Judith M. Gundry Volf

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Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament • 2. Reihe

Begründet von Joachim Jeremias und Otto Michel Herausgegeben von

Martin Hengel und Otfried Hofius

37

Paul and Perseverance

Staying in and Falling Away

by

Judith M. Gundry Volf

J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck) Tübingen

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CIP-Titelaufnahme der Deutschen Bibliothek

Gundry Volf, Judith M.:

Paul and Perseverance: staying in and falling away / Judith M. Gundry Volf.

- Tübingen: Mohr, 1990

(Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament: Reihe 2; 37) ISBN 3-16-145527-4

ISSN 0340-9570

NE: Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament / 02

Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlags unzulässig. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigung, Übersetzung, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen.

Druck von Guide-Druck GmbH in Tübingen; Einband von Großbuchbinderei H. Koch KG in Tübingen.

Printed in Germany.

978-3-16-157145-9 Unveränderte eBook-Ausgabe 2019

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To Miroslav

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Preface

The present study is a slightly revised version of a doctoral dissertation accepted by the Evangelisch-Theologische Fakultät of the University of Tübingen in 1988. Prof. Dr. Otfried Hofius inspired me to work on the problem of perseverance and falling away in Paul's thought and supervised the project. His critical interaction with my thinking in the course of the investigation always proved invaluable, and his warmth and great personal interest added pleasantness to the task. One cannot wish for much more from a Doktorvater—thus, my heart-felt gratitude. The years of research in Tiibingen were made possible to a large extent by the Diakonisches Werk of the Evangelische Kirche Deutschlands through its scholarship program for international students. During my time as a Stipendiatin I enjoyed the fine hospitality and resources of the Evangelisches Stift in Tiibingen. My sincere thanks goes to both organizations.

A teaching post then took me to Yugoslavia, where my writing and, later, revisions were completed. By that time I had had the benefit of the reactions of others to the results of my research. I would like to thank those individuals here. Prof. I. Howard Marshall, whose expertise in my topic is well-known, kindly read various parts of the first draft and took the time to give helpful feed-back in conversation and correspondence. Prof. Robert H.

Gundry read the entire first and final drafts of the dissertation and provided thorough and detailed comments—an accomplishment which owes no less to fatherly love than to academic enterprise. I benefited greatly from his insights. Prof. Dr. Peter Stuhlmacher read the dissertation as Korreferent and his extensive and provocative comments figured significantly in my thinking as I revised the manuscript for publication. Prof. Hans Dieter Betz kindly read the dissertation and made suggestive new observations which I was unfortunately unable to pursue and develop in the revisions. The one who perhaps knows more than any other how this book took shape and whose interaction also left its important traces on the text is Prof. Miroslav Volf, my husband. His theological interest and competence were a boon to me throughout. I remember gratefully the breakfast, mid-aftemoon, and late night talks about whatever I was working on just then and the many helpful

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vi Preface

insights they brought. Not only my mind was fed, but my soul as well by his confidence-inspiring manner. It is fitting that this book is fondly dedi- cated to him, for it incorporates some of the fruits of our life together.

Finally, I express my appreciation to Prof. Dr. Martin Hengel and Prof.

Dr. Otfried Hofius for accepting this book in the WUNT 2 series. Thanks also go to Mr. David Sielaff, Ms. Carey Wallace, and Ms. Sandy Bennett of the Word Processing Department of Fuller Theological Seminary for their mammoth effort and expertise in reformatting the better part of my text for this publication, and to Mr. Simon Seitz of the Wilhelm-Schickart- Institut für Informatik of the University of Tübingen for his extraordinary helpfulness at the critical stage of producing a laser print-out of my manuscript.

October, 1989 Tübingen

Judith M. Gundry Volf

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INTRODUCTION

An interest in re-examining fundamental aspects of Paul's gospel has characterized more recent New Testament scholarship. One of these aspects, to which in particular the work of E. P. Sanders has devoted con- siderable attention, is Paul's view of "staying in" salvation.1 Using this terminology, Sanders put forward the thesis that for Paul as well as for Palestinian Judaism "salvation is by grace but... works are the condition of remaining 'in'."² The ensuing debate has focused primarily on Paul's relationship to Judaism as regards the question of staying in salvation. The present book is interested in the same question but narrows the subject to Paul's teaching on staying in salvation; and instead of attempting a com- parative religions study, this work is primarily exegetical-theological in nature. Further, it seeks to know not only how one remains in salvation according to Paul but also, more fundamentally, whether one necessarily does so.

If the present investigation bears a relation to the contemporary New Testament debate on Pauline soteriology, it is also, and even more closely, related to the centuries-old theological debate on the perseverance of the saints. Since Augustine this doctrine has served as a theological framework within which theologians have wrestled with the question of whether and how one remains in salvation. Augustine introduced the idea of a donum perseverantiae: as a divine gift the perseverance of the saints in grace was

certain.³ Calvin later championed the doctrine by affirming the perseverance of believers through the power and faithfulness of God.4 The Re- formed confessions, in particular, the Canons of Dort, emphatically espoused the perseverance of the saints by denying that they could totally or finally fall away.5 Down through history, nevertheless, a chorus of

1 See especially his major works, Paul and Palestinian Judaism and Paul, the Law, and the Jewish People.

2 Sanders, Palestinian Judaism, 543.

3 See Augustine, De dono perseverantiae; De correptione et gratia XII.33.

4 See Calvin, Institutes III.2.15-28, 38-40; III.24.6-8.

5 On the systematic-theological debate, see esp. Moltmann, Prädestination und Perseveranz; Berkouwer, Faith and Perseverance.

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2 Introduction

criticism has been heard against perseverance. Out of a wide variety of theological concerns the voices of dissent have offered an alternative: in the final analysis, remaining in salvation hinges on believers themselves, who may or may not persevere to the end, depending on the degree of steadfast- ness in their faith and practice.

In the discussion Paul's epistles have assumed a prominent position.

Calvin drew scriptural arguments for the teaching of perseverance primarily from them, but they have served others well enough to affirm that Christians can "fall from grace" and "lose salvation." Interpreters have not only paid varying degrees of attention to a given Pauline text relating to perseverance. They have also come up with conflicting interpretations of the same text. The current debate on "staying in" carries on these efforts to show where Paul stands on the matter. The intersection of the contemporary discussion with the traditional debate calls for a reassessment of Paul's teaching related to perseverance.

Does Paul assume that Christians will remain in salvation? If so, on what basis? What, if anything, can disrupt this continuity, and to what extent can it do so? I will attempt to answer these and related questions through a detailed exegetical analysis of the relevant texts. The magnifying glass of rigorous exegesis will, I hope, let Paul's meaning prevail over our dogmatic prejudices, whatever they be. Moreover, no full-scale critical treatment of the Pauline passages related to perseverance is available, to my knowledge. Sanders' treatment in his two major works is neither comprehensive nor exegetically thoroughgoing—perhaps because his investigation is guided by a special interest in comparative religions—and the conclusions he draws are often, for this author, unsatisfyingly hesitant.6

I. H. Marshall's chapter on Paul in his book Kept by the Power of God stands out as an important contribution to serious New Testament study of the problem, yet it suffers from brevity. We therefore need to expend a good deal of effort at the exegetical grindstone if we are to understand better Paul's thought on staying in salvation. Both the comparative religions side of the debate and the systematic-theological side stand to profit from this kind of study.

As the reader will discover, the exegetical conclusions reached here through in-depth analysis of the texts tend toward the classical Reformed doctrine of perseverance. Nevertheless, this study was not undertaken to confirm that doctrine; nor is the book meant to function as an exegetical defense of it. Rather, my intent is to uncover what Paul, unaware of

6 See esp. Law, 105-113; Palestinian Judaism, 515-518.

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Introduction 3

theological systems formed after his time, believed about continuity in Christians' salvation. I have tried to let Paul set the agenda and determine how it is carried out. The material in his texts, not the internal requirements of a dogmatic treatise, gives the study its shape. The apostle himself raises the issues to be discussed here. For the most part, the degree of emphasis and amount of attention he devotes to a particular aspect of the problem will determine even the degree of its prominence in my investigation. And despite the aforementioned tendency, the conclusions drawn from the exegetical discussions will not invariably fit the Reformed position. Need- less to say, the highly developed doctrine of perseverance that comes out of the sixteenth-century is not a mirror image of Paul's first-century teaching on continuity in individual salvation. It is the latter in its distinctiveness and pristine fullness which I purpose to investigate here. I will leave to others the task of applying the results of this study to dogmatic theology and comparative religions.7

Some readers will wonder however whether I have not set too ambitious of a goal in attempting to organize Paul's thoughts on the question of remaining in salvation into a more or less unified whole. Can we speak of a Pauline view of staying in or falling away, or, for that matter, of Pauline theology at all? Or do not such conflicting thoughts flow from the apostle's pen that it is hard to attribute to him a "theology" in the strict sense? It is true, on the one hand, that Paul's epistles, occasional documents that they are, do not together constitute a comprehensive or watertight theological system. Therefore we can hardly expect them to set forth a systematically worked out, tightly argued position on a problem such as continuity in individual salvation. On the other hand, the presupposition that Paul was prone to blatant contradictions seems just as problematic. We do best to expect a certain coherence and consistency in his thought until the texts, whose contingency we have thoroughly taken into account, prove other- wise. The following study will support the reasonableness of this presupposition with exegetical evidence.

The epistles to the Thessalonians, Galatians, Corinthians, Romans and Philippians, whose Pauline authorship is widely and successfully defended,8 constitute the sources for this investigation of Paul's thought on continuity in salvation. Although examination of all the pertinent texts in Ephesians, Colossians and the Pastoral Epistles would doubtless enrich the discussion, whether or not they are authored by Paul, for lack of time and

7 For a view of the relationship between Paul and Judaism on continuity in salvation different from Sanders' and critical of it, see Gundry, "Grace," 1-38.

8 On the question of the authenticity of 2 Thessalonians, see p. 15, n. 35.

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4 Introduction

space I have limited my comments to the most significant parallels.

I have arranged the texts under investigation topically instead of chrono- logically. This arrangement does not overlook the possibility that Paul's epistles reflect a general development in his theology. But other factors affecting interpretation—especially historical and literary contexts—seem in this case to unlock more doors to Paul's meaning than do chronological considerations. Besides, Pauline chronology itself is a matter of debate. The topical arrangement which I have used does not assume too much with regard to chronology. Further, the grouping of texts with common topoi lets their parallelism, nuances and contrasts come to light more easily. To avoid an artificial systematization by this kind of arrangement, however, careful attention is paid to immediate and overarching contexts.

The discussion of Paul's teaching on staying in salvation opens with an analysis of texts in which Paul announces and expounds fundamental theological truths about God's saving work in Jesus Christ, present and future, for Christian believers (Part One). In the first group of texts (Chapter I) Paul indicates the relation of various divine saving initiatives to each other and especially to final salvation. These texts reveal whether Paul believes in principle that a sure continuity exists in the individual's salvation,9 so that aspects of God's saving work which have already benefited believers are integrally connected to the future consummation of their salvation.

The second group of texts (Chapter II) addresses the question of remaining in salvation in the light of the eschatological tension as characterized by Paul. Not only must believers endure in faith and hope the interval between present salvation and its future consummation. Until that day they also face tests and tribulation in which antagonistic forces threaten their continuance in salvation. The eschatological distress and final judgment raise the possibility of failing to remain in salvation to the end. Thus those passages where Paul's fundamental theological assertions on continuity in salvation meet with the concrete realities of present Christian existence provide yet deeper insight into the apostle's view of staying in salvation.

Parts Two, Three and Four seek to refine Paul's meaning further by analyzing texts in which the concrete problems Paul faced in his ministry touch the question of staying in salvation. These texts are often taken to have negative implications for the idea of sure continuity in Christians' salvation. They fall fairly neatly into two familiar categories: the first group deals with the problem of ethical failure as a possible reason for exclusion

9 As the analysis of the texts will reveal, Paul can conceive of salvation as a work of God in individual Christian believers, not just as God's saving activity among them in the Christian community. Cf. Sanders, Palestinian Judaism, 547.

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Introduction 5

from salvation (Chapters III-V), and the second concerns the possibility of falling away through unbelief or abandonment of belief in the gospel (Chapters VI and VII). The last group of texts, in which the dangers are formulated more generally, deal with the final outcome of Paul's ministry for himself and his converts (Chapters VHI and IX).

Finally, the Conclusion will summarize the basic findings of the exegetical discussions and relate them to each other in an attempt to show how Paul answers the question whether and on what basis one "stays in."

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PART ONE

THE ESCHATOLOGICAL TENSION AND STAYING IN

In his fundamental theological expositions of God's saving work in Jesus Christ for Christian believers Paul can distinguish between various aspects or stages of salvation. Further he indicates that some of these divine saving initiatives have already benefited believers, but others lie yet in the future. The temporal separation between present and future aspects of salvation raises the question whether the blessings of salvation experienced now will certainly be followed by the coming ones. Is there a connection between them, and if so, what is it? Paul deals with this matter of the interrelationship of God's saving initiatives toward believers as he announces and explains to them basic theological truths about their Christian existence. First I will look at the most important Pauline texts in which the relation of present to future aspects of salvation comes to light and try to answer the question whether Paul there presupposes or asserts an underlying, sure continuity in Christians' salvation in view of which it will definitely reach completion (Chapter I). Then I will take up the same question where it surfaces in the context of the eschatological distress and final judgment.

When Paul is dealing with end-time threats to the full accomplishment of Christians' salvation, how then does he portray the interrelationship between its present and future aspects (Chapter II)? What grounds does he put forward for his view?

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I. CONTINUITY IN SALVATION

God's Saving Works and Final Salvation

Romans 8:29, 30. In the "golden chain" of Rom 8:29, 30 Paul names in succession various aspects of God's saving work in Christians. "Whom he foreknew, he also predestinated to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brethren; and whom he predestinated, these he also called; and whom he called, these he also justified;

and whom he justified, these he also glorified." What is the goal of God's saving work portrayed here as a chain of divine actions leading up to a final climax? How are the individual links of the chain related to the goal?

The "beginning" of Christians' salvation lies in God's eternal counsel, according to Paul. He develops the notion of the divine npödems" at 8:28b in the next verse with the use of the terms TrpoyivcocrKeLV and irpoopl(eiv.^x

According to God's eternal purpose, Christians are "foreknown" and "predestinated." TTpoyiviooKeiv denotes God's prior choice, not prior knowledge (so also 11:2; for the idea, cf. 9:11).² npooplCeiv refers to God's eternal determination of the elect to a goal.3 Predestination thus expresses the goal-oriented aspect of divine election. Paul explains the goal of divine predestination here to be conformity to the image of God's Son: npotopLcreu avp.\i6p4>ovg TFJS E'IKÖVOS TOV vlov avrov. Interpreters have understood the expression "conformed to the image of God's Son" in different ways.

Does it refer to conformity to Christ in baptism (cf. Phil 3:10; also Rom

1 V. d. Osten-Sacken, Römer 8, 279; Wilckens, Rom II, 163.

2 BAGD, s. v. npoyivaicrKOj: "choose beforehand." Cf. Schmithals, Anthropologie, 164: "Der Weg zum Heil beginnt also damit, daß Gott sich in freier Wahl die Menschen auserwählt, die er zum Heil führen will, nicht aber erkennt er nur im voraus diejenigen, die sich aufgrund ihres eigenen Verhaltens das Heil verdienen werden." Cf. also Bultmann, wpoyiisuuKU), TDNT 1, 715; Calvin, Institutes, III.21.5; below, p. 167 with n. 27. Cf. the Semitic use of DT. The textual history of Rom 8:29, 30 suggests that TTpoyLUcuaKeif and rrpooplCeiv are so similar in meaning that they could be substituted for each other (Schmidt, rrpoopCCu, TDNT 5, 456). In v. 30 npoiyvoi is the variant reading (A) for npoupiaev.

3 See Michel, Rom, 277; Luz, Geschichtsverständnis, 253; Hofius, "Hoffnung," 9;

Marshall, Kept, 102. Cf. 1 Cor 2:7: npoa>pi<jev...Trpö rmv alcouaiv.

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10 Continuity in Salvation

6:3-5)?4 Is it rather a present, on-going process (cf. 2 Cor 3:18) in imitation of the Son's obedience in suffering?5 Should we take it as a reference to the eschatological transformation (cf. Phil 3:21)?⁶ Or is it used more broadly to connote the whole Christian life as participation in Christ (cf. 1 Cor 1:9)?7

What is the goal of divine predestination described as conformity to the image of God's Son?

Paul can think of Christian conformity to Christ as both conformity in present mortal existence (av^iop<pi£6peuos~ ra damrco airov, Phil 3:10)8 and in the future glorified life of the resurrection (j.leraaxrinariaeL

TO acSfia rfjs' raTreivcocrecos' T)ii&v avmxop<j)ov TO3 aatjiaTL Tfjs" So^rjs-

ai/Tov, Phil 3:21). There is even present transformation (pLeTa[iop<f>ovfieda)

"from glory to glory" (2 Cor 3:18). Thus there are various aspects of conformity to Christ for Paul. Which aspect is meant in Rom 8:29?

The standard of conformity in Rom 8:29 is the e'lKdTOV V'LOV avrov.

Paul uses the phrase e'lK&u Qeov elsewhere to designate Christ as the image of God in whom God's glory and essence shines forth (2 Cor 4:4, 6; cf.

Col 1:15, 19). rqu avrr\v e'lKova at 2 Cor 3:18 must also, in the light of 4:4, 6, refer to Christ as the image of God.9 For Paul, 8o£a characterizes Christ as the eltahu Qeov (2 Cor 3:18; 4:4, 6). We see then that Paul uses the term elKcou of Christ with reference to Christ's divine glory. The standard of conformity to which Christians are predestinated, therefore, is the Christ of glory.

This view gains support from 1 Cor 15:49, where Paul makes a sharp distinction between^F] elKtbu TOV eirovpauLov, which "we will bear," and

f j e'iKthv TOV XOLKOU, which "we have borne." The "image of the heavenly" refers to Christ,10 and the future bearing of Christ's image, to the resurrection life, as the context makes clear.¹¹ Christians will be made like unto the image of the heavenly one, the resurrected and glorified Christ.

This association of the resurrection with the image of Christ may form the background to Paul's formulation in Rom 8:29. For here Paul says that Christians will be conformed to the image "of his Son" (TOV V'LOV CLVTOV),

4 Paulsen, Römer 8, 159.

5 Calvin, Rom, ad loc.; Cranfield, Rom, 432; Bruce, Rom, 178. Cranfield and Bruce, however, do not exclude a future conformity.

6 Michel, Rom, 277; Thüsing, Per Christum, 126, 127.

7 Wilckens, Rom II, 164; similarly, v. d. Osten-Sacken, Römer 8, 284-286.

8 The present tense of the participle does not permit a reference to baptism, however (Grundmann, o w fierd, TDNT1, 788, 789).

9 Larsson, Christus, 277; Barrett, 2 Cor, 125.

1 0 Conzelmann, 1 Cor, 287, 288; Grosheide, 1 Cor, 389; Schlatter, Bote, 441;

Jervell, Imago Dei, 191.

11 Cf. Schlatter, Bote, 441; Grosheide, 1 Cor, 389.

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INDEX OF REFERENCES TO

BIBLICAL AND OTHER ANCIENT SOURCES

Bible

Old Testament Joshua

Genesis 2:19 101

12:2,3 195 n. 222 Judges 13:15-17 187 n. 169 8:27 183 16:15 124 n. 115 8:27 183 17:1-8 187 n. 169 1 Samuel 17:16 124 n. 115 7:5 183 22:14 111 n. 59 11:15 183 22:16 66 n. 126 12:22 167,167 n. 25 24:7 187 n. 169 13:20 183

26:11 101 18:16 183

Exodus 2 Samuel

15:16 269 2:9 183

18:20 34 3:21 183

22:14 198 n. 235 14:15, 16 257 32:6 121 n. 104,122 15:6 183

Leviticus 18:17 183

13:36 198 n. 235 1 Kings 18:7,8 113 n. 65 19:10-18 169 19:14 94n.41

19:23-25 187 n. 162 2 Chronicles 20:11 113 n. 65 12:1 183

Numbers Job

15:17-21 187 n. 161 1:9-11 65 2:1-5 65 Deuteronomy 2:6 118 n. 83 4:37 167 n. 27 5:17 108 7:6 167 n. 27 14:10 122 7:6-8 16n.40 20:18 275 n. 83 8:5 107

10:12-15 59 Psalms

10:15 16n.40 2:11 269

14:2 167 n. 27 6:2 LXX 106 n. 43 17:7 116 n. 74 6:6 LXX 106 n. 43 25:4 124 n. 115 21:6 LXX 50

26:18 16n.40 24:3 LXX 50

31:11 183 24:20 LXX 50

32:21 172 25:2 LXX 235 n. 14

32:47 263 33:9 LXX 197 n. 228

37:2 LXX 106 n. 43 43:23 LXX 56

44:22 56nn.56&59 49:20 LXX 94 n. 44 90:5 LXX 198 n. 235 93:14 LXX 167 94:12 108 110:1 58 111:9 LXX 37 118:114 LXX 50 118:116 LXX 50 120:7 LXX 70 n. 154 134:4 LXX 167 n. 27 140:9 LXX 70 n. 154 151:5 LXX 126 n. 127 Proverbs

3:11,12 107 5:23 96 11:24 37 12:4 96 15:1 96 19:9 96

22:8a, 9 LXX 37 25:21,22 36 n. 170 28:24 248 n. 85 Ecclesiastes 7:7 96 9:18 96 Isaiah

1:23 248 n. 85 6:13 178 n. 100 7:5-9 136 n. 30 8:15 172 n. 55 19:16 269 24:20 172 n. 55 28:16 50 44:3 30 n. 140 44:5 30 n. 140 45:14-17 1 78 n. 96

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314 Index

Isaiah (cont.) 45:18 263 45:20-25 178 n. 96 46:3,4 169 n. 33 49:1 263 n. 11 49:4 263,278 49:5 263 n. 11 49:6 21 49:8 263,278 50:8 68 n. 139 58:6 46 59:4 275 n. 83 59:19 178 n. 96 59:20 1 78 n. 96,185

n. 150 61:1,2 46 63:16 17

64:3 LXX 60 n.79 65:23 263 Jeremiah

1:10 90n.27 10:24 106 n. 43 11:16 175 n. 74 11:20 235 n. 14 14:10 126 n. 127 14:12 126 n. 127 17:10 235 n. 14 20:9 242 20:12 235 n. 14 31:18, 19 105 38:37 LXX 167 n. 25 46:28 112 n. 62 Lamentations 1:22 95n.47 3:31-33 108 Ezekiel

9:4—6 31,31 n. 144 Daniel

4:37a LXX 269 7:22 134 n. 19 Hosea

5:12ff. 136 n. 30 12:2 LXX 275 n. 83 13:7,8 136 n. 30 14:6 175 n. 74 Amos

7:17 122

Micah

4:1-8 178 n. 96 6:8 34 Nahum

1:7 197 n. 228 Habakkuk

2:4 124 n. 115,126 Zechariah

3:1 65

New Testament Matthew 3:2 221 n. 102 4:17 221 n. 102 5:3-10 46 5:20 131 n. 3 5:21 101 n. 17 5:22 101 n. 17,272

n. 57 5:29,30 94 6:1 37 6:1-4 36 n. 170 6:10 131 n. 4 6:13 71,71 n. 160 6:25-33 36 7:6 127 n. 131

10:26 266 n. 33 10:28 88,266 n. 33 11:5 46

11:26 270 n. 49 12:18 126 12:41,42 91 n.31 13:19 70 n. 152 13:21 94 13:24-30 220 13:36-43 220 13:38 70 n. 152 13:47-50 220 14:5 266 n. 33 15:5 209 n. 28 15:6 198 n. 235 15:19 131 n. 2 16:3 99 n. 4 16:23 94 16:26 209 n. 28 17:5 126 18:6,7 85 n. 3 18:6-9 94 18:15-17 117 n. 81

19:4 17 20:18 91n.31 21:26 266 n. 33 21:46 266 n. 33 23:30 249 24:10 94 24:11 127 n. 131 24:21,22 129 24:24 127 n. 131 24:34 131 n. 3 25:31^6 127 n. 131 25:35,36 36 n. 170 25:35-45 46 n. 225 26:33 94

27:3 91 n. 3 27:24 209 n. 28 27:52 106 n. 44 Mark

1:4 221 n. 103 1:11 126 3:29 101 n. 17 4:41 266 n. 33 5:26 209 n. 28 6:12 221 n. 102 6:20 266 n. 33 7:21,22 131 n. 2 9:32 266 n. 33

10:33 91 n. 3 11:18 266 n. 33 11:32 266 n. 33 12:12 266 n. 33 13:19,20 72 n. 166 14:29 255 n. 121 14:64 91 n. 3 16:20 78 n. 219 Luke

1:50 266 n. 33 1:53 36 2:9 266 n. 33 4:17-21 46 6:20-23 46 7:22 46 8:15 272 9:45 111 n. 59 10:21 270 n. 49 11:2 131 n. 4 11:4 71 n. 160 11:8 255 n. 121 11:31,32 91 n.31 12:5 266 n. 33 12:22-31 36

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Bible 315 17:30 77 n. 204 26:7 65

18:4 255 n. 121,266 26:20 221

n. 33 21:\2 257,257 n. 134

18:11 135 Romans

19:10 88 Romans

20:19 266 n. 33 1:7 16,60,124 n. 115, 21:24 122,178 n. 55 187,192 n. 203

22:2 266 n. 33 1:10 257

22:32 71 1:13 257

23:40 266 n. 33 1:16 251 n. 99, 267 24:37 114 n. 67 1:19 152,152 n. 131 24:39 114 n. 67 1:24 223

24:39 114 n. 67

1:28 219,233,233 n.2

John 1:28-31 140

1:1,2 17 1:29-31 131 n.2,143

3:16 88 1:32 140,153 n. 139

6:63 209 n. 28 2:1 91n.31

8:10 91 n. 31 2:2,3 100

9:2 111 n. 59 2:4 201,221

9:22 266 n. 33 2:5 21,201

10:28 87,88 2:7 11,33,37,188

11:11 106 n. 44 n. 173

12:19 209 n. 28 2:8 21 n. 84, 37

12:25 88 2:10 12,33,75

15:16 21,21 n. 79 2:12 86,88,275 n. 86 17:12 87 n. 12,88 2:13 209 n. 29 17:12 87 n. 12,88

2:14, 15 752

Acts 2:16 209 n. 29

2:38 221 2:17

3:25 187 2:19 215 n. 66

5:26 266 n. 33 2:23 54

7:60 106 n. 44 2:25 208 n. 21, 209

9:26 266 n. 33 n. 28

10:2 266 n. 33 2:28,29 164 n. 14 10:22 266 n. 33 3:1,2 201,208 n. 21 10:35 266 n. 33 3:3 162 n. 8,191 10:38 119 n. 91 n. 199

13:16 266 n. 33 3:4 65, 797 n. 799 13:24 221 n. 103 3:8 60,100,146 13:26 266 n. 33 3:20 206 13:36 106 n. 44 3:23 49

13:43 212 n. 49, 213 3:26 67,194 n. 216

13:47 21 3:30 62 n. 94,206

14:22 71 4:2,3 54

15:29 93n.35 4:4 190

17:30 221 4:5 39 n. 182

19:4 221 n. 103 4:11 31 n. 144

19:38 65 4:12 186

19:40 65 4:14 275 n. 81

20:21 221 4:16 790

21:25 93n.35 4:17 39 n. 182 24:17 38 n. 180 4:18 49 n. 6 26:2 65

4:24 39 n. 182 5:1-5 284 5:1-11 49-56 5:2 11,124,196

n. 227, 212, 212 n. 50 5:3 56

5:5 45,60 5:6-11 284 5:7 162 n. 10 5:8 60,64,94 n. 48 5:8-10 66 5:9 21 n. 84,194

n. 216

5:10 58 n. 65,189 n. 180,192 n. 203 5:11 194 n. 216 5:12 179 n. 105 5:12-19 51n.20 5:16 68

5:18 68

6:1 83,146,212 n. 49 6:2 148

6:3-5 9 6:4 55,83 6:5 258 6:6 239 n. 39 6:8 22 6:13 239 n. 36 6:14 212 n. 49 6:15 146 6:18 208 n. 23 6:19 83,223,239 n. 36 6:22 83,208 n. 23 7:1-6 210,211 7:4 118 n. 89 7:7-24 83 7:8 149 7:11 149

7:15-23 150 n. 123 7:21 33 n. 156 8:1 68,92 n. 31,157,

194 n. 216, 285 8:2 83,208 n. 23 8:3 68

8:4 83 8:6 61,75 8:9 62 n. 94 8:10 61

8:11 29,29 n. 130,39 n. 182, 62, 258 8:14-39 161,161

nn. 1-7

(25)

316 Index

Romans (cont.) 8 : 1 5 , 1 6 114 n. 67 8:17 11,18 n. 55,19,

19 n. 66,49, 61, 62, 62 n. 94, 77,260, 284 8 : 1 7 - 2 5 61

8:18 11,19,50,57,59, 61, 62 n. 94,194

n. 216 8 : 1 8 - 2 5 28 8:21 11,50,61

8:23 11,27-29,50,51, 61,174,283

8 : 2 3 - 2 5 7 7 8:24 283 8:25 49

8:26 57,65 n. 121 8:28 9,13 n. 29,58-

62,165,188 n. 173 8:28-30 18 n. 55,191

n. 195

8:28-39 161,284 8:29 62,76

8:29,30 9-14,15,16 n. 41,49, 67,126,283 8:30 19,165

8:31-34 65-69 8:31-39 190,190

n. 183,191 n. 200 8:32 64,200

8:33 13 n. 29, 78,126, 206

8:34 58

8:35-39 16,56-65 8:38 46 n. 229 9 : 1 - 3 162 9:3 162 n. 10

9:4 767 nn. 2 & 3,163, 163 nn. 12 & 13,187, 190 n. 193,201 9 : 4 - 1 3 161 9:5 163,187,189

n. 181,190 n. 193, 201

9:6 162-65,167,171, 175,175 n. 75,181 nn. 124 & 126,195 9 : 6 - 1 3 188 9:7 191

9 : 7 - 1 2 161 nn.2 &4 9:7-13 168 n. 29,187 9:7-10:21 164-67

9:9 191

9:11 9,161 n. 6,163 n. 12

9:12 191

9:13 161 n. 7,189, 191,239 n. 37 9:16 67 n. 134 9:22 88n.l3 9:23 19

9:24 168,189,191 9:25 60,189,192

n. 203 9:26 189 9:27 182 n. 131 9 : 2 7 - 2 9 169 9:30 259 n. 148 9:31 164 n. 16,259

n. 148

9:32 94 n. 38,171 9:33 50,94 n. 38

10:8 245 n. 69 10:11 50 10:14 245 n. 69 10:15 60,245 n. 69 10:16 192 n. 204 10:19 172

11:1 126,162,182, 195

11:1 ff. 166 n. 23 11:1-10 167-71 11:2 9,126,161 n. 6 11:5 182 n. 131,186

n. 157,188 n. 173, 189,193,194 n. 216 11:7 164 nn. 14 & 16,

166 n. 20,177 n. 91, 189

11:7ff. 166 n. 22 11:9 94n.38 11:11 124,162,178,

179 n. 108,189,192 n. 208,195,200 n. 245

11:11-15 171-74 11:11-24 201 11:11-32 171,181 11:12 37 n. 174,178,

179 n. 108,182 n. 132,186 n. 154, 189

11:14 186 n. 157,257 11:15 178,179 n. 108,

185,186 n. 154,189 11:16 28,185-88,199 11:16-24 174-77 11:17 185 n. 150,248

n. 84,250 n. 90 11:17-22 286 11:17-24 196-201,

226,227,285 11:19 178,189 11:20 124 11:21 198 n. 235 11:22 172 n. 55,

200 n. 245,201 n. 254 1 1 : 2 3 , 2 4 179 n. 108,

286

11:25 173,189,199 1 1 : 2 5 , 2 6 164 n. 16,

173 n. 62,174 n. 68, 177-85,193 nn. 209

&210

11:25-27 286 11:25-32 177 11:26 193 n. 215,201 11:27 180,185,185

n. 150,193 n. 215 11:28 161 n. 7,184

n. 147, 286 11:28-32 185-95 11:29 161 n. 5 11:30-32 183 11:31 174 n. 73 11:33-36 183 12:1 187 12:12 49 n. 6 12:13 259 n. 148 12:19 21 n. 84,36

n. 170

12:20 36 n. 170 13:3 33,34,266 n. 33 13:4 272 n. 57 13:11 140,140 n. 51 13:11-14 141 13:12 140 13:13 131 n. 2

14:1-23 85-97,155, 241 n. 50,285 14:4 52,73,122

n. 110,124 14:9 58

14:10 53 n. 33,65 14:17 75,153 n. 139 14:19 259 n. 148

(26)

Bible 317

14:20 34,45,46 15:2 89

15:4 49 n. 6 15:8 189 n. 181 15:13 49 nn. 6 & 13 15:16 118 n. 89 15:18 268 15:24 36 n. 170 15:26 42 n. 207 15:28 40,41 n. 195 16:4 162 n. 10 16:5 186 16:6 262 n. 4 16:10 235 n. 12 16:12 262 n. 4 16:17 94 n. 39 16:26 188 n. 173,194

n. 216 1 Corinthians 1:2 20

1:4 44,78 n. 215 1:4-8 77 1:4-9 79 n. 222 1:5 37 n. 174 1:6 78 n. 219 1:7 44,77,78 n. 215 1:8 32,44

1:8,9 76-79,283,284 1:9 10,70,129 1:1 Off. 104 n. 35 1:17 268

1:18 86, 87 n. 9, 88, 251 n. 99, 275 nn. 86

& 87,276 n. 92 1:19 86 1:20 112 n. 62 1:23 245 n. 69 1:24 251 n. 99 1:27 16 n. 41,50 1:28 16 n. 41,118

n. 89

1:29 54,118 n. 89 1:31 53,54 n. 43 2:1-5 268 2:3 269 n. 45 2:3-5 270 n. 50 2:4 251 n. 99 2:7 9 n. 3,16 2:9 60 2:11 114 n. 67 2:12 112 n. 62

2:14,15 224 3:3 223 n. 111 3:5-9 268 3:8 262 n. 4

3:9 89,242,252 n. 103 3:12-15 242,242

n. 52,248

3:13 78,217 n. 75,261 3:13-15 45,236 n. 19,

242 n. 52,264 n. 19 3:14 271

3:15 112 n. 62,237 n. 20,242 nn. 53 &

54,271

3:21 54,54 n. 43 3:21-23 66 n. 129 3:22 57 n. 63 4:Iff. 233 n. 1 4:1-5 236,236 n. 19 4:2-5 247 n. 76,258

n. 140,261 4:3-5 235 4:4 65,233 n. 1 4:5 78,233 n.l 4:6 118 n. 89 4:1 Iff. 239 4:12 262 n. 4 4:15 188 n. 175 4:20 153 n. 139 5:1 136,223 5:1-5 105 n. 38,113-

20,136,155

5:1-8 116,116 n. 74 5:1-13 222,285 5:5 112 n. 62,123 5:6-8 113 5:7-7:40 133 n. 11 5:9 115,116 n.76,139 5:9-13 116

5:10 115,116 n.76, 131 n. 2,140 5:10-13 125 5:11 115,116 n. 74,

117 n. 81,120 n. 97, 124,125 n. 120,131 n. 2,139,140 5:11-13 104 n. 36,117

n. 76,136,220 5:12 115,120,137 5:13 115,116,120,

120 n. 99,137 6:1 132,134 n. 23,

135.135 n. 25,136 n. 29

6:1-8 137

6:1-11 133 n. 11,138 6:2 133 n. 11,134,

135.136 n. 29,137 6:2-6 132 6:3 133 n. 11,134,

135.137 6:4 137 6:5 137 6:6 135

6:7 132,133 nn. 11 &

13,135,136 n. 29 6:7-10 125 n. 120 6:8 132,133,133

nn. 11 & 13,135,136 n. 29

6:9,10 115,124,125, 153 n. 139

6:9-11 131-41,156, 223,284

6:11 20,20 n. 68,125 n. 120

6:11-20 133 n. 11 7:5 118 n. 89 7:21 255 n. 121 7:39 106 n. 44 8:1 121,240 8:1-11:1 241 n. 46 8:4-6 93n.35 8:7-13 85-97,155,

241 n. 50,285 8:9 241 n. 47 8:10 121

9:1 45,46,219,237, 240 n. 45,253 n. 105 9: Iff. 233 n.l 9:1-14 243 9:1-18 240,241 n. 45 9:2 219

9:3 247,252 9:4-6 241 9:4-18 251 9:6-12 236 n. 17 9:9 124 n. 115 9:12 241 n. 48,243,

248,251 n. 99,252, 253,254 n. 111 9:12-22 242 9:14 188 n. 175,241,

241 n. 51,248,253

(27)

318 Index

1 Corinthians (cont.) 9:15 241 n. 48 9:15-18 242-45 9:18 188 n. 175,248,

253

9:19-22 240,245 n. 66,252-54 9:19-23 245,253

n. 105

9:19-27 240 n. 45 9:22 250 n. 93 9:23 244 n. 60,247-

54, 268,281, 285 9:24 123,246 n. 74 9:25 246 n. 74

9:24-27 237^(1,245, 246 n. 72

9:26 244,262 n. 5 9:27 233-47, 259

n. 149, 281,285 10:Iff. 239 n. 33 10:1—4 125

10:1-10 123,238 n. 31 10:1-12 285 10:1-23 239 10:5 122,125,126 10:5-22 238 10:6-10 124,129

n. 136

10:7,8 121,122 10:7-10 125 10:9 128

10:11 71,121 n. 105, 127 n. 131,129 n. 136 10:12 52 n. 29, 73, 74,

112 n. 62,120-30, 155,196 n. 227 10:13 70,71-74,112

n. 62,122,127 n. 131, 128,128 n. 132,129, 129 n. 136,284 10:14 72 n. 168,121 10:14-22 93 n. 35,121

n. 106

10:15 129 n. 136 10:15-21 121 10:16, 17 117 10:16-21 130 10:18 164 n. 16,248

n. 84

10:20 249,249 nn. 87

&88

10:22 128 n. 134 10:23 89

10:23-11:1 241,241 n. 47

10:24 89,254 10:28 93n.35 10:31 89n.20 10:32 89 n. 20, 94 10:33 89 n. 20,254,

254 n. 112

10:33—11:1 241 n. 47 11:2 272

11:17 100 11:18 104,104 n. 36 11:19 104,104 n. 36,

152 n. 131,233 n.2 11:21 104

11:22 101,104,104 n. 36,105 n. 38 11:25 117 n. 80 11:26 178 n. 99 11:27-34 99-112,

114-16,120,285 11:29 155 11:30-32 123 11:31 115 n. 70 11:32 115 n. 70,119

n. 96,155 11:33 36 n. 170 12:7 90 13:3 209 n. 28 14:1 259 n. 148 14:3-5 90 14:6 209 n. 28 14:12 90 14:17 90 14:26 90 14:29 99 n. 4 15:1 124,196 n. 227,

272, 274

15:2 261,271-77,282 15:3-8 2 72,272 n. 66 15:4 274

15:6 106 n. 44 15:10 262 n. 4, 268,

275

15:11 245 n. 69, 272, 273

15:12 245 n. 69,271, 273

15:12-19 274,275 15:14 2 76 n. 94

15:14-19 276 n. 93 15:17 276 n. 94 15:18 86, 88,106 n. 44 15:20 28,106 n. 44,

186 n. 160 15:22 77

15:23 28,29,77 15:24 153 n. 139 15:24-28 58 15:25 1 78 n. 55,189

n. 180

15:26 189 n. 180 15:33 134 n. 21 15:43 11 15:49 10

15:50 131 nn. 3 & 4, 153 n. 139

15:51 77,106 n. 44 15:52 77

16:6 36 n. 170 16:10 268 16:15 186 16:16 262 n. 4 16:18 114 n. 67 2 Corinthians 1:5 61 1:7 248 n. 84 1:9 46 n. 229 1:14 44,264 1:16 36 n. 170 1:17 111 n. 59 1:18 70 n. 149 1:18-22 32 1:19 245 n. 69 1:20 32

1:21 30 n. 141,78 n. 215

1:22 27,28,29-33,51, 283

1:24 124,196 n. 227 2:5-11 119 n. 94 2:6,7 119 2:6-11 92n.33 2:12 188 n. 175 2:13 114 n. 67 2:15 86,87 n. 9, 88,

275 nn. 86 & 87,276 n. 92

3:1 217,235 3:1-3 218,240 n. 42 3:3 268

(28)

Bible 319

3:4 215

3:18 10,11,19 4:2 236

4:3 86,87 n. 3, 88,275 n. 86

4:4 10,118 4:5 245 n. 69 4:6 10 4:7 234,267 4:7-12 56,234 n. 10 4:8ff. 239

4:10 55 n. 50,234, 260, 260 n. 152 4:11 55 n. 50,218,

234, 260,260 n. 152 4:11-13 251 n. 100 4:12 218

4:14 22,53 n. 33,258 4:16 255 n. 121 4:17 11 5:4 30 n. 138 5:5 27,29-33,

30 n. 138,51,283 5:9 236

5:10 65,100,236 5:12-14 278 5:16 119 n. 91 5:17 58n.65 5:18-6:1 278 5:20 268,277 6:1 252 n. 103,261,

268,277-80,282, 285 6:2 194 n. 216,278 6:3-10 278 6:4-10 56,234 n. 10 6:5 262 n. 4 6:10 37 n. 174 6:11-13 279 6:14-7:1 137 7:1 40 n. 194,114

n. 67,119 n. 91 7:5 119 n. 91 7:8 255 n. 121 7:9 221 n. 104 7:10 191,221 n. 104 7:12 119 n. 91 7:13 114 n. 67 7:15 269 n. 45 8:4 42 n. 207 8:5 57

8:6 40,41 n. 195,43, 43 n. 211

8:7 37 n. 175 8:8 217 n. 75

8:9 36-38,42-43,46 8:10 41 n. 195,43,43

n. 211

8:11 40,41 n. 195,43, 43 n. 211

8:14 118 n. 89 8:18 188 n. 175 8:22 235 n. 12 8:23 249 n. 88 9:6 37 9:7 37

9:8 33,34,43 n. 211 9:9 33,37,38 9:10 37,38 9:11 37 n. 174 9:11-13 44 n. 212 9:13 42 n. 207 9:15 37 n. 174 10-13 217 n. 79 10:1 217

10:2 215 n. 66, 217, 234

10:7 217,234,234 n.6 10:8 90

10:10 217,234 10:14 188 n. 175 10:15 262 n. 4 10:17 53,54 n. 43,

244,264 n. 15 10:18 218 n. 88,235,

236, 244, 264 n. 15 11:1 279 n. 91 11:2 53n.33 11:4 245 n. 69, 277

n. 99, 278 11:5-7 234 11:5-9 217 11:7-10 244 11:9 236 n. 17 11:9-12 252 11:13 224,236 n. 18 11:16, 17 219 n. 91 11:20 240 n. 43 11:23 262 n. 4 11:23-30 55

11:23-33 56,234 n. 10 11:27 262 n. 4 11:29 94 11:30 219 n. 91 12:1 219 n. 91

12:5 219 n. 91,234 n. 10,244

12:6 219 n. 91 12:7 118 n. 86,119

n. 91

12:9 54 n. 43,55, 234, 234 n. 10,244,264 n. 15

12:10 55,234,234 n. 10

12:11 217,219 n. 91, 255 n. 121

12:12 234 n. 9 12:13 217,234,252 12:15 162 n. 10 12:16 236 n. 17 12:19 219 n. 91 12:20 131 n. 2,140,

143, 222 n. 109, 285 12:21 131 n. 2,137, 140,143,153 n. 139, 221-25,285

13:2 152 n. 134,221 13:2-7 234 13:3 217,218

13:5 217-25,226,233 n. 2, 245, 276, 277 n. 97, 280, 285 13:5-7 233, 233 n. 5 13:5-10 150 n. 119 13:6 219,245 13:7 33 n. 156,219

n. 91,235 13:7-10 218 n. 85 13:10 90,224,234 Galatians

1:4 37,37 n. 176,208 n. 22

1:6 39 n. 182,203, 207, 208, 208 n. 20, 213

1:7 207

1:8 204,204 n. 6,214 1:9 37 n. 176,152

n. 134,204,214,265 1:15 263 n. 11

2:1-10 203,265 2:2 239 n. 39,245

n. 69,261-63,266 n. 31, 267, 281, 285 2:3-10 266

(29)

320 Index

Galatians (cont.) 2:4 146 n. 94,204 n. 5,

214

2:5 203 n. 1,204,204 nn.5&6

2:8 39 n. 182 2:11-14 203 2:12 117,266 n. 33 2:14 203 n. 1,204,204

nn. 3 & 6,265 2:16 206 2:17 146 2:17-21 205 2:18 89,148 n. 106 2:20 63,63 n. 103 2:21 148 n. 106,204

nn. 6 & 7,205 3:1-5 213,216 3:3 40,41 n. 195,206 3:4 215,215 n. 69,271

n. 56, 272 n. 57 3:6 205 3:10-12 210 3:11 124 n. 115,205 3:12 205

3:13 210 3:15-18 205 3:18 62,153 n. 139,

190

3:22 194 n. 216 3:23-26 205 3:26-29 204 n. 7 3:29 153 n. 139 4:1 153 n. 139 4:3 208 4:7 153 n. 139 4:8 148,208 4:9 148,194 n. 216,

208

4:9-11 263

4:10 145,214,262, 266

4:11 261-63,266,267, 271 n. 55, 272 n. 57, 275,281,282,285 4:13,14 119 n. 91 4:21 142 n. 62 4:2Iff. 124 n. 115 4:21-25 209 4:22,23 45 4:24 148 4:25 148

4:30 153 n. 139,209 4:31 209

5:1 145,146 n. 94,148 5:1-4 203-16,285 5:3 145,145 n. 83 5:4 142 n. 62,265 5:5 68,206 5:6 207 n. 16

5:7 20 n. 69,203,203 n. 1,204

5:8 39 n. 182,203 5:10 47 n. 229, 214,

214 n. 61,215,216, 216 n. 74,286 5:11 245 n. 69 5:13 208 n. 24 5:13ff. 142-54 5:13-6:10 211 5:17 111,111 n. 59,

112 n. 60 5:18 152

5:19-21 131,141-53, 284

5:19-25 156 5:21 131 n. 4,139 6:1 142 n. 62,143,144 6:1-4 149

6:2 148 n. 110 6:6-10 153,154 6:7 134 n. 21 6:7-10 37 n. 178 6:9 33 n. 156,154

n. 148 6:10 33 n. 156 6:12 204 6:13 54 n. 43,150 6:14 53

6:16 164,181 n. 124 6:18 114 n. 67 Ephesians

1:4 16,16 n. 41 1:5 11 n. 12,16 n. 41,

270 n. 49 1:6 46 n. 228 1:9 270 n. 49 1:11 16n.41

1:13 28,30,31,32,44 1:14 24,27,30 n. 136,

31,32,32 n. 149,44 2:2 118

2:10 33 n. 155

2:12 163 2:15 119 n. 91 2:27 53n.33 3:1 162 n. 10 3:6,7 253 n. 110 3:13 162 n. 10 4:17 223 4:19 223 4:22-24 140 4:24ff. 140

4:30 28,30,32,32 n. 149

4:31 131 n. 2,140 5:1 192 n. 203 5:3 141 5:3-5 131 n. 2 5:3-8 140

5:5 131 n. 3,136 n.28 5:6 21 n. 84,136 n.28 5:7 249 n. 85

5:26 20 5:29 119 n. 91 5:31 119 n. 91 5:33 266 n. 33 6:5 269 n. 45 6:11 52n.29 6:13, 14 124 6:16 70 n. 152

Philippians 1:3 42,42 n. 207 1:3-5 44 n. 212,47 1:3-6 47 n. 231 1:4 45

1:5 34,39,39 n. 191, 40,40 n. 191,42, 42 n. 207,270 n. 54 1:6 33-47,264 n. 15,

269, 270, 270 n. 54, 283

1:6-11 44 n. 212 1:7 47,47 n. 231, 78

n. 219, 248 n. 84,249, 249 n. 86, 250 n. 91 1:8 47 n. 231 1:9 270 n. 54 1:9-11 44,45,47 1:10 41 n. 201 1:11 43,43 n. 220 1:12 251,267 1:13 152 n. 131 1:15 270 n. 49

Judith M. Gundry Volf

Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament • 2. Reihe

37

Paul and Perseverance

Judith M. Gundry Volf

J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck) Tübingen

To Miroslav

Preface

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

PART ONE

THE ESCHATOLOGICAL TENSION AND STAYING IN

I. CONTINUITY IN SALVATION

INDEX OF REFERENCES TO

BIBLICAL AND OTHER ANCIENT SOURCES