summary
Very few countries use energy audits in historic buildings, however some do so voluntarily when refurbishing existing buildings.
No country has specific national rules concerning energy supply and historic buildings as yet.
No country can specify the amount of energy consumption in historic buildings.
worldwide climate policies and european Directives In the questionnaire, partners were asked to give a description of national adaption to worldwide climate policy (the Kyoto Protocol) and the implementation of the directives of the European Parliament; 2002 / 91 / EC and 2010 / 31 / EU on the energy performance of buildings and a report of the national Energy Efficiency Action Plan that is based on the requirements of Directive 2006 / 32 / EC on energy end-use efficiency and energy services.
In addition they were asked to give an illustration of the use and effects of energy audits in historic buildings.
Estonia, Latvia and Poland stand out in the chart concerning the status of the targets in the Kyoto protocol because they are way over the target, meaning they have reduced more emissions than the target. Some countries are using the Kyoto flexible mechanisms like emission trading, among others. Germany is on track, but Sweden, Denmark and Finland are still below the targeted emission levels.
The EU directives have been implemented through building regulations in most countries except for Germany which has its own energy saving act and regulations which are part of the national building laws. In Poland changes in the national law are still being prepared. Belarus, which is a non-EU partner, has its own system.
49 | Baseline study · The Situation of Climate Protection and Cultural Heritage
D) Evaluation of the national contributions D) Evaluation of the national contributions
Most countries except for Lithuania have created a national energy audit program. All countries have accepted the exclusion of historic buildings that is proposed in the directive. Sweden, Germany and Finland will have a new national law based on 2010 / 31 / EU in 2012.
In national energy efficiency action plans, three of the countries have
described their national aims as 9 % energy savings by 2016. Only Sweden has specified a baseline which is the final energy consumption between
2001 – 2005. We presume the baseline is the same for the other countries.
national legislation – laws on energy efficiency
Germany, Sweden, Latvia and Belarus have national legislation concerning energy performance and audits for buildings. Only Germany, Sweden and Denmark have a regional level which functions through the application of building regulations.
national legislation – historic buildings
All countries have excluded historic buildings from energy performance in buildings – meaning listed buildings and monuments.
No country could answer the question about the share of energy
consumption by historic buildings in the building stock or CO2 emissions.
Germany works with limit values for existing buildings that is 40 % over new / reference buildings. In Sweden the new building regulations from autumn 2011 will set the same limit values for refurbished buildings as for new ones. Alterations must be cautiously made and the cultural value of the building is not allowed to be altered.
50 | Baseline study · The Situation of Climate Protection and Cultural Heritage D) Evaluation of the national contributions
Partner no 1—4 5—8 9 10—12 14—15 Partner no 16 17 19 20
germany sweden Denmark estonia latvia Poland belarus Finland lithuania
energy supply & efficiency worldwide Climate Policy kyoto protocol target 2008 – 2012/
1990 ghg emission
– 21 % – 21 % – 21 % – 8 % 8 %
energy supply & efficiency worldwide Climate Policy kyoto protocol target 2008 – 2012/
1990 ghg emission
– 6 % 2012/1988
– 15 % 77 Mt ekv – 5 %
status quo
2009/1990* – 26,3 % – 17,2 % – 10,2 % – 59,6 %.
Estonia is using 2 out of 3 Kyoto flexible mecha-nism, joint implementation and international emissions trading
– 59,7 % status quo
2009/1990* – 32,1 % – 36,9 % – 5,7 % – 58,9 %
european directives 2002/91/eC ePbD Energy Saving Act (ENEG) and Energy Saving Regulations (ENEV) consider heating systems and insulation of buildings. Defines limit values for new and refur-bished buildings.
Energy audit system defined.
Directive 2002/91/
EC is since beginning of 2006 a constitution in Sweden. In Sweden the directive is implemented through:
– the introduction of the system of energy declara-tion for buildings – changes in the Swedish building code
– spread of information through i. e.
energy advisers and energy agencies
2006 heat transmission changed to requirements concerning energy consump-tion of buildings.
Also an energy reduction of 25 %for new buildings compared to former regula-tions. 2008 insulation standard of existing buildings was introduced;
insulation should increase to a level compared to the requirements of new buildings.
2010 energy reduction of 25 % for new buildings.
— Law on Building
Energy Perform-ance approved 2008 and adopted 2010.
Issuing energy certificates, requirements energy auditors, methods
calculating energy efficiency in buildings.
european directives 2002/91/eC ePbD In 2007 Building Law was amended, The regulations from the Ministry of Infrastructure was enforced technical conditions TW2008 and energy certificates
Not EU-Directives but technical codes of standard practice (TCP) TCP 45-2.04-196-2010 “Thermal protection of buildings. Heat-and-Power characteristics. Identification rules” and TCP 45-2.04-43-2006
“Heating engi-neering of buildings. Construction norms for buildings”.
New building codes require-ments for new buildings tightens 30 % compared to 2003.
Technical regulations
2010/31/eu ePbD Work in progress in national law.
It is a part of the energy chapter in the building regulations.
Tightened energy provi-sions are planned in 2015 and 2020 each time 25% energy reduc-tion.
In the frame work of EFS project manual was compiled 2010 to better meet the requirements of the government regulations because of considerable shortcomings
Regulations of Cabinet of Ministers on minimum energy effi-ciency require-ments. National building standards on energy effi-ciency incl. Low energy build-ings.
2010/31/eu ePbD Changes in national law is being prepared.
Same as Directive 2002/92/EC
New regulations for new build-ings 2012. Tightened minimum requirements 20% compared with 2007.
Expand central heating; improve of heating and hot water supply
* according to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, FCCC. GHG (green house gases) emissions excluding land-use change and forestry (LULUCF).
51 | Baseline study · The Situation of Climate Protection and Cultural Heritage D) Evaluation of the national contributions
Partner no 1—4 5—8 9 10—12 14—15 Partner no 16 17 19 20
germany sweden Denmark estonia latvia Poland belarus Finland lithuania
energy supply & efficiency worldwide Climate Policy kyoto protocol target 2008 – 2012/
1990 ghg emission
– 21 % – 21 % – 21 % – 8 % 8 %
energy supply & efficiency worldwide Climate Policy kyoto protocol target 2008 – 2012/
1990 ghg emission
– 6 % 2012/1988
– 15 % 77 Mt ekv – 5 %
status quo
2009/1990* – 26,3 % – 17,2 % – 10,2 % – 59,6 %.
Estonia is using 2 out of 3 Kyoto flexible mecha-nism, joint implementation and international emissions trading
– 59,7 % status quo
2009/1990* – 32,1 % – 36,9 % – 5,7 % – 58,9 %
european directives 2002/91/eC ePbD Energy Saving Act (ENEG) and Energy Saving Regulations (ENEV) consider heating systems and insulation of buildings. Defines limit values for new and refur-bished buildings.
Energy audit system defined.
Directive 2002/91/
EC is since beginning of 2006 a constitution in Sweden. In Sweden the directive is implemented through:
– the introduction of the system of energy declara-tion for buildings – changes in the Swedish building code
– spread of information through i. e.
energy advisers and energy agencies
2006 heat transmission changed to requirements concerning energy consump-tion of buildings.
Also an energy reduction of 25 %for new buildings compared to former regula-tions. 2008 insulation standard of existing buildings was introduced;
insulation should increase to a level compared to the requirements of new buildings.
2010 energy reduction of 25 % for new buildings.
— Law on Building
Energy Perform-ance approved 2008 and adopted 2010.
Issuing energy certificates, requirements energy auditors, methods
calculating energy efficiency in buildings.
european directives 2002/91/eC ePbD In 2007 Building Law was amended, The regulations from the Ministry of Infrastructure was enforced technical conditions TW2008 and energy certificates
Not EU-Directives but technical codes of standard practice (TCP) TCP 45-2.04-196-2010 “Thermal protection of buildings.
Heat-and-Power characteristics.
Identification rules” and TCP 45-2.04-43-2006
“Heating engi-neering of buildings.
Construction norms for buildings”.
New building codes require-ments for new buildings tightens 30 % compared to 2003.
Technical regulations
2010/31/eu ePbD Work in progress in national law.
It is a part of the energy chapter in the building regulations.
Tightened energy provi-sions are planned in 2015 and 2020 each time 25% energy reduc-tion.
In the frame work of EFS project manual was compiled 2010 to better meet the requirements of the government regulations because of considerable shortcomings
Regulations of Cabinet of Ministers on minimum energy effi-ciency require-ments. National building standards on energy effi-ciency incl. Low energy build-ings.
2010/31/eu ePbD Changes in national law is being prepared.
Same as Directive 2002/92/EC
New regulations for new build-ings 2012.
Tightened minimum requirements 20% compared with 2007.
Expand central heating;
improve of heating and hot water supply
* according to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, FCCC. GHG (green house gases) emissions excluding land-use change and forestry (LULUCF).
52 | Baseline study · The Situation of Climate Protection and Cultural Heritage
D) Evaluation of the national contributions D) Evaluation of the national contributions
Partner no 1—4 5—8 9 10—12 14—15 Partner no 16 17 19 20
germany sweden Denmark estonia latvia Poland belarus Finland lithuania
energy supply & efficiency european directives 2006/32/eC energy efficiency action Plan Already
imple-mented in Energy Saving Regulation.
Benchmarks for national energy savings;
Description of or further development of existing meas-ures (e.g.CO2
building refurbishment programme);
Energy savings in the public sector (e.g. in public build-ings; Controlling of energy consumption.«
National aim is 9% energy saving until 2016 compared to final energy consumption in 2001 – 2005.
Milestone 6.5 % energy savings until 2010 which is
=24,0 TWh until 2010 and 33,2 TWh until 2016.
Calculations of energy con-sumption before and after construction of a building is required and must relate to the building regulations.
(2006/32/EC is implemented via government regulation
“energy effi-ciency min-imum require-ments” influ-encing new and majorly recon-struction buildings.
Savings in residential-, tertiary-, Industry-, transport- and agriculture sectors. Within residential:
energy audits and certificates;
subsidies for measurements, information and develop secondary legislation.
energy supply & efficiency european directives 2006/32/eC energy efficiency action Plan Plan from
Ministry of Economy: Intermediate target 2% until 2010. Final target according to directive – 9% savings until 2016
National energy saving program 2011 – 2015 (action plan). Regional and Branch energy savings pro-grams on yearly basis provide measures to implement the National program
Reduction of end use energy by 9% 2016. Private and public sector program ERA 17 to speed up measures.
Energy end use efficiency, national energy sufficiency control system, index system, index calcula-tion methods and sources.
energy audits/heritage buildings Energy audits mandatory for all buildings except built heritage.
»In Sweden historical buildings such as listed buildings, churches, places of worship and buildings protected in a municipal development plan are excluded by the law of energy audits. But made volun-tarily in built heritage – extent unknown.
Only on new buildings
— Energy audits
can be carried out if not endanger the preservation or reduce the cultural value in heritage.
energy audits/heritage buildings Act of The Termomoderni-sation Does not apply on build heritage upon Act of Monu-ment Protection and Preserva-tion.Energy audits are crucial for financing and apply individu-ally by the owners because of actions required are cost consuming
Not included in historical buildings.
Voluntarily for built heritage
No national energy audits program.
53 | Baseline study · The Situation of Climate Protection and Cultural Heritage
D) Evaluation of the national contributions D) Evaluation of the national contributions
Partner no 1—4 5—8 9 10—12 14—15 Partner no 16 17 19 20
germany sweden Denmark estonia latvia Poland belarus Finland lithuania
energy supply & efficiency european directives 2006/32/eC energy efficiency action Plan Already
imple-mented in Energy Saving Regulation.
Benchmarks for national energy savings;
Description of or further development of existing meas-ures (e.g.CO2
building refurbishment programme);
Energy savings in the public sector (e.g. in public build-ings; Controlling of energy consumption.«
National aim is 9% energy saving until 2016 compared to final energy consumption in 2001 – 2005.
Milestone 6.5 % energy savings until 2010 which is
=24,0 TWh until 2010 and 33,2 TWh until 2016.
Calculations of energy con-sumption before and after construction of a building is required and must relate to the building regulations.
(2006/32/EC is implemented via government regulation
“energy effi-ciency min-imum require-ments” influ-encing new and majorly recon-struction buildings.
Savings in residential-, tertiary-, Industry-, transport- and agriculture sectors. Within residential:
energy audits and certificates;
subsidies for measurements, information and develop secondary legislation.
energy supply & efficiency european directives 2006/32/eC energy efficiency action Plan Plan from
Ministry of Economy:
Intermediate target 2% until 2010. Final target according to directive – 9% savings until 2016
National energy saving program 2011 – 2015 (action plan).
Regional and Branch energy savings pro-grams on yearly basis provide measures to implement the National program
Reduction of end use energy by 9% 2016.
Private and public sector program ERA 17 to speed up measures.
Energy end use efficiency, national energy sufficiency control system, index system, index calcula-tion methods and sources.
energy audits/heritage buildings Energy audits mandatory for all buildings except built heritage.
»In Sweden historical buildings such as listed buildings, churches, places of worship and buildings protected in a municipal development plan are excluded by the law of energy audits. But made volun-tarily in built heritage – extent unknown.
Only on new buildings
— Energy audits
can be carried out if not endanger the preservation or reduce the cultural value in heritage.
energy audits/heritage buildings Act of The Termomoderni-sation Does not apply on build heritage upon Act of Monu-ment Protection and Preserva-tion.Energy audits are crucial for financing and apply individu-ally by the owners because of actions required are cost consuming
Not included in historical buildings.
Voluntarily for built heritage
No national energy audits program.
54 | Baseline study · The Situation of Climate Protection and Cultural Heritage
D) Evaluation of the national contributions D) Evaluation of the national contributions
Partner no 1—4 5—8 9 10—12 14—15 Partner no 16 17 19 20
germany sweden Denmark estonia latvia Poland belarus Finland lithuania
energy supply & efficiency national legislative laws on energy efficiency national
level
Energy Saving Act (ENEG) and Energy Saving Regulation (ENEV)
Law of Energy Performance in Buildings, The new Planning &
Building Act concerning energy and climate protec-tion. Building Regulations concerning energy.
Building regulations
Building regulations
Law on Building Energy Per-formance, Regulations of Cabinet of Ministers and Energy end-use efficiency law
energy supply & efficiency national legislative laws on energy efficiency national
level
In 2011Act of Energy Effi-ciency in accordance to directive 2006/32/EC
Law “On energy savng”. Direc-tive of the President
“Saving and frugality as major factors of the economic security of the state”.
Building regulations
Building regulations
Regional level
Hamburg Climate Protec-tion Act and Hamburg Climate Protec-tion RegulaProtec-tion
»City planning office imple-ment national building regulations.
Regulations makes it possibility for municipalities to set higher energy require-ments than the national implemented directive. »
Municipal land use plans.
— No Regional
level
No No No No
built heritage Rules on energy supply and perfo-mance
Exceptions for built heritage and other buildings worthy of preservation considering energy certifi-cates and climate protec-tion measures.
When refur-bishing an existing building (not listed, and cultural value is not allowed to be distorted) it is the same requirement as for new build-ings.
No national rules
No national rules
No national rules
built heritage Rules on energy supply and perfo-mance
Built heritage upon Act on Monument Protection and Preservation excluded
TCP 45-2.04-43-2006
“Heating engineering of buildings. Construction norms for buildings” and TCP 45-1.04-206-2010
“Repair, reconstruction and restoration of residential and public buildings and constructions. Basic design requirements”.
No national rules
Technical regulations and built heritage construction regulations.
ePbD Built heritage excluded
Built heritage excluded
Built heritage excluded
More attention is paid at the look of monu-ments and not to the energy efficiency concerning brick and stone buildings.
Heritage excluded
ePbD Built heritage upon Act on Monument Protection and Preservation excluded
Excluded Today no legislation but to be seen
First usage audit method-ology in 2008.
55 | Baseline study · The Situation of Climate Protection and Cultural Heritage
D) Evaluation of the national contributions D) Evaluation of the national contributions
Partner no 1—4 5—8 9 10—12 14—15 Partner no 16 17 19 20
germany sweden Denmark estonia latvia Poland belarus Finland lithuania
energy supply & efficiency national legislative laws on energy efficiency national
level
Energy Saving Act (ENEG) and Energy Saving Regulation (ENEV)
Law of Energy Performance in Buildings, The new Planning &
Building Act concerning energy and climate protec-tion. Building Regulations concerning energy.
Building regulations
Building regulations
Law on Building Energy Per-formance, Regulations of Cabinet of Ministers and Energy end-use efficiency law
energy supply & efficiency national legislative laws on energy efficiency national
level
In 2011Act of Energy Effi-ciency in accordance to directive 2006/32/EC
Law “On energy savng”. Direc-tive of the President
“Saving and frugality as major factors of the economic security of the state”.
Building regulations
Building regulations
Regional level
Hamburg Climate Protec-tion Act and Hamburg Climate Protec-tion RegulaProtec-tion
»City planning office imple-ment national building regulations.
Regulations makes it possibility for municipalities to set higher energy require-ments than the national implemented directive. »
Municipal land use plans.
— No Regional
level
No No No No
built heritage Rules on energy supply and perfo-mance
Exceptions for built heritage and other buildings worthy of preservation considering energy certifi-cates and climate protec-tion measures.
When refur-bishing an existing building (not listed, and cultural value is not allowed to be distorted) it is the same requirement as for new build-ings.
No national rules
No national rules
No national rules
built heritage Rules on energy supply and perfo-mance
Built heritage upon Act on Monument Protection and Preservation excluded
TCP 45-2.04-43-2006
“Heating engineering of buildings.
Construction norms for buildings” and TCP 45-1.04-206-2010
“Repair, reconstruction and restoration of residential and public buildings and constructions.
Basic design requirements”.
No national rules
Technical regulations and built heritage construction regulations.
ePbD Built heritage excluded
Built heritage excluded
Built heritage excluded
More attention is paid at the look of monu-ments and not to the energy efficiency concerning brick and stone buildings.
Heritage excluded
ePbD Built heritage upon Act on Monument Protection and Preservation excluded
Excluded Today no legislation but to be seen
First usage audit method-ology in 2008.
56 | Baseline study · The Situation of Climate Protection and Cultural Heritage D) Evaluation of the national contributions
Partner no 1—4 5—8 9 10—12 14—15 Partner no 16 17 19 20
germany sweden Denmark estonia latvia Poland belarus Finland lithuania
energy supply & efficiency national legislative built heritage excluded
buildings
Buildings on heritage list.
Legal discus-sion if identified but not yet listed heritage buildings shall be excluded.
Any building with cultural heritage value can not be changed in a way that reduces the value.
Listed buildings whereas listing protects entire building.
Buildings worthy of preservation are evaluated and can be given dispensations,
— »cultural
monuments or location of same excluded if the fulfilment of law endanger the preservation or reduce the cultural value;
religious places;«
energy supply & efficiency national legislative built heritage excluded
buildings
Built heritage upon Act on Monument Protection and Preservation Churches and places of religious cult
— — All built heritage
objects
energy consump-tion (Co2 emissions)
For existing buildings limit value is 40% over new/
reference buildings.
No data No data — No data energy
consump-tion (Co2 emissions)
No data — No data No data
57 | Baseline study · The Situation of Climate Protection and Cultural Heritage D) Evaluation of the national contributions
Partner no 1—4 5—8 9 10—12 14—15 Partner no 16 17 19 20
germany sweden Denmark estonia latvia Poland belarus Finland lithuania
energy supply & efficiency national legislative built heritage excluded
buildings
Buildings on heritage list.
Legal discus-sion if identified but not yet listed heritage buildings shall be excluded.
Any building with cultural heritage value can not be changed in a way that reduces the value.
Listed buildings whereas listing protects entire building.
Buildings worthy of preservation are evaluated and can be given dispensations,
— »cultural
monuments or location of same excluded if the fulfilment of law endanger the preservation or reduce the cultural value;
religious places;«
energy supply & efficiency national legislative built heritage excluded
buildings
Built heritage upon Act on Monument Protection and Preservation Churches and places of religious cult
— — All built heritage
objects
energy consump-tion (Co2 emissions)
For existing buildings limit value is 40% over new/
reference buildings.
No data No data — No data energy
consump-tion (Co2 emissions)
No data — No data No data