

6 Q%~6-*61?l4 $4 %¹4 ?\67-%1&8)$">%&=6ڐ84 '( K€4*6+,1! %*4 ) %&8}6-%¹ 4;6*67+>4 ñ4 ?

?l,f67+>4"Ð+&A?l#")$%*76 E€µ<284 !+¼*6{%"&K6ªïqp 4"?67-%Ú%768+>%*&°iFr ïqjp

P

=M

6-%*) 4 %*}%84 /%4 &: 4*67*6+4 &C-DV%~Q%%*Ú4 Q&%*KD%#Š64Š/4 "! *6%64Š/%f<2F€

#%4 &+F6%*# &%ƒR%*,%*&}S4.<2+!U674U6-%&8%4 ?b) %f6-/4—#&x67-*6 k64")$;6+, E€“68 &?l%*

?l,f67+>4" ”+>?l4") *6+4 QS%6’<|%*%i&%*ƒH/%,*%&Y&-"+!Š&+! +•,* 76$&%ƒR%*,%~&8+>) +FM

> 8+E6’€ pO+) +> +F6+%&¡64Y?l,6+4 F€¹,.- ",f6%*+&%*#È#*6"Q &%&8%ƒR%/,%&U %4 ?@6%*

4.D%8>4H4 '"%*#ú4 %*>&8%C4;6:?l/>F€A%fÂS4 +F6%*#p

L

4 %84 Q%) *67+>,* >F€š}2&+)$+ +F6’€~642

#*6"Q &%C4;6%+Š+&U4 ?@67%Š4D%KM+>767%/%f67%#A+26%*) &4 ?x?l,f67+>4"p

P

4 \%ÂS ) >%*}

ª¿ ,4 -/4 û#%-7€S#84 ! %/ &%*¿U?l,6+4 –) +! -76ŠQ% +>/?l%8%#‹?l84 )»67-% ,4 &%*&K6È-/+E67}

E67-4 !"-‹ƒR%=€µ #‘#/*6 Q/ &%Š/4*67%+&J) €ä4 /E€ø&-"%ȉ,*4 ) )$4"‘?l4 >#– #

9 ˆ

35w Q/+>#/+>!$&+F6%*p

ˆ

) f4"Š4"Q>%*) +µ?l,f67+>4"¼8%#+,f67+>4"Ð+&6-/%Ú)F6+#4 ) +¼/*68%Ú4 ?

)$"€Ú4*67%+&2ŒK&8%%Y,.- N6%r Ž8}—<2-%*%Y 4*67%+A, AQ%5 &&8+>! /%#$67-%5?l,6+4

4 ?\"4*6-/%}Ä%fD%67-4 !"-ª+F6Î)$€ÿ4 /E€ÿ&8- %$¹&+! %Î,*4 ) )$4"–#4 ) +p¹O,.-

)$+&K67 '"%*&C,* A4 F€ÚQ%5DV4 +#%#Q7€Ú,"%?l/>y / E€S&8+>&4 ?6-/%2#/4 ) +>A&=6/,f6/%Y4 ?

(15)

h

-/%Ú&%‰4"?5&%ƒR%*,%{+?l4 ) *67+>4"ª64‹?l8 ) %‰&K67,68 }“?l/,f6+4 ": #ø%fDV4;M

k67+>4 / K€ø-7€x4*67-%&8%&$%/%&8%76& Ú) f4 ,.- >%*! %È+16-%Ȑ4 &K67! %/4 ) +>,È%* p

„%*76"š6746-%#%*&=6 #/+>!“4 ?š6-%%fD4 >N6+4 ú4 ?&%*ƒR%,*%|?l ) +>+%&+&¡67-%,4 kM

,*%k624"?/6-%|#/4 ) +>/m~&K68,f67">F€Ú,*4 &%*KD%#}¡! %*%f67+>,* >F€Ú) 4 Q/+>%5+F6p†uv-%*

DS+%f<:%#¼*6Š6-/%Î6-8%%M.#+) %&8+>4 / Y>%DV%54"?54*67%+ô&K68,f67%*}#4 ) +µ+&È

,*4 )  ,65 8 !"%) %7654"?&%*,4 #/ K€1&K67,68%&,*4 %*,f6%*#ÈQ7€1¿+>'k%8Àx4 E€S%kM

67+>#/%&p

z

6~&8 E€–?l4 #&|+#%*S%*#%767E€‹ #‰4 &&8%&8&%&YÎ%*67+ED%F€‘-7€S#4 /-4 Q+,

,*4 %©iFï rqjp

h

-%2+>) 4 K67 ,%“4 ?†#/4 ) +>/&C+&}V6-;6C67-%f€{) €ª4*6“QS%2#+FDS+>#%*#Ú+>7674

&8) >%A/+E67&#·56-%€ì%*%*&%76–4 %i4 ?6-/%{?l/#) %76"5Q+>#+!ÿQ4—,.'R&J<2+E67-

<2-/+>,.- 64 #%*&=6 # 6-%Y%DV4 k6+4 4 ?…/4*67%+&p

ÂSS%*+%,*%!" +>/%#?l4 ) 84*6%*+>‘&=6/,f6/%A#%f67%8)$+*67+>4"ÿ+‰6-%Ȑ/ &K6Ar"q

€% 8&“#/%) 4 &=6;6%&8}¡67-*6$#4")$"+>&Y4 &&8%&8&+!‰&+) +> Y&%*ƒR%,*%&“ >&844 &8&%&8&

&8+>) +>"È?l4 >#/&}%"#+>/!Ú67416-%Ú+?l%*%/,%Š6-;6i&,.-Ð#4 ) +&È 8%Ú) %)Q%8&A4 ?

-/4 ) 4 >4"! 4 &5?l ) +>+%&¸iFº Ô }o"oqj>púO4 ) % -4 ) 4 4 ! 4 &Y#4")$"+>i&%*ƒR%,*%&J-/.D% #+EM

D%8! %#&/Q&K67 76+ >F€µQ%f€4 #167-%Š%fDV%**6“<2-+>,.--4")$4">4 !;€ø,* ‘Q%ú8%#+,f67%#

8%+>"QE€ p1wC4.<:%fD%8}?l4 )Ö6-%|6%*K67+> =€ÿ&K67,68%&24 ?”67-%&8%Î#4")$"+>&2+F6ú+&24 ?@6%*

&8%%*È67-*6|67-%+|?l4 #&|"#‰&4")$%~&=68,f67 …,.- 8 ,f67%+&K67+>,*&Y %J,*4 &8%KD%#{%fD%

<2-/%$67-%+&%*ƒH/%,*%&| 8%54*6¹is*q Ô-jp

35%*&+F6%†67-%U !"%R)Q%û4 ?/4*67%+&}V+F6-"&†Q%% &8! ! %*&K6%*#:6-;6%fD4 >N6+4

-/ &! %/%;6%#¹4 F€i 84 #ªs*q"q q~&K67,68 >F€i#+&K67+>/,f6#4 ) +&˜iEÅ"Ô }o rqjp„4 kM

&8%ƒR%*67E€ }—6-/%C%*)$%*! %*,%C4 ?4D%b?l,6+4 &U#/+!%DV4 k67+>4 Î % 8&¡674“-/.D%

Q%%*Î) 4 8%4 ?@6%*|6-%8%&/E6C4 ?b! %*%#+>,**6+4 56-" ]!|Q X Y,*%;6+4 4 ?S!"%%*&

?l84 )‡ ,,*)/>*67%#Ú)“k6*67+>4"&|4 ?/4 kM.,*4—#/+>!ú&%ƒR%*,%*p

h

-+&|4 ?@67%‰%* Q%&|/&

67467 ,*%6-%%fD4 >N6+4 =€¹-+>&=64 =€¹4 ?x/4*67%+&} #56-R&Ä) '"%+>/?l%%*,%*&U Q4 k6

67-%+?l,6+4 y84 %K67+>%*&p

(16)

± ‰#ˆ ¼¥½

 Œ•« mÿg¬ú ¾Ú4‘À¿v«=Á| ÁÈړS

h

-%%fÂS ) %C4 ?š6-/%O/,+>'k%C84*6%*+>56’€S4 &8+>/%C'R+ &%*&\+>&=68*6%*&Ä-/4.<ñ6-%+76%=M

>€ú4 ?#4")$"+>&†, J8%! />*67%…6-/%U ,6+FDx+F6’€È4"?|84*6%*+>J"&S<|%*>— &†+F6&†+>76%* ,6+4

 K67%8&p

h

-%CO,+>'k%:84*6%*+>Š'R+ &8%&”<:%8%|4 8+>! + F€¹#+>&8,4DV%*%*#È+>“67-%4 ,4;M

! %+,

t

4 /&&8 ,*4 ) 2DS+&8p

h

-%DS+ y/4*67%+‘ŒDRM&,*ŽC+&Î&8Qk6F€ª F6%8%#?l4 )

4 ?…6-/%ú4 8) ,%>"! %*%},M.&8,p

h

-%Î&Q&=6+F6k67+>4"‘4 ?1&8+>/! >%ú ) +>4 ,+#

, ‰,*4 7DV%*K6|67-%84*6%*+>$64Š 4 ,*4 ! %/+>,J?l4") p

ˆ

b67-%) %)“QS%*&54 ?6-%“?l )|M

+>F€ª&- 8%JŠ,*4 ) )$4"Ú#4 ) +‰ ,.-/+E67%,f67%~4"?û ‰9ÄM 6%*) +>/ …O/w:r }…?l4 >4<|%*#iQ€

ñO/w:n–"#øª„†M¸6%*) + 4;6%+ø'R+ &8%1#4 ) +ìŒ=&%%

P

+! pr p¸s*ŽpÓO/w:n{ #

Ow:r¹#4 ) +&2 % ?l4 /#ª+ª~<2+#%Î8 ! % 4 ?Ä,f€R674  &) +,ú&+! ">+!1) 4 %,*%&

#~) %#+*67%†6-%Q/+>#/+>!6745-4 -/4*6’€S4 &8+>%8%&+#%*& #~4 E€S84 +>%¿F6’€SS%M z8z

À

-%+>,*%&8}”8%&8S%*,f6+FDV%*E€ p

h

-/% ,6+FDx+F6’€ª4 ?†O/,24*67%+&:+&)$"+>F€ª,4 7674 >%*#‰Q7€{+E67&C,* Q4ÂR€HM 6%*) +>/

6 +>}H<2-+>,.-¹4 &&8%&&8%&C:6’€x84 &+%2%*&+#%6-;62, AQ%5-4 &8-4 =€x*67%#1Q7€‰4*6-%*

,f€R64 /> &8) +>,{4;6%+Ð'H+ &8%&8pýj-4 &8-4 =€x*67+>4 Ð4 ?6-+&¹%&8+>#/%ª%"#&J64ÿ

+>",f6+FD—*6+4 ÿ4 ?Ä67-%¹O,¹4;6%+p

h

-R&8}5)k67*6+4 &$4 ?6-%~6’€S4 &8+>% 64{%p! p

-%7€S >"+>/%}¡ &+>~DRM.&8,}y%"# 674$ ,*4 &K67+E67k6+FDV%*E€ª ,6+FDV%Y84*6%*+>}y%ÂS>"+>+!

6-%Š4",4 !"%+,Š4*6%*67+>">p

h

-%ú,K€S&=6 &=68,f67%*&~4 ?†6-%ú+>",f6+FDV%È?l4") &J4 ?,M

&,2 #w:,.'–ŒK-%*) *64 4H%f6+,2,%”'H+ &8%}… 4*67-%) %)Q%C4 ?67-%&8,“?l ) +>F€{4 ?

4*67%+'R+ &8%&Ž is*Ô Å"}Äs;Å º"}s;o qqj&8-4<2}”-/4.<¼6-%Y+76")$4">%*, Q+#+!Î4"?b67-%

#4 ) +&%!">;6%6-%Y ,6+FDS+E6’€{4 ?V6-/%&%284*6%*+>&“Œ=&%%

P

+! pr p¸s*Ž8p

z

?¡6-% „†M6%8) +>"y6’€S84 &+%$+>&2-4 &8-4 =€S>*67%#}¡6-% OwCn#/4 ) +>È<2+>Q+#

6-+&|%*&+#%*&p

h

-+&|+>767%",f6+4 Ú4H,,*&|4"ú6-%“4 4 &+F6%J&8+>#/%~4 ?S6-/%J'R+>"&%~ ,M

6+FDV% &+#%~ #i#4H%&5/4*6$&%*%)»674ÈQS%~8%&4 &8+>Q/>%$?l4 |+ ,6+FD/;6+4 púBC%fÂS%,6%#

?l4 )_&8%ƒR%*,%*}…6-%$+>'k%2%*! +>4"–Q%f6’<:%%–Ow:n¹ #{'R+>"&%ú#/4 ) +>{ #4"k6&2

S4 F€S4">+%2-%+Eª?l4 #¹ #1+&QS4 /#Q7€A6-/%“9M¸6%*) + yOwCrú#4 ) +}6-/%%*Q7€

+>",f6+FD—*6+!2+E67p

ˆ

##+F6+4 b%*! +4 &4 ?š6-%OwCr“#4")$"+>$,4 767 ,f66-/%

ˆ h

j–Q+>/#kM

+>! 4 Q%24"?b67-%Y'H+ &8%Y,*67 E€R67+>,2#4 ) +p

h

-R&}67-%Y'"%f€{?l/,f67+>4 ¹4 ?V6-%Y+76%=M

,f67+>4 14 ?S6-/%-4"&-4;6’€x84 &+%|<2+F6-Î67-%JOwCnú#4 ) +Ú) €–Q%674Š4 &+F6+4 Î67-%

Ow:r #4 ) +~64 Q+#$67-%Y>+'"%*C8%! +4 p

h

'k%2674 ! %6-%*}b-4 &8-4 =€S>*67+>4"Î4 ?š6-/%„†M6%*) +>/ "6’€S4 &8+>%#4H%&4*64"E€

>%* #ú64Š"Ú+>",f6+FD—*6+4 Ú4 ?x67-%~'R+>/ &%~#4")$"+>}†Qk6 &4264È+67 ) 4 %,* 5+>NM

6%8 ,f67+>4"&J4 ?OwCn‰ #–Ow:rÚ#4")$"+>&8}&,.-167-*6“6-%€µ,"4*6Š &&84—,*+>*67%“<2+F6-

%fÂS4 ! %*4 &>+! /#&C"#1#+&K67Q4*6-/%&+! +>/!ú84—,*%&&8%&8p

ˆ

1"##+F6+4 /<:€

4 ?û%*! *6+4 i +&%*&5?l4 )Ò6-/%J?l ,f6:6-*6:6-%J+768 ) 4 >%*, YQ+#+! &5 8%J%*>;M

6+FDV%F€ú<:%"'ú #67-R&-+! -Èq— +F6’€ÚQ+#+!  =6%*&4 ?67-%|OwCn~ &…<:% &…67-%

Ow:r ,"&=6+)*6%2'R+>/ &%2 ,f67+EDS+F6’€šp

z

ú,4 ,*>/&+4 }x“,4 ) %fÂ1+67%8>€14 ?+76;M /#Š+>767%) 4 %,* Q+#+!J+&

%&8S4"&+Q%Î?l4 U67-% •%56/+>!¹4 ?y6-% ,6+FDS+E6’€ÿ4 ?y6-/%$O/, >+'"%$84*6%*+>{'R+>"&%

h

(17)

ÇÈÊÉ

ËÌÍ

ÎWÏ ÐÊÑ ÒÓÌËÔ ÓËÌÍÕÖ

×ØÙË ÙÙÚÍ ÛÌÍÜÌÍÝÍÖ ÓÕ

Ó

ÈÊÞ

ÖÞ

ßÓ àÍ

á

âãÜÌÞ ÓÍ ÈÖ äÈÖÕÝÍå

æ

àÍÝ ÓÌËÔ ÓËÌÕ ÚËÖ ÈÓÝ çÐèé êÕÌÍëÕÜÜÍ

× Þ

Ó

àÍ

×ÞëÕ ÈÖÕÌÔ àÈ

ÓÍÔ ÓËÌÍ

×ÍÌ ÈÊì

Í

×ÙíÝÍîËÍÖÔÍÕÖÕ ÚíÝ ÈÝ

(18)

)F6+y#4")$"+>¹4;6%+&8p

± ‰#± m “ ´Ú ïړS

ˆ

&†&8-7<|4  QS4D%}k67-%U#4")$"+>J",.-+F6%*,f6/%84Dx+#%*&&K67+'H+!|+?l4 8) *6+4 "QS4 N6

$/4*67%+1 #¹+&/%%#/%#1?l4" ,*4 8%,f6?l,6+4 ¹ &&8+>! /)$%*76}”Qk6“#%f67%,6+!ú#4;M

)$"+>&,* AQS%5|6%*#+4 &4H,%*&&“ŒK&8%%Y) %f67-4—#/&&8%,6+4 "#ðiEn q-j?l4 &K67 #"#

4H,%*#%*&A+>ô#4 ) +µ#%6%,6+4 Ž8p

h

-+&¹/4 Q%) +>&È"##%*&&8%#çQ7€Ó#+%8%76

#4 ) +ø#*67 Q &8%&8}U<2-+>,.-µ/%#/+>,6ú6-/%#4")$"+>ä",.-+F6%*,f6/%14"?|–ƒR%*K€¼4;M

6%+pwC%8%})$"+>F€~6-/%%û6’€SS%*&U,* ÎQ%#+>&=6+! +&-/%#}SQ &%*#Š4 56-%*+>#%6%*,f6+4

)$%6-4H#m

«…¦”¤b¶´…´û¥RÏô¶³=®=¤b¦…£ª¥H¦x¨ú²”³K¢x­ñ§

TgrvY„I2OniFo Ôqj}yj tz

9 h Onis*Åqj

´… (¢ò…³=¥R§

j t YO

z h

¢iFo Áqj}

z

)  is*r Ôj

¤¶/´…´û¥RÏô£Ú«…³=¨7®=´”³=¥‰¶³=®=¤¦”£–¥R¦¨§

j

P/ˆ:L

iFnbsTj

B:! "S%*#– +! ) %76ÈQ/>4H,.'R&,4"&+&K6Š4 ?U-+! -F€ñ,4 /&%=DV%*#‘%!"+>4 /&“4 ?U#4 ) +&

<2-%8%14ª! ÿ- &úQ%%*ø+&%*K67%#p

z

ø) 4 &=6Ú,* &%*&}5)/E67+>%1Q/>4H,.'R&ú 8%&8%#

641+#%*67+>?@€ø‰#4")$"+>p{T4 8#%8&4 ?U#4 ) +&J 8%ú&8 E€ñ4*6Š#%•/%#‘ /#‹>4<

,4 &8%=DV%#i8%! +4 &8}<2-+,.-Ú) +>! -76JQS%“&%*?l>…?l4 :&8Q, &&8+>•,**6+4 }† %“4 ) +E686%#/p

z

ñ,*4 76"&K6$64iQ4—,.'R&}5/4 •%&$&8% 67-%A?l>%/!*6-ñ4 ?67-%¹#4 ) +p

ˆ

&Y67-%f€

%C&">F€Ú84Dx+#%*#¹"&J&,*4 +!~) *67+FÂx}x+>?l4") *6+4 Š"QS4 N65&%,*+>•/,5%&8+>#/%&

+>Ð#%•/%#¼S4 &8+E67+>4"&‹Œ=%p! p5,;6 F€R6+,ª8%&+#%*&Ž¹, ¼4*6{Q%i%f67+%fD%#p

h

-R&8}

4 F€Ú! /S%*#È)F6+%2">+! ) %767&, A84.DS+#%Y x%*,,%*&&8 K€{+?l4 8)$;6+4 È4 ?¡

#4 ) + &†67-%Y%fÂS ,6J&=6 =62 #¹%#¹S4"&+F6+4 "#,*4 &8%KD%#‰8%! +4 &8p

O/%&8+E67+EDS+F6’€1"#Î&8%%,6+FDx+F6’€+>56-/%#%f67%,f67+>4"ú4 ?#4 ) +&#+tS%*&?l4 x6-/%) %*kM

6+4 %##*6"Q &%*&pTUk6}%*&%,*+> F€È+:6-%\, &8%4 ?V! %*%f67+>,* >F€È) 4 Q/+>%}8%! />*674 K€

#4 ) +&}<2-+,.-– 8%~&/ >F€ÿƒR+F6% #+FDV%8! %767}”6-/%$%8?l4 ) /,%|68%#{4 k65674

QS%4.<ói>s;Å nqjp

ˆ

4;6-%*Ä#/<2Q ,.' 4 ?š6-%*&%C#4 ) +Î#;6 Q"&%&Ä+&} 6-;6Ä67-%f€¹4"E€

>4<ù67-%Î" F€x&8+>&“4 ?Ä&8+>!">%Î&%ƒR%*,%Î*6Î 67+>) %*}U &6-/%f€Ú<:%%Î,4 /&K68,f67%#

)$"+>F€ÿ &2&%*KDS+>,*%}/4*6Î &Y 674—4 û?l4"67-%$ F€S&+&4 ?Ä#4 ) +&p

h

-H/&}ƒR%*+%&

?l4 U x/4*67%+&†<2+E67-A%p! px~jw #4 ) +È 8%|4*6Y4 &8&+Q>%*p

z

¹"##+F6+4 }—67-%f€‰#4

4*65/4DS+>#%54 &8&+Q+>+F6+%&64J8%f67+%fDV%5#/4 ) +>È,*4*M.4H,,*%*,%*&4 ”674J>+'Î#4 ) +&

<2+E67-‘-7€x4 ! %*%f67+>,A4 “>4H,">+&*67+>4"‘+>?l4") *6+4 p

h

-/+>&~+&J &4Ú8%Sš%*,f6%*#+>167-%

4*67*6+4 {?l4 6-%$#4 ) +&8}¡<2-+,.-‹&8 E€ñ,*4 &+&K67&4 /E€ÿ4 ?\1?l%<‡&%*67%,*%&

(19)

Domain Discovery Chronology

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

Year

N u m b er s

‘86 ‘88 ‘89 ‘90 ‘91 ‘92 ‘93 ‘94 ‘95 ‘96 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00

‘72

WD40

SH2/

3 PH PDZ

ANK

Fbox RING

P

+>! /%Yr pn mw:+&K64"K€i4 ?…#4 ) +#/+>&8,4DV%*K€õ¤

h

-+>&#+ ! 8 ) &-/4.<2&û6-/%2R)“QS%*

4"?x#%6%,6%*#ú&+! ">+!#/4 ) +>$?l ) +>+%&Ä?l4 % ,.-Y€V%* \"#Y67-%+&+%*pjÄ84 ) +>/%76

#/4 ) +>/&"%Y ) %#/pŒ=„jxpyj…4 76+! }¡S%*&8p,*4 ) ) p>Ž

±m‰–ö ª

“úg“Úy ms´úm “ Ú†«#­{

h

-/%J+,*+>%J4 ?†)F6+#4 ) +Ú ,.-/+E67%,f67%~4"?4;6%+&\<: &|#/+>&8,4DV%*%#i+Î6-/%

*67%Èo q &},*4 8%*6+!Š<2+E67- +>,*%* &%A4 ?&%*ƒR%,*%1#%6%*) +>/*6+4 p

z

¼s*Á"o ï }

"¿%fÂS4 ¹&-R÷ +! À”)$%*,.- +&)ð<: &4 4 &8%#¹?l4 †6-%284  ! ;6+4 A4 ?…#/4 ) +>/&

iFÔ Áqjp

h

-%%"F€$ï q &†/4DS+>#%*#J&K674 /!:%fDS+#%/,%?l4 V6-+&†/4 4 &+F6+4 “?l4 >4<2+>/!Ä6-/%

+#%*67+>•/,*67+>4 ~4"?/R) %84 &%ÂH67 ,*%>/> †4*67%+&†,*4 76 ++!:"€S&†4"?) 4—#/>%*&

iFr rqjp2T…€A6-%“%#‰4"?S6-%“ï q &8}†4.<:%8?l”&%ƒR%*,+!¹ # F€R6+, b64H4 >&%#Î674

67-%1+#%*67+>•/,*67+>4 ø4 ?\6-/%1•8&K6Ú,€R64  &8)$+,‰8%! *674 K€Ð#4")$"+>&8pìT…€¼4<2}5

8! %CR)“QS%*U4 ?x#+%8%765) 4H#%&\-DV%|Q%%*ú?l4 /#Š+>Î%fÂR68 ,%*> U"&¡<:%x &

,€R64  &8)$+,2 #¹H/,% 4;6%+&8p

z

6“+&"&&/)$%*#}V6-*667-%YR)Q%4 ?”)$4H#%&+&+)$+F6%*#¯iFÅ Ô }o"rqj>p

P

+! 8%5r pn

&8-4<2&}b6-*66-/%“R)“QS%*|4 ?†/4.D%…#4 ) +&:#%6%*,f6%*#‰ &<|%*>” &û6-%“&+%4"?6-/%

#/4 ) +>¹?l ) +>+%&+&#%,*%"&+!ú+ 67-%5 &K6€V%* &8puø%5,"4<ð&K6"K664 / E€S&8%

67-%ú#/4 ) +>–&%f6È&%*#‘Q€ø&%,*+>•/,Š&%,*+>%*&~4 +‹‰#%*•%*#‘,%>"J,4 767%fÂR6} &

67-%Ú+š%*,%{4 ?Y4*6Ȁ%f6{#%6%,6%*#ç#4 ) +&È#%*,8% &8%&p

h

-/+>&J<2+>5% #‹674‘

&8-+?@6A+>‰67-%Š?l4H,&J4"?#4 ) +ÿ" F€x&8+>&~<:€µ?l4")‡67-%Š8%È#%f67%,6+4 pY‘

&8+>/! >%$#4 ) +{>%DV%}U%ÂSS%*+)$%*76 "E€S&+&2! +#%#ªQ€ÿ&8%ƒR%*,%Î F€S&+&<2+>

h

(20)

?l,f67+>4" y?l%;68%&Ä<2+”Q%Y) %#14"&8S%*,+•,8%&+#%*&|4 ?…#4 ) +&}¡ >4<2+!

6456"&?l%*:#%6 +>%*#‰?l,6+4 1+?l4 8) *6+4 p

ˆ

&K67 +! -76?l4 =<|"#‰%Âx")$/>%C<:4 #

QS%U67-%5 k674 ) *6+,5#+&K6+,6+4 Q%f6’<:%%*1,**6 F€R6+, F€i ,f67+ED%Y #A+>/ ,f67+ED%2?l4") &

4 ?û%€S)$%*&p

ˆ

&467-%~,4 767%fÂR6$4 ?ûŠ#4")$"+>ú<2+>†QS%“&%*#È674È+>) 84DV%~?l,6+4

%*#+>,6+4 p

h

-%Cjwç#4 ) +}?l4 Ä%fÂS ) %}H<2-/+>,.-È+&U&8 E€+>/+>#ŠQ/+>#/+>!"}H<: &

?l4 #674~QS%5~84*6%*+>A+76%8 ,f67+>4") 4H#%U<2-%A+~67-%5&")$%5/4*67%+~<2+F6-J67-%

t

-4"0“

P

#4 ) +p

z

 #/#+E67+>4"i674ú6-%A&/Q?l ) +>F€ô4 8+>%*76%#ÿ?l,6+4 ÿ%*#+>,6+4 }%fD4 >N6+4 =€

F€S&+&û<2+y>%* # 674|6-%Y) %8! +>/!$4"?…#4")$"+>¹?l ) +>+%&}/<2-/+>,.- <|%*%2 &&8) %#$674

QS%5/%*67%#p

h

-+&C,* Q%5 &8&) %#1?l4 †6-%Y?l4 4.<2+!$%* &4 /&m

­š¢/÷b¥R N¶/¤¥¢b©C§7¥RÙ«”¥R¦…­š¥Ú§´…¶­š¥

h

-/%“%DV%) 4 %Y+,8% &8+>/!úR)Q%4 ?”4;6%+

&%*ƒH/%,*%&$<2+|•#А4;6%+&J<2-+,.-¼,* ‹<|4"'ä &È+'"%*&¹QS%6’<|%*%ÿ6’<:4

&%*ƒH/%,*%?l ) +>+%&

²û¥H¨¨7¥R ú¶³=¤b¢b N®=¨7ɔ£–§

z

,8% &8+>!Ä6-%\&%/&+F6+FDx+F6’€È4"?&%* ,.-~ ! 4 8+E67-) &<2+>H >4<

64i&K67 K6~<2+F6-ÿi&%*ƒH/%,*%14 ?4 %A?l ) +E€ä #ÿ#%f67%,f6) %)“QS%*&$4 ?4*6-%*

?l ) +>+%&p

h

-+&- %%*#%*p>!"pû<2+F6-~6-/%2+7684—#/,f6+4 4 ?…jO

z

MTgr

ˆ O h p

§7¨7 («…­š¨«… (¥¹¤¥R¦”¢b£–®=­š§ú´” (¢ø ¥R­š¨7§

j4*67%+&1/%*67%# 4 6-%ª&%ƒR%*,%‘%fD%}

, ÿ #4"k6‰{&+) +> Î?l4 >#/}: 8! +!ª?l4"${,4")$) 4 ø%fDV4">k67+>4" K€¼4 8+>!"+>p

ˆ

&67-%Ú! 4 C4 ?2&K68,f67%i! %*4 ) +,&A4ff%,f67&A+>&674ÿ/DV%*5 |4;6%+

?l4 #&}\&K68,f67%ú! +#%#‹" F€x&8+>&<2+>\">4<Ò6-%Î?l&+4 –4"?#4 ) +‹?l ) +FM

>+%&8p

P

4 “%ÂS ) >%Y6-%΄

ˆ:t

35}35Ä3» #ª35

ˆ h

wÖ#4 ) +&“> ,.'i+76%=M

?l ) +>F€‘&8%ƒR%*,%Î&+)$+ +F6+%&8}ÄQ/k6$%*,%76ú&K67,68%$#/%f6%*) +*6+4 &8} #

6-%*+>Î?l,6+4 C4 %&Î &“68 &8#,%*&È4 ?: S4"k64*67+>,&+! +! }Y&!"! %&=6&

(21)

-/%5 +>)ò4 ?/67-+&…6-%*&+&+>&†674J&8%|&%*ƒH/%,*%2#/*6:674J F€S&%|?l/,f67+>4 A /#Š%fD4 >NM

67+>4"4 ?…4;6%+&C #¹#4 ) +&p

h

-/%%*?l4 %*}…+F6“+>&,8,+ 641ŒK"Ž8%+>"QE€{+#%*67+>?@€

#/4 ) +>/&+>Ȑ/4*67%+È&%ƒR%*,%*&C"#iŒKQ/Ž,4 8%*>*67%\6-/%&%U<2+F6-È%* ,.-È4*67-%"&…<|%*>

"&x<2+E67-$/-€S4 ! %*%f67+>,+>/?l4 ) *67+>4 /p

h

-4 /! - #4 ) +$#/*6 Q/ &%*&û%fÂS+>&=6} 6-/%+û&%NM

&8+E67+EDS+F6’€ #ú,*4DV%8 ! %*}x%&8S%*,+ E€?l4 ! %*%f67+>,* >F€) 4 Q+>%%*! *64 =€¹#4 ) +&}+&

4<2pU9C4 %4 ?N67-%) ">4<2&…ƒR%*+%&67-*6\! 4Q%f€V4"#67-%\+#%*67+>•/,*67+>4 “4 ?/#/4 ) +>/&

+{&+! %$&8%ƒR%*,%*&p

h

-H/&}UA#4")$"+>i+#%76+•,**6+4 ¹674—4"<2-+,.-–+&Y,4 />%*#A674

Ú#/*6 Q/ &%Š&=€S&K6%*),4"67 ++>/!Ú ##+F6+4 \+>/?l4 ) *67+>4 –- #164ÚQ%Š#%DV%*>4 %#/p

h

41">4<‡-+! -F€ø8%+>"Q>%Î#4 ) +–+#%767+>•,**6+4 }”6-%564H4 û- &64QS%$Q &8%#‹4"

-/ #$,8*6%*#Î +! ) %76&\ # &-/4 #úQ%+#%*S%*#%*6|?l4 )ô6-%&8%#$&%",.-+!

) %6-4H#p

ˆ

&:6-+&:64H4 U&8-4 #QS%ú ,,*%&&8+>Q/>%~64ú67-%È&,*+>%*67+>•/,,*4 ) )+F6’€š}+F6A- &:674

-/.D%J“uø4 #kM uv+>#%M¸uø%QÿŒuµuµuvŽ:+67%8?l ,%:<2-+,.-Ú >4<2&\67-%J / E€S&8+>&|4"?û&%fM

ƒR%*,%*&J #–%*&%767&C6-%$%*&F6&+>ª1,4",+&%Î?l4 ) *67pÚÄ",.-‹#4 ) +–&8-4 #

Q%1",,4")$/ +%#–<2+F6-µ+,.-µ /4*6*67+>4"ø+,#+!‘?l,6+4 }Y&K67,68 : /#

/-€S4 ! %*%f67+>,“+>?l4") *6+4 p

z

iÈ&%*,4 /#ª&=6%/}x6-%~#%DV%*>4 %#A64H4 ”&-4 />#{QS%&%*#A674È F€S&%|6-%%fDV4;M

k67+>4 ÿ4 ?#4 ) +& #ÿ4;6%+&8pÐ'( =€V4*67+>,¹&+! ">+!{#4 ) +& %A&8 E€

#/+>&8,&8&%#ñ+>167-%Š+E67%8*68%Š &J+?6-%*+>4 !"%+F64 8&~ #67-%+~?l,6+4 &~ 84 &%

%* F€+>ú%'( =€V4*67+>,|%DV4 k67+>4 /pwC4<|%DV%8}y%fÂS ) %&-/.D%5QS%*%Š#/%&,*+QS%*#J<2-%8%

67-%&8%Š#4 ) +&2 %Î4 +! +*67%#–+‹84 '( K€4*6%*&4 2 8%Î-4"+4 76">F€i6"&?l%*%*#

?l84 )ùuÈ64i84 '( K€4*6%*&pôB:&8+>/!A67-%A#4 ) +ñ#;6 Q"&%}6-%A-7€S%f6+,¹#+>&=68+>QNM

67+>4"‹ #‘%DV4 k6+4 "K€µ-/+>&=64 =€ä4 ?†6’€S+,"%'( =€V4*67+>,ú&+! +>/!Ú#4 ) +&J&-/ >

Q%Y8.D%%#p

Y‰6-%ú4*67%+>%DV%}+E6A&8- Q%È F€S&%#-4<ý,.- !"%& +>‘/-€S&8+>4 4 ! +,"

?l%**6/%&"%|8%Sš%*,f6%*#A+>67-%5&%*#A4*67%+&&8%f6p

z

Ȑ"K6+,/> 8}—6-/%|%fD4 >N6+4 A4 ?

)“F6+,%>"+F6’€–&8- ¡QS%Y "E€S&%*#pûuv+E67-$6-/%2,*4 ) %f6+4 4 ?b67-%Y•&=6J!"%4 ) %*&

4"?%/'N"K€V4;6+,ª)“E67+>,*%>/> 4 !" +&) & 67-%&8%ªƒR%*&K67+>4 /&1,"¼Q%ª"#%*&&%*#ç?l4

(22)

6-%ڕ8&K6A6+) %p‚BC&+!i67-%Ú#4 ) +Ð#*6"Q &%*}+F6{&-">5Q%Ú,.-%,.'k%#}|674Ú<2-/*6

%fÂR6%*#:6-%\#+tS%*%/,%&ûQ%f6’<:%%* )F6+,%*> û #J&8+>/! >%U,%%#~+>?l%\ %\%Sš/%,f67%#

+>ô#+tS%*%*,%*&1 ) 4 !‰67-%i4*67%+¼,*4 ) %) %76&%,*4—#/%#ÐQ€µ67-%+A4;6%+&8p

P

/K6-/%) 4 8%}¡84*6%*+>&û6-/*6“ %Y&%,*+>•/,64$)/E67+>,*%> C4 ! "+>&8) &C&8-4 #1Q%

+>#%*76+•%#p

h

4A%&=6+)$;6%56-%~,*4 ) >%ÂS+E6’€ÿ4 ?Ä&+! ">+!¹+>i-R) }%&=6+) *6%*&“4 ?y6-/%~&+%

4 ?R6’€S+,"&8+>!" +>!2#4 ) +$?l ) +>+>%*&\"%%%*#%#/p

ˆ

&y6-%-R) ú!"%4 ) %+&\4;6

€V%f6“&8%ƒR%/,%#/}…O

h

Œ=%fÂS8%&&8%#‰&8%ƒR%*,%6 ! ŽU#*6"Q &%*&C-/.D%64 QS%Y&8% 8,.-%#

?l4 U4D%) %)“QS%*&4 ?y84*6%*+>È?l")$++>%*&p

h

-%8%?l4 8%}"È >!"4 +F6-)ò-"&…64~Q%|#%M

DV%4 %#}/<2-/+>,.-¹ >4<2&64~+#%767+>?@€iO

h

&Q%4 ! +!|64~&8S%*,+•,24*67%+A?l ) +>+>%*&

#}b+Î2&%*,4 #Î&K67%},.-%,.'R&…<:%f67-%¡6-%*&%QS%*>4"!674“">8% #k€È&%ƒR%*,%*#È! %/%&

4 8%4DV%p

ˆ

#/#+E67+>4" E€ }š67-%,4 %,f67+>4"Î4 ?bO

h

&Ä#%8+ED%#$?l4 ) 4DV%*/4*67%+&

(23)
(24)
(25)

úm‰=Š

ØQûýü*ؔØQþ8±2í™ÿŠî=žš× ˆ

,/*67%#1/4*67%+&8%ƒR%/,%#/*6 Q/ &%<2-+,.-1&=6+FDV%*&Ä674

4DS+>#/%5~-+>!"-¹%fD%y4 ?¡ /4*6;6+4 {ŒK&8,.-A &†6-%:#%&8,+k67+>4 ¹4 ?6-/%5?l,fM

6+4 ø4 ?Cª/4*67%+}|+F6&$#4 ) +&ú&=6/,f6/%}54 &=6M¸67 /&*6+4 ) 4H#+•,*M

6+4 &}D— 8+> 767&}û%f67,pŽ}A) +>+) û%fDV%*4 ?%#/# /,f€ÿ #i-+! -{>%DV%*û4 ?

+>76%*! ;6+4 <2+F6-¹4*67-%#*67 Q &8%&8p

îU Nö:ë Kž × ˆ

84*6%*+>Y#*67 Q &8%x<2-+,.-“,*4 &+&K67&…4"?H%*76+%&¡+YOku

z

OOkMj t h M

>+'"%?l4 ) *6#/%+FDV%*#ú?l84 )¼6-/%û67 /&*6+4 4 ? >V,*4—#/+>!2&%*ƒR%,*%&|ŒK„35O&8Ž

+>“67-%|

L

Tgr{9:/,%4*67+>#%:O%ƒR%*,%Y35*67 Q &8%}%fÂS,%*k66-%:„35O&U %* #k€

+>,*>/#%#+>¹Oku

z

OOkMj

t h p

¥R¦

¶¦Qñ°b¯

+>&6-/%Î9

z

w:À&#*67 Q &8%Î4"?U 'H/4.<2–H/,%4*67+>#%ú #{4*67%+

&%ƒR%*,%*&È+>/,#+!‹&/S4"K6+!‹Q/+>Q+4 ! "-+, /#äQ+4 >4"! +>,* +?l4 ) *M

6+4 p

ö:ë Kž ê h

-%

L

TgrŠ9C,%4;6+#%O%ƒR%*,%Ä35*6"Q &%†,4 &=6+F6k67%&”4 %À&

+) K€úR,%4*67+>#/%&%ƒR%*,%8%&4",*%p

L

"+>J&84 8,%&û?l4"†359

ˆ

# t 9 ˆ

&%ƒR%*,%*&~ %$#+%*,f6È&8Q) +&&+4 &~?l84 )æ+#+FDx+#"\8%&%* ,.-/%&8}! %/4 ) %

&%ƒR%*,+!Š/4f%*,f6& #A;6%76 +,*67+>4 /&p

¦” (υ²

ˆ

/4 kM.8%#/# 76ÿ,4")$/+>*6+4 ì4 ?~Oku

z

O/OkM.j t h

"#

h

8

L

Tgr¡pJO%*%

568:9;6; 568:>/KCH.>/MCI:>=3:>FLF;C8)HF;)G6HF;¹?l4 †67-%Y#Q¹84 ! ")$p

¦”®

¥R¦…¥=ž ¯bó

+>&iô&K€S&K67%) ?l4 Ú N64 ) *67+>,* >F€Ö =6+F6+4 +!ô0“%*T /' &%fM

ƒH/%,*%&|+764ú$4 NM.%*##/ 76~&%6J4"?! %/%fM.4"+%76%*#‰,&K67%8&p5 ,.-‰BC+EM

0“%*%~,&K67%5,*4 76 +&Y&%*ƒH/%,*%&6-*6$8%8%&8%76ÎÈ+ƒH/%$!"%%*}û &U<|%*>

&Y%*67%#{+>?l4") *6+4 i&/,.-– &U67-%|6+&&/%Y6’€S%&2+>È<2-+,.-¹6-/%~! %% -"&

(26)

QS%*%ñ%fÂS%*&&8%#µ #ñ) ø4—,**6+4 p

z

ø ##/+E67+>4 Ú64ª&%*ƒH/%,*%&È4 ?<|%*>FM

,.- 8 ,f67%+%*#! %%*&}-R#8%#&~4"?û67-4 &8 #&4DV%U%fÂS%*&&8%#ø&8%ƒR%*,%

6 !Œ=ÄO

h

Ž&8%ƒR%*,%*&|-DV%2QS%*%¹+>/,#%#/p

ú ‰#ˆ

†ïڏS S 4‘*¬Ú©Ž «#Ž Z¬•

ÇÈؔî

¶´”´û¥RÏ

ÇÈؔî·

&8+>,

4—,*

Ç

+! ) %76

Ø

%* ,.-

î

4H4 t·~ FM

>4<2&64 &8% 8,.-1$&+! %2&8%ƒR%*,%“ ! +&K6“ &%*ƒR%,*%J#*67 Q &8%p

±“ØQüTþ ÇÈ؅î× ê J±

4 &+F6+4 kM

Ø

%,*+>•,

ü

67%;6%#çTgr

ˆ O h

p“Ok6 =6+!ä?l84 )

+>/+E67+> Tgr

ˆ O h

&8% 8,.-}&=6*67+>&=6+, E€‰&+! +•,"65 >+! ) %*67& %C,4 )“Q+%#

k674 ) *6+, F€µ+674iڐS4 &8+E67+>4"kM.&8S%*,+•,A&,4"%A) *68+EÂS}<2-+,.-ñ+&~&%*#ñ?l4"

+E67%8*6+! &%* ,.-%*&p

ëìëìö|í

j84 •%

É

+>##/%

ë

'k4D

£

4H#%*>&ŠŒK84 •%úw L1L

&ŽJ,* ‹Q%Î/&%#1674

S%*?l4 8) &8%&8+E67+ED%J#*67 Q &8%“&8% 8,.-+>/!ú&8+>!$&K67*6+&K67+>,* ¡#%&8,8+>k67+>4"&:4 ?…

&%*ƒH/%,*%$?l")$+F€xÀ&5,4"&%*&&8púw L‰L

t

+&5È?l%%*E€‹#+&K68+>Q/k6 Q/>%~+) >%M

) %76*67+>4"4 ?¡84 •%Yw L‰L

&4 ?@6’<: 8%2?l4"4*67%+&8%ƒR%*,%“ F€S&+&p“ŒK&8%%

3657568:9;6;=36I6IFN >@<C5/M.>NCG/;kŽ

ûÑ®=§7¥Rî¢x¢³=§°bó

,*4 &+&K67&4 ?”6’<|4‰/4 ! 8 ) &p

h

-%ΐ4"! )æj… +Kuv+&%Š,* –Q%

&%*#‘+>767%",f6+FDV%*E€ä?l4 2 >+! ) %*6È4 ? 7€{6’<|4‰&8%ƒR%*,%A+k67&p–O/% 8,.-kM

uv+>&8%È, ‘%8?l4 )Õ,4 )“Q+*6+4 &~4"?&8% 8,.-%&|67-4 /! -‘359

ˆ

4"J4;6%+

#*67 Q &8%&Q7€{$/4*67%+84 •%Y4 359

ˆ

&8%ƒR%/,%p

ûÑ®=§7¥R°° ê

uv+&%n+>&5?l4H,/&%#{4 {,4 ) "+!A359

ˆ

&%*ƒR%,*%&J;6|6-% %fD%4 ?

+E67&Y,4 ,*%k67 68 &8>*67+>4"}\8%! "#%&8&“4 ?\&%*ƒH/%,*+>!1%84 Y #ª+>7684 &8p

z

6 ,"Ú,4 )  8%~È&+! %~4;6%+i4 |Š/4 •%~w L1L

674ÈÈ! %/4 ) +>,~359

ˆ

&%*ƒH/%,*%}†"#18%#+,f6Jú! %*%2&K68,f67%*p$ŒK&8%%3656568:9#;6;C<6<6< > !/N:> !6KÀ>

"/;#FL 57<!FN6;%$6N&/;

ú ‰#± '

«#Ž• J§‘ÚS4“•‘1 “•´ ¬Ú•´•«©Ž

³=«”§7¨7¶³@û)(* =ž ·b¯+\ž ·° L

/E67+>%&%*ƒH/%,*%C +! ) %7684 ! ")$}/+>|6-/%%f<

DV%*&+4 4DS+>#/%#$<2+F6-¹ J<2+#4<2&:+76%8?l ,%*p

؅¥R¶-,È®=¥. ×b× ˆ

! 8 -+,")F6+%“&8%ƒR%*,%J">+! ) %76“%#/+E674 p

ëvÇ

Ç`û =žš¯b¾~ë

F6+>%

Ç

+>!") %76

4 &K67,6+4 2 #

Ç

F€S&+&

û

4 'RQ%,.-/}

6-;6~ >4<2&\67-%/&%U674ú,*4 &K67,6$)F6+%~ +>! /)$%*76&|Q7€–>4H,*67+>/! }† NM

(27)

­š¢b¦”§7¥R¦…§«…§

„">,*>;6%&C ,4 &8%&8&|&8%ƒR%/,%J?l84 ) ¹ +>!") %76pJŒK9:pyTU4<2

#0/špqr¡ +}šQ/>pt·&%*% 3756568:9;7;C<6<6<:>–HFL":>#NCI6HFM1-3/NCG/N7MCHFN%2:>@G/N7;3/M%7IFN%65/;

K7L6N4.>@3756IFM

úm‰–ö ‹

JÚ=‘ù; g“Úy~òmsŒÚ †~Ú

ؔ®=¤b¦…¶³=±=ž þb¾

/%#/+>,6&…67-%:8%&8%,*%5 #ú4H,*67+>4 Î4 ?&8+>! / S%N6+#%:,*>%*.D— !"%

&+F6%&+ ) +4 ,+#¹&%ƒR%*,%*&p

îU¢´”±2 N¥RÏ5=ž · ê

%*#+>,6&56-%È4H,*67+>4  /#Ú674 4 >4"!*€µ4 ?û68 &8)$%*)Q8 %¹-%fM

>+,%*&p

¢b®=³=§7°6¾bó

/%#/+>,6&û„4 +>%*#~,4 +/&=68,f67%*&Œ

z

76+) *6%*E€RM."&&4H,+*67%# Q#/>%*&û4 ?

>4 /!$">-/*M.-%*>+,%*&Ž8p

ؔö

=ž ×b¾

#/%f6%*,f67&$8%! +4 &4 ?>4< ,4 ) 4 &+F6+4 ",4 ) %fÂS+F6’€ô+‘4*67%+&%fM

ƒH/%,*%&p

úm‰#ú

m  •´ 7 =´Ú†ïڏS~

±2ŸxÇÈë °°

j

P/ˆCL

+&ÿ>"! %{,4 %,f67+>4"Ó4 ?)“F6+>%–&%ƒR%*,%– >+! ) %*67&

#A-+##%

L

8'"4Di) 4—#/%&,*4DV%8+>/!ú*667-%5) 4 ) %76ŠŒDV%*&8+>4 º pÅ Žn n Á q

4*67%+#/4 ) +>/&p

±2í™ÿŠØQü*î“ö8óþ9 h

-/%$j

t

YO z h

ç#*6"Q &% ,*4 &+&K67&Y4 ?\Q/+>4 4 ! +,">F€‘&8+>! /+>•,* 76

*667%8&Y #{4 •/>%*&2?l4")/>*67%#{+>{&/,.-–J<|€Ú67-*6Y<2+E67-ª"4"+*6%

,4 ) k67*6+4 "R674—4 &Ä+E6|, Î-%64“#%f67%) +%\674<2-+,.-È'R4<2È?l ) +>F€4 ?

4*67%+‘Œ=+>?… 7€xŽCÎ/%f<ò&8%ƒR%/,%~Q%4 ! &8}”4"<2-+,.-‰'R4<2‰#4")$"+>¡Œ=&Ž+E6

,4 76"+>&8p

±2 (¢ò…³=¥R؅­š¶/¦

,* ~&%* ,.- 5&+! %84*6%*+>~&8%ƒR%/,% ! +&K6|4"•>%#/*6 Q/ &%*&

ŒK&%*%e3656568:9#;6;C<6<6< > FN7K.> CH419CH:>K 3F;6L 56<!FN6;:;#<=3>? L6I:>h3656I/M

úm‰A@ B

®Ž   ©Ž

±:¥H (³

j…%8|+>&ú‹-+! -kM.%fD%|/4 ! 8 ) ) +>!–> /! ! %$<2+E67-µ ä%,*>%*,f67+>,Ú-%*+F6 !"%

<2+F66%*ñQ7€r¡ 8K€–uø #ÿi, &=614"?67-4 &8 #&8p

z

6¹#%*+FDV%*&ú?l4")Ñ6-/%

Q+ƒH/+E674 &„ù4 !" ) ) +>/!1 ! "! % #¹674¹%&&8%“%fÂR6%*6Š?l4 )æ&8%#}

.<2'R}†67-%ŠB:/+EÂø&-%*>} #–*6È% &=6A‰#4"%‘4;6-%*64H4 & /#‹>"! !"%&p

j†%8>À&Š84—,*%&8&}Y•%}5 #i6%ÂH6‰) +*6+4 ä?l ,*+>+F6+%&Š) 'k%1+F6ڐ =6+,kM

(28)

&4 ?@6’<: 8%64H4 >&8}&K€S&K67%)) / ! %) %*6~67 &'R&8}#/*6 Q/ &%Š",,%*&&8}C! 8 -+,"

4"! ) ) +! }%6’<|4"'R+>/! }…"#J<|4 8># <2+>#/%<:%Q4"! ) ) +! p

±|¢b§7¨7¤b (¥HØDC

j†4"&K6!"%OFE˜rÎ+>&y&84 -+&K67+>,**6%*#†YQ)f%*,f6M

t

%*>;6+4 35;6 Q"&%û) kM

! ) %76“&K€S&=6%) }¡&/S4"K6+!$ )$4"&K6“ O-EÆr‹,4"&K67,6&}¡+,#+!Î&Q&=M

%%,6&}(68 &",f6+4 &8}—"#Y&%*KM.#/%•%*#C6’€SS%*&¡ #2?l,f67+>4"&p

z

6Ä+>&6-/%Ä) 4 &=6

#kD— ,*%#Y4 %kM&4 /,%#;6 Q"&%ûD— +> Q%p:ŒK&8%% 3656578:9;6;C<7<6<:>@8FL2C5FN2GFM.>

L2Ž

±H,Èë

jJI

L

ŒKj… ">%KI~+K67

L

,.-/+>%*ŽU+&\2&4"?@6’<| 8%C/ ,.'( ! %û6-*6C%8)$+F6&\

-%f67%84 ! %/%4 &”,4">%,6+4 4 ?—B:+F /#u 4 ¡9

h

,4 ) N6%8&†-4H4 'k%#64 ! %6-%*

Q7€Ó‘%6’<|4"'ª674‹QS%1&%*#¼ &ú‹&+! %Ú>"! %‰/ %:,*4 ) k67%p

h

-R&

>"! %Š,*4 ) k67*6+4 /4 Q%) & ,"ÿQ%A&4 FDV%*#ñ) 4 8%È,4 &=6%S%,f67+ED%F€¼Q€

&+!6-/% ! ! 8%! ;6%4<|%*Ä"#~) %) 4 K€È4 ?b)$"€Š,4 ) N6%8&p2Œ=&%%|3656568:9

;6;=<6<6<:>N=86I:>L2FM.>FL%F;C86I/;kŽ

ú ‰AL

7 .‘V«=«ú|m“Ú

ëv¥R¨7¶ Ç ×…žM

j8%#+,f67&Î6-%ª,%*> ‰4—,* >+&;6+4 Ó4 ?Jø4*67%+ÓQ &8%#Ó4"Ó+E67&

Oku

z

OOkMj t h

%767K€šp

؅ö|Ç

Ø5=ž ·b¾

h

-/%

Ø

€S&K6%*) ?l4

ö

&=€

Ç

F€x&8+>&¹4 ?

4*67&¹4"?

Ø

%*ƒR%,*%&‰+&A

&K€S&K67%)Ò4 ?84 ! ")$&#%*&+! %*#264Y?l ,*+>+F6*67%&8%ƒR%*,%C F€S&+&\84f%,6&Ä+>NM

DV4 FDS+>/! ! % ) 4 767&\4 ?S#*67 p

z

6:+>&ē4 ! +,">F€¹4 !" +%#Î&%654 ?Fš%fÂS+Q>%*}

% &8+>F€i) 4H#+>•/ Q%“8%&%* ,.- 64H4 &p

±“«”²…£ª¥RÏ

jQ

L

%#¹+>&†67-%59:;6+4 Fr”+Q8 K€14 ?

L

%#/+>,*+>%*À>&&%* ,.-A&8%KDS+,%6-;6

4DS+#%&$ ,,*%&8&264i4DV%*‰s;q{) +>+4 ñ,*+E67*6+4 &$+

L

Ä3r

z

9CÄ}j%

L

3UM

r z

9:}û #{4*6-/%Y%*>*67%#ª#*6"Q &%*&}y<2+E67-–+>/'H&64¹ =6+,+*67+>!¹4 +%

f4 8 &p

± ½ =ž ¯…žM

j8%#+F6&&%,*4 #"K€ &K67,68%–%%) %*67&‰?l4 A&+! %{4*67%+&¹ #

)F6+%“">+! ) %767&p

؅íŠØN×b°~Ø í Ø

(29)

&8- 8+>!,4"&+#%8 Q%\&8%ƒR%*,%&8+>) +>"+F6+%&p

ˆ

F6-4"! -2)$%6-4H#&”&,.-“ &

P/ˆ

O h ˆ

4"ÈTgr

ˆ O h

}6-/*6ª&%",.-ç&8+>!">%{&%*ƒH/%,*%– ! "+>&=6ªÿ#/*6 Q/ &%*}C<2+>Y#%f67%,6

,*>%* F€A8%*6%*#$-/4 ) 4 >4"! %&8}b+E6+&û%&=6+)$;6%#56-/*64 F€È /4ÂS+>) *67%F€¹4 %M¸6-/+>8#

4"?\ †-/4 ) 4 >4"! %&Y 8%~#%f67%,6 Q% Q7€&,.-ª) %f6-/4—#&¸is s*Åj>pŠO/%&8+E67+EDS+F6’€ÿ, {QS%

+) 4D%#‘&8+>!1+>+F6+ E€ñ#%6%*,f6%*#‘-4 ) 4 4 ! %*&“"&&K67 K67+>/!14 +>767&?l4 2?lK67-%

#/*6 Q/ &%¹&%* ,.-%*&•is s*Ôj"#i67-+&ΐ84—,*%#/%¹, ÿQS%A+F6%**67%#ø?l4"$&=6+>Q%f686%*

#/%f6%*,f67+>4 4 ?”#+ED%8&%-/4 ) 4 >4"! %&†is*r Åj>p

z

ô4 8#%674‘, k67%ú67-%Ú&%*ƒR%,*%ª#/+ED%&8+E6’€v"#–6-%Ú,*4 &8%KD%#¼?l%*67%*&

4"?ڐ/4*67%+ÿ?l")$+F€š}+E6¹+&~%*,%&8& =€‹64ÚQ/+>#ÿÚ)F6+%¹&8%ƒR%*,%¹ +>! /)$%*76

/&+!‰¹4 !" )æ&8,.-‹ &2„>/&K6"Eu is*º rqjp

h

-+&-/+>! -/>+! -76&“%&8+>#/%&C67-*6ú %

<:%†,*4 &8%KD%#Š<2+F6-+ڊ =6+, C4*67%+‰?l ) +E€ }† #1-%,*%C6-/4 &%C6742<2-+,.-

A! 8%*67%<:%+! -76Š&8-4 #ªQ% ! +FDV%A<2-%{&%* ,.-/+>!#/*6 Q/ &%*p¹„4"&K67,6+!

">+! ) %767&“,* iQS% J6+) %$,*4 &8) +>!¹84—,*%#8%p

h

-% jO

z

M.T r ˆ O h

/4 ! 8 )

iFo }Ô-jU&8%&56-%È8%&/E67&$4"?CÚTgr

ˆ O h

#;6 Q"&%È&,* Ú64Ú,4"&K67,61"ÿ+76%*

">+! ) %76‹4 ?67-%ªƒR%*K€ù #Ð#*67 Q &8%–&%*ƒR%,*%&8p

h

-+&1">+! ) %76‹+>&~6-%*

/&%#ú674ú,*4 &K67,6~Î&%f6~4 ?4 &+F6+4 1&8S%*,+•,J&8,4 8%&}6%8) %#‰Î4 •/>%*}†&8%#‰?l4

1&Q&8%ƒR%*614"#‘4 ?#*67 Q &8%Š&%* ,.-/+>!"}"#‘?l4 ) 67-+>&~1%f<ý +>! /)$%*76

"#ª/4 •% %~,*4 &=6/,f6%*#p

h

-% 4H,%*#%$+&28%%*67%#{76+û%+F6-%*Y4/%f<

&8%ƒR%*,%*&J % ?l4 /#}4 5A&%,*+>•%*#‹R)Q%24 ?Ä+E67%8*6+4 &Y+&“%8?l4 ) %#/p

h

-/%

) %6-4H#‹+&CDV%*K€ø?l &K6Š #‹%* &K€{64‰/&%ú"#‹- &6-%ΐS4*67%76+ y64‰#/%f6%*,f6A) 7€

) 4 8%Y-4 ) 4 4 ! %*&û67- ¹&+! %Y&%ƒR%*,%)$%6-4H#&8p

„4 /&K68,f67+>4"“4 ?H)/E67+>% +>! /)$%*76&¡4 ?R-4 ) 4 4 ! %*&¡&+! k674 ) *6%*#2) %6-kM

4H#&2+>/,#+!ÚjO

z

M.Tgr

ˆ O h

iEo-j>}\w L‰L

t

#¹67-%ú„&=6 Ä&+F6%ú4 ?84 ! ")$&

is*º rjš %x<2+#%*E€$ ,.'R4<2%#!"%#C674/4H#,%&8%?l}€V%f6\&8QkM.4"k6+) >}H +>!") %76&8p

z

#/% E€ }xJ&8%f6|4 ?y)F6+%| +>!") %76&,*4 &=6/,f6%*#È?l4 )ò-4")$4">4 !"%&\&K68,f67%*&

<:4 #ú/4DS+>#%û6-/%Q/ &+&?l4 û,4 ) %f67%C#/%f6%*,f67+>4 Î4 ? >V) %*)Q%&\4 ?-4 ) 4 4 ! 4 &

?l")$++>%*&p–35%6%*) +>/%#‘&K67,68%&8}-4<|%DV%8},8%767E€ø%*%*&%76¹4 /E€ñ1&8) >

(30)

4 4 =6+4 ‹4 ?&%*ƒR%,*%&8 ,*%}%fD%Ú<2-%,4 &8%È-4 ) 4 4 ! %*&J %È,*4 &8+>#%*%*#p

jÄ8+>4"û674ú,*4 ) >%6+4 14"?†84f%,6%#1&K68,f67"”!"%4 ) +,&C4 !" ) ) %& i>s;Å Åqjy+F6J+&

)$4"%2?l+F6?l674ú) R E€–4 k67+>) +&%“ >+! ) %*67&Ä674ú&%,*+>•/,*67+>4 /&| &:#/+>&8,&8&%#

+>niEr"Å-jp

ˆ

) 4 %$&K€S&=6%) *67+>,ú%fÂS4 +E67*6+4 ª4 ?”67-%Î+?l4 8) *6+4 –D— +>"Q>%$+–¹)F6+FM

>%Y&8%ƒR%/,%">+! ) %76“+&/4DS+>#%*#1Q7€iwC+>##/%

L

'k4.D

L

4—#%*ŒKw L‰L

ŽQ &8%#

)$%6-4H#&™iFÁ nqjp

h

-%*&%~,*4 &K67,6$Š84 Q Q++>&=6+,~)$4H#%*†4 ?ûŠ)“F6+>%~&8%ƒR%*,%

>+! ) %*67}5+>/,#+!‹&K67*6+&K67+>,* û<|%*+>! -767&ú?l4 5<2-+,.-ª6’€SS%*&Š4 ?:")$+4ª ,+#ä 8%

?l4 #‹;6Ȑ =6+, J4 &8+E67+>4 /&J+>167-%ú">+! ) %767}"#‹+?l4 ) *67+>4"‘4 6-/%Š%M

! +>4"&:4 ?x67-%">+! ) %76 ?l4"Ä<2-+,.-Š6-%*%J+&:Š-/+>! -ڐ/4 Q"Q+>+F6’€‹4 ?†Š! Œ=+>/&%=M

6+4 u #%*>%6+4 ŽS4"&+F6+4 pYB:&8+>!Î 84 8+>*67%“&84 ?@6’<: %AŒ3657568:9;6;=36I6IFN >@<C5/M.>

N=G·3656568:9#;6;C<6<6< >K6N.>SFK6K.>#NCGF;JN6N!FKC3F;)K6LCI68)H6L);!CIl>@3656IJMkŽ8}Sw L‰L

,*

QS%C,4 &=68,f67%#A?l4 )òJ/%fM%fÂS+&K6+! +>!") %76}"#Š&8%#J64“&%",.-AJ#*67 Q &8%

4 ?V4;6%+ &%*ƒH/%,*%&p

ˆ

E67-4 ! -~w L‰L

Q &8%# ) %f6-/4—#&û"%,*4 &+#%* QF€A&8>4<:%

6- ‘jO

z

MTgr

ˆ O h

}"#‰6-%È,*4 &K67,6+4 ÿ4 ?6-%È +! ) %76¹ QS4"~+>767%&8+ED%}

6-%€‰ /S%* ”674J4q%+) 4DV%*#A#%f67%,f67+>4"È4 ?y-4 ) 4 4 ! %*&Æis s*ºqjp

h

-%|?l4 8) >+&)

L1L

(31)
(32)
(33)

4i >4< 67-%È#%6%,6+4 ø4"?!"%%6+, E€Ð) 4 Q/+>%A#4 ) +& +>84*6%*+>ÿ&%*ƒH/%,*%&

"#674% Q/>%È6-%i !"%{&8, %{ F€S&+&4 ?2#4 ) +&¹+>Ð%*&%,6674Ú67-%+A,4*M

4H,,*%*,%¹ #ÿ-7€S>4"! %%6+,1 &:<:% & ,%*> Î#/+>&=6+Qk67+>4"}

z

ÀFDV%¹#%fD%4 %#

O

L‰ˆ:t h

}

Ø

+)$/>%

ë

4—#/>"

Ç

,.-+F6%*,f67%

í

%&8% 8,.-

î

4—4">pÿO L‰ˆCt h

">4<2&

67-%+>#/%76+•,;6+4 ú4 ?S#+FDV%8! %76:#4 ) +Î-/4 ) 4 >4"! %&Ä+Î&8%&/+>%*#Š&%*ƒH/%,*%&

"#i4DS+>#/%&YA+,.-{"4*67*6+4 Ú?l4 |%* ,.-{#4 ) +p

ˆ

&5O L‰ˆ:t h

+&5Q &%*#ª4"Ú

8%*6+4 "/#*67 Q &8%&K€S&=6%) }b+F6&%*KDV%*& &û\64H4 H?l4 S67-% "E€S&+&û4 ?"67-%%fD4 >N6+4

"#?l/,f67+>4 ¹4 ?”)F6+FM.#/4 ) +>¹84*6%*+>&8p

z

Î67-+&:,.- N6%8}

z

#%*&,*+QS%JO

L‰ˆ:t h

&:#4 ) +1+#%76+•,**6+4 ڐ84*64H,4 &}V6-/%

/#%8E€S+!Ú#*67 Q &8%ú /#–+F6&uµuµu +76%*?l ,*%p{O L‰ˆ:t h

<| &,4 &=68,f67%#‘+

,*4 > Q4 8*6+4 ‘<2+E67-ç„jxp2j†4"67+>/! } tCt

pY„4 %f€ }

h

pY354H%8'H&8}

P p L

+>%f67– /#

jSpyT4 8'¶i>s;Å n"}Äs*n"º"}Äs*Å qj>p

Lm‰=Š '

«#Ž• ~~ ‘ÚS|“•‘û

ˆ

&¡%fÂS +>/%#+2,.- k67%”Ô }R4 F€ )$"H/ >F€$4 k67+>) +&%*# +>!") %76…€S+%#&”-+>!"-%&=6

&8%&8+E67+EDS+F6’€+> -4 ) 4 4 !*€Š&%* ,.-%*&p

h

-%*%?l4"%}bO L1ˆ:t h

+>&ûQ"&%#$4 )/E67+>%&%fM

ƒR%*,%: >+! ) %*67&4 ?8%8%&8%76*67+ED%5?l ) +>F€) %)Q%8&?l4 Ä% ,.-ú#4 ) +p

h

-%&8%

">+! ) %767&Ä"%-"#~,8*6%*#|645 &8&+! ~ 84 8+>*67%#4 ) +~QS4"# 8+>%*&û #:674

%*&/%|+F6&ƒR">+F6’€šp

h

-%|?l4">4<2+>!&%,6+4 &%ÂS>"+>67-%|#%DV%4 %#A,4"&K67,6+4

/4*674—,*4 û #{+>&K67*67%Î+F6Î4 A67-%$%fÂS ) %Î4*6Y67-%΄O/j #4 ) +pÂS,%*k6+4 "

,* &%*&<2-/%%2 #%fDS+*6+4 ?l4 )ì6-%Y84*64H,4 H<| &%*%#%*#‰ 8%5%*&%767%#p

Referenzen

ÄHNLICHE DOKUMENTE

that is convincing for EU member states and partners alike. To this end, the Commission should provide guidance on how the different dimensions of a socio-ecological recovery in

A strategic CSR approach by integrating social, environmental, ethical, human rights and consumer concerns into the business model and the core strategy [In11] with creating

In the following paragraphs the structure of the modular axis control system is described with a focus on the new elements, which had to be adapted or developed (Motion

Despite the limitations of the current Fujaba version, i.e., the lack of support for multiple projects (strata) and, consequently, missing support for maintaining consistency

The points specified by a user, together with the utopia point qU and approximation of nadir point qN (which are computed before an interactive analysis of a

Auch mehrere Eingangsbereiche können mit ModuVis eingesehen werden – ganz einfach ohne komplexe Verdrahtung und Programmierung. Westermann

Durch Transformation vom analogen Reagieren zum toolbasierten Agieren wird effiziente Schadenvermeidung ermöglicht und nachhaltiger Nutzen geschaffen. • „Klassische“

Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau FiBL info.suisse@fibl.org | www.fibl.org.. Biodiversitätspotential Mit