• Keine Ergebnisse gefunden

Adapt the MBDC methodology for other forms of non-DAC development

Im Dokument Working Paper 323April 2013 (Seite 51-68)

AidData has employed MBDC methods to collect some preliminary data for development finance activities funded by Saudi Arabia and Venezuela.57 These pilot exercises have yielded promising results. However, refining these methods to ensure that they are broadly

applicable to non-DAC suppliers of development finance will require more time and careful attention to detail and nuance. While AidData researchers created a methodology designed to track aid from multiple donors, our application to the case of China caused us to create particular categories in the official and unofficial sectors that reflected Chinese aid practices.

When AidData applies this method to other non-traditional donors, we are likely to discover additional nuances and variation in flows that are not captured by the method presented here. We expect to adapt the method as we learn more about variation in donor practices.

57 See details on these initiatives on AidData’s blog, The First Tranche, available at blog.aiddata.org.

48 References

Acemoglu, Daron and James Robinson. 2012. Fancy Schools. Why Nations Fail blog. 27 February 2012. Accessed at http://whynationsfail.com/blog/2012/2/27/fancy-schools.html

Africa Confidential. 2007. Interview with ADB President Donald Kaberuka. Accessed http://www.africa-confidential.com/special-report/id/13/Interview-with-ADB-President-Donald-Kaberuka

Alden, Chris and Ana Cristina Alves. 2009. China and Africa’s Natural Resources: The Challenges and Implications for Development and Governance. South African Institute of International Affairs Occasional Paper 41. September 2009. Johannesburg, South Africa: South African Institute of International Affairs.

http://www.voltairenet.org/IMG/pdf/China_and_Africa_s_Natural_Resources.pdf Aufricht, James, Mark Brough, Andrew Clarke and Rachel Rank. 2012. Aid Transparency

Index 2012. London: Publish What You Fund. Accessed at

http://www.publishwhatyoufund.org/files/2012-Aid-Transparency-Index_web-singles.pdf

Barder, Owen. 2011. What Happened in Busan? Weblog post on Owen Abroad. 11 December 2011. Accessed at http://www.owen.org/blog/5131

Bartke, Wolfgang. 1989. The Economic Aid of the PR China to Developing and Socialist Countries, 2nd ed. Munich, Germany: K. G. Saur.

BBC News. 2008. Sierra Leone Bans Timber Exports. 15 January 2008.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7189204.stm

BBC News. 2011. Michael Sata: Zambia’s ‘King Cobra” Finally Strikes. 23 September 2011.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-15034694

Bearak, Barry. Zambia Uneasily Balances Chinese Investment and Workers’ Resentment.

New York Times. 20 November 2010.

http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/21/world/africa/21zambia.html?pagewanted=all Beattie, Alan and Eoin Callan. 2006. China Loans Create ‘New wave of Africa debt. Financial

Times 7 December 2006.

Berger, Axel, Deborah Bräutigam and Philipp Baumgartner. 2011. Why Are We So Critical About China’s Engagement in Africa? Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik. The Current Column 15 August 2011. pp. 1–3.

Berthélemy, Jean Claude. 2011. China’s Engagement and Aid Effectiveness in Africa.

African Development Bank Working Paper #129. Tunis, Tunisia: African Development Bank.

Bosshard, Peter. 2008. China’s Environmental Footprint in Africa. SAIS Working Papers in African Studies 01-08. Johannesburg: South African Institute of International Affairs.

Accessed at http://www.sais-jhu.edu/academics/regional-studies/africa/pdf/BosshardWorkingPaper.pdf

Brainard, Lael and Derek Chollet. 2007. Development’s Changing Face: New Players, Old Challenges, Fresh Opportunities. Scene-Setter for 2007 Brookings Blum Roundtable.

49

Bräutigam, Deborah. 2009. The Dragon's Gift: the Real Story of China in Africa. Oxford, UK:

Oxford University Press.

Bräutigam, Deborah. 2010. China, Africa and the International Aid Architecture. Working Papers Series N° 107. Tunis, Tunisia: African Development Bank

Bräutigam, Deborah. 2011a. Aid 'With Chinese Characteristics': Chinese Aid and

Development Finance Meet the OECD-DAC Regime. Journal of International Development 23 (5): 752–764.

Bräutigam, Deborah. 2011b. "Chinese Development Aid in Africa: What, Where, Why and How Much?" in China Update 2011, edited by Jane Golley and Ligang Song. Canberra, Australia: National University.

Chang, Cheng and Hui Li. 新中国成立以来中国共产党对外援助思想的嬗变 [The

Evolution of the Chinese Communist Party’s Foreign Aid Thought Since the Founding of New China].

党史文苑

[Literature on Party Building] March 2011: 18-19.

Chaturvedi, Sachin. 2008. Emerging Patterns in Architecture for Management of Economic Assistance and Development Cooperation: Implications and Challenges for India. RIS Discussion Papers No. 139. New Delhi, India: Research and Information System for Developing Countries.

Cheung, Yin-Wong, Jakob de Haan, Xingwang Qian and Shu Yu. 2012. China’s Outward Direct Investment in Africa. Review of International Economics 20 (2): 201–220.

Christensen, Benedicte Vibe. 2010. China in Africa A Macroeconomic Perspective. CGD Working Paper 230. Washington D.C.: Center for Global Development. Accessed at http://www.cgdev.org/files/1424567_file_Christensen_China_in_Africa_FINAL.pdf Collier, Paul. 2007. The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can Be Done

about It. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Conway-Smith. 2011. Zambian Election Results Check Chinese Influence in Africa. Global Post. 25 September 2011.

http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/africa/110924/zambian-election-results-check-chinese-influence-africa

Dahle Huse, Martine and Stephen L. Muyakwa. 2008. China in Africa: Lending, Policy Space and Governance. Norwegian Campaign for Debt Cancellation and Norwegian Council for Africa.

Davies, Martyn. 2008. How China Delivers Development Assistance. Centre for Chinese Studies, University of Stellenbosch.

De Córdoba, José. China-Oil Deal Gives Chávez a Leg Up. Wall Street Journal, November 9, 2011.

http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203733504577026073413045462.html Dong, Lili and David W. Chapman. 2008. The Chinese Government Scholarship Program:

An Effective Form of Foreign Assistance? International Review of Education 54: 155–173.

Downs, Erica. 2011a. Inside China, Inc: China Development Bank’s Cross-Border Energy Deals. John L. Thornton China Center, Monograph Series No. 3, Brookings Institution, 2011. Accessed at

http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2011/0321_china_energy_down s/0321 china_energy_downs.pdf

50

Downs, Erica. 2011b. Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic & Security Review Commission. 13 April 2011. Accessed at

http://www.uscc.gov/hearings/2011hearings/written_testimonies/11_04_13_wrt/11_0 4_13_downs_testimony.pdf

Drakos, Konstantinos. 2007. The Size of Under-Reporting Bias in Recorded Transnational Terrorist Activity. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 170 (4):

909-921.

Drakos, Konstantinos and Andreas Gofas. 2006. The Devil You Know but Are Afraid to Face: Underreporting Bias and its Distorting Effects on the Study of Terrorism. Journal of Conflict Resolution 50 (5): 714-735.

Dreher, Axel and Andreas Fuchs. 2012. Rogue Aid? The Determinants of China’s Aid Allocation. Courant Research Centre 'Poverty, Equity and Growth' Discussion Paper 93.

University of Goettingen.

Dreher, Axel, Andreas Fuchs and Peter Nunnenkamp. Forthcoming. New Donors.

International Interactions forthcoming.

Dreher, Axel, Peter Nunnenkamp and Rainer Thiele. 2011. Are ‘New’ Donors Different?

Comparing the allocation of bilateral aid between non-DAC and DAC donor countries.

World Development 39 (11): 1950–1968.

Earl, Jennifer, Andrew Martin, John D. McCarthy, and Sarah A. Soule. 2004. The Use of Newspaper Data in the Study of Collective Action. Annual Review of Sociology 30: 65-80.

EM-DAT. 2012. EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database – www.emdat.be. Brussels, Belgium: Université Catholique de Louvain.

Export-Import Bank of the United States (U.S. EX-IM Bank). 2011. Report to the US Congress on Export Credit Competition and the Export-Import Bank of the United States. June 2011. Washington D.C.: Export-Import Bank of the United States.

Accessed at

http://www.exim.gov/about/reports/compet/documents/2010_Competitiveness_Rep ort.pdf

Export-Import Bank of the United States (U.S. EX-IM Bank). 2012. Report to the US Congress on Export Credit Competition and the Export-Import Bank of the United States. June 2012. Washington D.C.: Export-Import Bank of the United States.

Accessed at

http://www.exim.gov/about/reports/compet/documents/2011_Competitiveness_Rep ort.pdf

Fengler, Wolfgang and Homi Kharas (eds.). 2010. Delivering Aid Differently: Lessons from the Field. Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.

Fitch Ratings. 2011. Press Release: China Plays Crucial Role in Sub-Saharan Africa’s Growth.

7 December 2011.

Forum on Africa Cooperation. 2000. Beijing Declaration of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation. October 12, 2000. Accessed at

http://www.focac.org/eng/wjjh/hywj/t157833.htm

51

Foster, Vivien, William Butterfield, Chuan Chen and Nataliya Pushak. 2008. Building Bridges: China's Growing Role as Infrastructure Financier for Sub-Saharan Africa.

Washington D.C.: World Bank/PPIAF.

Fraeters, Han. 2011. Three-way-learning. The South-South Agenda in Busan. 01 December 2011. Accessed at http://blogs.worldbank.org/voices/three-way-learning-the-south-south-agenda-in-busan

Fuchs, Andreas and Krishna Chaitanya Vadlamannati. 2013. The Needy Donor: An Empirical Analysis of India’s Aid Motives. World Development 44: 110–128.

Gallagher, Kevin P., Amos Irwin and Katherine Koleski. 2012. The New Banks in Town:

Chinese Finance in Latin America. Washington D.C.: Inter-American Dialogue.

Glennie, Jonathan. 2010. WikiLeaks cables: China's aid to Africa has strings attached. 10 December 2010. Accessed at http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/poverty-matters/2010/dec/10/wikileaks-cables-china-aid-africa?INTCMP=ILCNETTXT3487 Grimm, Sven, Rachel Rank, Matthew McDonald and Elizabeth Schickerling. 2011.

Transparency of Chinese Aid: An Analysis of the Published Information on Chinese External Financial Flows. London: Centre for Chinese Studies at Stellenbosch University and Publish What You Fund. Accessed at

http://www.ccs.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Transparency-of-Chinese-Aid_final-for-print.pdf

Guloba, Madina, Nicholas Kilimani and Winnie Nabiddo. 2010. Impact of China-Africa Aid Relations: A Case Study of Uganda. Final Report submitted to the African Economic Research Consortium (AERC). May 2010.

Harman, Danna. 2007. China Takes Up Civic Work in Africa. Christian Science Monitor.

http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0627/p01s05-woaf.html

He, Wenping. 2006,. China-Africa Relations Moving into an Era of Rapid Development. in:

Africa Institute of South Africa, Inside AISA, Oct./Dec. pp. 3–6.

Herbertson, Kirk. 2011. Leading While Catching Up?: Emerging Standards for China’s Overseas Investments. Sustainable Development Law & Policy 11 (3): 22-26, 41-43.

Herbertson, Kirk. 2012. “Will Safeguards Survive the Next Generation of Development Finance?” Berkeley: International Rivers.

Hong, Zhou. 2008. Three Decades of Foreign Aid and Reform and Opening in China. World Economics and Politics 11: 42.

Hu, Jianmei and Meibo Huang. 2012. 中国对外援助管理体系的现状与改革 [The Current State and Reform of China’s Foreign Aid Management System].

发展与援助

[Development and Aid].

国际经济合作

[International Economic Cooperation (IEC)].

(10): 55-58.

Huang, Meibo. 2007. 中国的对外援助机制: 现状和趋势 [China’s Foreign Aid Mechanism: Current State and Trends].

国际经济合作

[International Economic Cooperation (IEC)]. (6): 4-11.

Huang, Yanzhong. 2011. "Domestic Factors and China's Health Aid Programs in Africa," in China's Emerging Global Health and Foreign Aid Engagement in Africa, edited by Charles Freeman and Xiaoqing Lu Boynton. Washington D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies

52

Hubbard, Paul. 2007. Aiding Transparency: What We Can Learn About China Exim Bank’s Concessional Loans. CG Working Paper No. 126. Washington D.C.: Center for Global Development.

Human Rights Watch. 2007. World Report 2007. New York: Human Rights Watch.

Human Rights Watch. 2011. Zambia: Workers Detail Abuse in Chinese-Owned Mines.

Enforce Health, Safety, and Labor Laws in Copper Mining Industry. November 3, 2011.

http://www.hrw.org/news/2011/11/03/zambia-workers-detail-abuse-chinese-owned-mines

International Development Association (IDA). 2008. Aid Architecture: An Overview of the Main Trends in Official Development Assistance Flows. Washington D.C.: World Bank.

International Monetary Fund (IMF). 2009. IMF Executive Board Approves US$ 551 Million PRGF Arrangement for the Democratic Republic of the Congo and US$ 73 Million in Interim HIPC Assistance. Press Release No. 09/455. 11 December 2009. Washington D.C.: IMF. Accessed at http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2009/pr09455.htm Jansson, Johanna. 2011. The Sicomines Agreement: Change and Continuity in the

Democratic Republic of Congo’s International Relations. South African Institute of International Affairs Occasional Paper 97. Johannesburg, South Africa: South African Institute of International Affairs.

Junbo, Jian. 2007. China’s Role in Africa. Beijing Review 6: 14-15.

Kagame, Paul. 2009. Why Africa Welcomes the Chinese. The Guardian 02 November 2009.

Accessed at http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/nov/02/aid-trade-rwanda-china-west

King, Gary and Will Lowe. 2003. An Automated Information Extraction Tool for International Conflict Data with Performance as Good as Human Coders: A Rare Events Evaluation Design. International Organization 57 (3):617–42.

Klein, Michael and Tim Harford. 2005. The Market For Aid. Washington D.C.: International Finance Corporation.

Kobayashi, Takaaki. 2008. Evolution of China’s Aid Policy. JBICI Working Paper 27, Japan Bank for International Cooperation, Tokyo, Japan.

Kotschwar, Barbara, Theodore Moran and Julia Muir. 2011. Do Chinese Mining Companies Exploit More? Americas Quarterly Fall 2011.

Kurlantzick, Joshua. 2006. Beijing’s Safari: China’s Move into Africa and Its Implications for Aid, Development, and Governance. Carnegie Endowment Policy Outlook # 29.

November 2006. Washington D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

LaFraniere, Sharon. 2009. China Helps the Powerful in Nambia. New York Times. 19 November 2009. Accessed at

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/20/world/asia/20namibia.html?pagewanted=all LaFraniere, Sharon and John Grobler. 2009. China Spreads Aid in Africa, With a Catch. New

York Times. 21 September 2009. Accessed at

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/22/world/africa/22namibia.html?pagewanted=all Lancaster, Carol. 2007. The Chinese Aid System. Center for Global Development Essay.

June 2007. Washington D.C.: Center for Global Development. Accessed at http://www.cgdev.org/files/13953_file_Chinese_aid.pdf

53

Leetaru, Kalev. 2010. The Scope of FBIS and BBC Open-Source Media Coverage, 1979–

2008 (U). Studies in Intelligence 54 (1): 17-37.

Li, Ruogu. 2006. Debt Sustainability and Sustainable Development. Presentation delivered at the OECD. 14 November 2006.

Lombard, Louisa. 2006. Africa’s China Card. Foreign Policy web exclusive. April 2006.

Accessed at http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2006/04/10/africas_china_card Lum, Thomas, Hannah Fischer, Julissa Gomez-Granger and Anne Leland. 2009. China’s

Foreign Aid Activities in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia. Congressional Research Service Report for Congress. February 25, 2009. Washington D.C.:

Congressional Research Service.

Lyne, Mona, Daniel Nielson and Michael J. Tierney. 2009. Controlling Coalitions: Social Lending at the Multilateral Development Banks. Review of International Organizations 4:

407-433.

Manning, Richard. 2006. Will ‘Emerging Donors’ Change the Face of International Cooperation? Development Policy Review 24: 371-385.

Manson, Katrina. 2010. Interview - Congo Defends $6 Bln China Deal, Awaits Funds. 27 October 2010. Reuters. Accessed at

http://af.reuters.com/article/drcNews/idAFLDE69Q10C20101027?sp=true

Manson, Katrina. 2012. China Attacks Clinton’s Africa Comments. Financial Times August 3, 2012.

Marques de Morais, Rafael. 2012. Growing Wealth, Shrinking Democracy. Op-Ed. New York Times. 29 August 2012. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/30/opinion/in-angola-growing-wealth-but-shrinking-democracy.html

Marysee, Stefaan and Sara Geenen. 2009. Win-Win or Unequal Exchange? The Case of the Sino-Congolese Cooperation Agreements. Review of African Political Economy 47 (3): 371–

396.

McCarthy, John D., Clark McPhail and Jackie Smith. 1996. Images of Protest: Dimensions of Selection Bias in Media Coverage of Washington Demonstrations, 1982 and 1991.

American Sociological Review 6 (3): 478-99.

McCullough, Bruce and Ross McKitrick. 2009. Check the Numbers: The Case for Due Diligence in Policy Formation. Studies in Risk & Regulation. February 2009. Calgary, Alberta: Fraser Institute.

Milner, Helen, Daniel Nielson and Michael Findley. 2013. Which Devil in Development? A Randomized Study of Citizen Actions Supporting Foreign Aid in Uganda. Working Paper. Princeton University.

Mohan, Giles. 2008. China in Africa: A Review Essay. Review of African Political Economy 35 (1): 155–73.

Molinski, Dan. 2010. Venezuela to Spend Half of $20 Bln China Loan Within 3 Years. Dow Jones News Service. 1 September 2010.

Moss, Todd and Sarah Rose. 2006. China ExIm Bank and Africa: New Lending, New Challenges. CGD Notes. November 2006. Washington D.C.: Center for Global Development.

54

Moyo, Dambisa. 2009. Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for Africa. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.

Mthembu-Salter, Gregory. 2012. Goodwill and Hard Bargains: The DRC, China and India.

South African Institute of International Affairs Occasional Paper 114. Johannesburg, South Africa: South African Institute of International Affairs.

Musakwa, Tendai. 2013. Leading Africa Expert in China: France’s Intervention in Mali ‘Was Necessary.’ The China Africa Project. http://www.chinaafricaproject.com/france-china-mali-he-wenping-cass-beijing/.

Mwase, Nkunde. 2011. Determinants of Development Financing Flows from Brazil, Russia, India, and China to Low-Income Countries. IMF Working Paper 11/255. Washington D.C.: International Monetary Fund.

Mwase, Nkunde and Yongzheng Yang. 2012. BRICs’ Philosophies for Development Financing and Their Implications for LICs. IMF Working Paper WP/12/74.

Washington D.C.: International Monetary Fund.

Naím, Moisés. 2007. Rogue Aid. Foreign Policy. 14 February 2007.

OECD. DAC Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts. Available at

http://www.oecd.org/development/stats/dacglossaryofkeytermsandconcepts.htm.

OECD. 2008. “Is it ODA?” OECD Factsheet November 2008.

http://www.oecd.org/investment/aidstatistics/34086975.pdf

OECD. 2012. Development Aid at a Glance: Statistics by Region. 2012 Edition. Paris:

OECD.

OECD. 2013. “Aid to Poor Countries Slips Further as Governments Tighten Budgets.”

http://www.oecd.org/newsroom/aidtopoorcountriesslipsfurtherasgovernmentstightenb udgets.htm

Ojakorotu, Victor and Ayo Whetho. 2008. Sino-African Relations: The Cold War Years and After. Asia Journal of Global Studies 2 (2): 35-43.

Peh, Kelvin S. and Jonathan Eyal. 2010.Unveiling China’s Impact on African Environment.

Energy Policy 38(8): 4729–4730

Pehnelt, Gernot. 2007. The Political Economy of China’s Aid Policy in Africa. Jena Economic Research Papers # 051. University of Jena, Germany.

People’s Daily Online. 2012. Is China an Irresponsible Friend of Africa. 06 August 2012.

Accessed at http://english.people.com.cn/90883/7899133.html

People’s Republic of China (PRC). 2011. China’s Foreign Aid. Information Office of the State Council. Beijing: People’s Republic of China. 21 April 2011.

Provost, Claire. 2011. China Publishes First Report on Foreign Aid Policy. The Guardian 28 April 2011. Accessed at

http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2011/apr/28/china-foreign-aid-policy-report

Raleigh, Clionadh, Andrew Linke, Håvard Hegre and Joachim Karlsen. 2010. Introducing ACLED: An Armed Conflict Location and Event Dataset. Journal of Peace Research 47 (5):

651-660.

Reeves, Andrew, Stephen Shellman and Brandon Stewart. 2006. Fair & Balanced or Fit to Print? The Effects of Media Sources on Statistical Inferences. Paper presented at the International Studies Association conference, 22– 25 March 2006, San Diego, CA.

55

Reuters. 2010. China Throws Birthday Bash for Zimbabwe’s Mugabe. 22 February 2010.

Accessed at http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/02/22/us-china-zimbabwe-idUSTRE61L29O20100222

Salehyan, Idean, Cullen Hendrix, Jesse Hamner, Christina Case, Christopher Linebarger, Emily Stull and Jennifer Williams. 2012. Social Conflict in Africa: A New Database.

International Interactions. 38 (4): 503-511.

Schrodt, Philip A. and Deborah J. Gerner. 1994. Validity Assessment of a Machine-Coded Event Data Set for the Middle East, 1982–1992. American Journal of Political Science 38 (3):825–54.

Schrodt, Philip A., Erin M. Simpson and Deborah J. Gerner. 2001. Monitoring Conflict Using Automated Coding of Newswire Sources: A Comparison of Five Geographical Regions. Paper presented at the PRIO/Uppsala University. Uppsala, Sweden 8–9 June 2001.

Scissors, Derek. 2012a. Chinese Outward Investment: Acceleration Features the U.S. Issue Brief No. 3656. 9 July 2012. Washington D.C.: The Heritage Foundation.

http://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2012/pdf/ib3656.pdf

Scissors, Derek. 2012b. Global Investment Tracker: 2012,. Heritage Foundation White Paper. 6 January 2012.

Severino, Jean-Michel and Olivier Ray. 2010. The End of ODA (II): The Birth of Hypercollective Action. Center for Global Development Working Paper 218.

Washington DC: Center for Global Development.

Shellman, Stephen. 2008. Coding Disaggregated Intrastate Conflict: Machine Processing the Behavior of Substate Actors Over Time and Space. Political Analysis 16:4 64–477.

Shen, Zhihua and Yafeng Xia. 2012. China and the Post-War Reconstruction of North Korea, 1953-1961. North Korea International Documentation Project Working Paper

#4. Washington D.C.: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.

Sinha, Pranay and Michael Hubbard 2012. The Non DAC Donor’s Data Availability Index.

University of Birmingham Working Paper. Accessed at

http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/Documents/college-social-sciences/government-society/idd/research/aid-data/chapter1.pdf

Strange, Austin M., Brian O’Donnell, Daniel Gamboa, and Bradley Parks. 2013. AidData’s Media-Based Data Collection Methodology. Williamsburg, VA: AidData.

Suatman. Barry and Yan Hairong. 2009. Trade, Investment, Power, and the China-in Africa Discourse. Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus 52 (3).

Swann, Christopher and William McQuillen. 2006. China to Surpass World Bank as Tope Lender to Africa. Bloomberg News. 3 November 2006.

Tan-Mullins, May, Giles Mohan and Marcus Power. 2010. ‘Redefining “Aid” in the China-Africa Context: Global Governance, Chinese Modalities and Local Impacts. Development and Change 41 (5): 857-881.

Taylor, Ian. 2009. China’s New Role in Africa. Lynne Rienner Publishing, Boulder Colorado.

Taylor, Ian. 2009. China’s New Role in Africa. Lynne Rienner Publishing, Boulder Colorado.

Im Dokument Working Paper 323April 2013 (Seite 51-68)